CN105929458A - Aeromagnetic field vector detecting device and detecting method - Google Patents

Aeromagnetic field vector detecting device and detecting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105929458A
CN105929458A CN201610159977.7A CN201610159977A CN105929458A CN 105929458 A CN105929458 A CN 105929458A CN 201610159977 A CN201610159977 A CN 201610159977A CN 105929458 A CN105929458 A CN 105929458A
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light
alkali metal
frequency
magnetic
polarization
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CN105929458B (en
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陈晨
张雪
王言章
秦佳男
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Jilin University
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Jilin University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/40—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth

Abstract

The invention relates to an aeromagnetic field vector detecting device and a detecting method, a DFB laser which has the same lasing frequency with an alkali metal atom D1 wire is adopted as a pump light source, the light emitted by the DFB laser generates circular polarization pump light polarized alkali metal atoms with free adjustable laser power through an optical isolator, an optical attenuator, a polarizer and a lambda/4 wave plate, and the atom is made to have macroscopic magnetic moment. A detected weak magnetic field in a y axis direction makes the magnetic moment to generate Larmor precession on an xoz plane around the y axis. The polarization plane rotation of the linearly polarized light caused by circular dichroism of a polarized atom, the pump light is removed, the deflection angle gradually vibrates and attenuates to zero, a zero-cross detection device is adopted to detect the time difference between the time of removing the pump light and the first zero crossing point, the Larmor prescession frequency can be obtained, and a magnetic-field vector value is obtained by dividing the Larmor prescession frequency by a gyromagnetic ratio. According to the invention, the device and the method have the advantages of high magnetic-field vector detection precision, fast response frequency and good repeatability, and are suitable for aeromagnetic field vector detecting mobile platform magnetic measurement.

Description

Magnetic air field vector detection device and monitoring method
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of airborne geophysics detection device and detection method, be based especially on measurement polarization alkali The magnetic vector detection device of metallic atom macroscopic moment frequency of fadings and detection method.
Background technology:
Aeromagnetic detection is used for generally investigating oil and natural gas and other mineral products, on geologic survey, search for mineral deposit and ground Ball scientific research plays an important role, is a kind of main method of aerogeophysical survey.High-altitude There is following features in magnetic field: magnetic field intensity increases with height above sea level with 1/r3Form reduces, tens meters of its values of high-altitude Less than 1nT, and because of a variety of causes (human noise, thunder and lightning, solar wind etc.) real-time fluctuations, therefore high accuracy, Fast-response magnetic vector measuring method is an important research direction of magnetic air detection.
Magnetic vector measurement is to use magnetic Active Compensation or magnetic shield mode to make resonance circular polarization pump light polarization alkali The macroscopic moment that metallic atom produces makees Larmor precession under Weak magentic-field environment, and its circular dichroism makes resonance Line detection light vector plane of polarization rotates, according to measuring deflection angle amplitude or the survey of Rate derivation magnetic vector value Metering method.Polarization alkali metal atom macroscopic moment is moved and is related to three dynamic processes: pumping, Larmor precession, Relaxation.Most of alkali metal atom pumping to the sub-energy level of same Zeeman are produced macroscopic view magnetic by resonance circular polarization pump light Square, this macroscopic moment makees Larmor precession under vertical direction Weak magentic-field effect, meanwhile, relaxation Alkali metal atom depolarization can be made, the combined influence of magnetic moment can be stated by Bloch equations.Macroscopic moment is along visiting Photometer axis direction projection equivalence its Zeeman energy level cloth inning is poor, causes left-right rotary circularly polarized light ingredient draws width Degree difference, so that the plane of polarization of detection line polarized light rotates, macroscopic moment kinetics Bloch equations Analytic solutions directly determine to detect the anglec of rotation of light deflection plane with numerical solution.Therefore, polarization alkali metal atom macroscopic view magnetic The kinestate of square is the core that magnetic vector is measured.
Disclosed in CN103558566A, a kind of vector surveys magnetic, uses pumping laser intensity modulated to realize alkali metal Atom light light double resonance, it is thus achieved that pure oscillation form macroscopic moment, does Fourier transformation to it and obtains orthogonal and same Phase frequency response, scanning modulating frequency makes orthogonal signalling amplitude be zero, and this modulating frequency is Larmor precession frequency, Magnetic vector value is obtained divided by gyromagnetic ratio.
(M.P.Ledbetter,I.M.Savukov,V.M.Acosta.Spin-exchange-relaxation- free magnetometry with Cs vapor[J].PHYSICAL REVIEW A, 2008,77,033408) Romalis research group a kind of alkali metal atom macroscopic moment that polarizes of proposition Forms of motion, it is provided that frequency range is close to Larmor precession frequency, the radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field of vertical pumping optical axis and alkali gold Belong to atom generation magneto-optic double resonance, it is thus achieved that pure oscillation form macroscopic moment, it is done Fourier transformation and just obtains Handing over and homophase frequency response signal, scanning rf frequency makes orthogonal signalling amplitude be zero, and this modulating frequency is Rameau That precession frequency, obtains magnetic vector value divided by gyromagnetic ratio.
(Jiancheng Fang,Shuangai Wan,Jie Qin.Spin-exchange relaxation-free Magnetic gradiometer with dual-beam and closed-loop Faraday modulation [J] .J.Opt.Soc.Am.B, 2014,31.000512) room builds up professor and carries Going out the forms of motion of another polarization alkali metal atom macroscopic moment, pump light persistently polarizes alkali metal atom, Macroscopic moment decays to stable state with Larmor frequency concussion e index, between detection light deflection angle amplitude and magnetic field Proportional, it is provided that standard Magnetic Field, demarcates number between detection light deflection angle amplitude and magnetic field by measured data Value relation is also fitted, and according to matched curve in reality, by detecting, light deflection angle is counter pushes away available magnetic vector Value.
Said method is the most directly measured polarization alkali metal atom macroscopic moment kinestate and is reached amplitude during stable state, all Solution can be measured as magnetic vector, but they exist some defects the most to some extent.Pump modulation (light modulation or radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field modulation) measures the frequency response of pure oscillation form macroscopic moment, due to this mode Relating to frequency sweeping process, the system speed of response is slow.When tested changes of magnetic field is bigger, there is frequency losing lock Problem is not suitable for mobile platform；Pump light continuous action measures steady-state DC macroscopic moment mode, and core is true Determining deflection angle steady state solution and tested magnetic field scale parameter, its determiner is affected by demarcating magnetic field precision, surveys magnetic Field data error is big, is not the most also suitable for mobile platform magnetic vector and measures.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of the present invention is that for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of based on measuring polarization alkali gold Belong to the magnetic air field vector detection device of atom macroscopic moment frequency of fadings；
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of based on measuring polarization alkali metal atom macroscopic moment frequency of fadings Magnetic air field vector detection device and detection method.
The mesh of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Magnetic air field vector detection device, three axle Helmholtz coil 31 centers that are included in are provided with moist closet 33, Moist closet 33 connects light built with atomic air chamber 32, Distributed Feedback Laser a11 by screw thread and optical fiber a14 Isolator a12, optical attenuator a13 and collimator a15, Distributed Feedback Laser a11, optoisolator a12, Optical attenuator a13, collimator a15, the polarizer a17, λ/4 wave plates 18 and photo-detector 19 pass through spiral shell Silk is fixed on aluminium sheet；Distributed Feedback Laser b21 by screw thread and optical fiber b24 connect optoisolator b22, Optical attenuator b23 and collimator b25, Distributed Feedback Laser b21, optoisolator b22, optical attenuator b23, Collimator b25 and polarizer b27 is screwed on aluminium sheet；Polarized beam shunt 41, difference are removed Being screwed on aluminium sheet with testing circuit 42 and zero-crossing comparator 43, difference is removed and testing circuit 42 It is connected with computer 44 by data wire with zero-crossing comparator 43；Pumping light path 16 through polarizer a17, λ/4 wave plate 18, three axle Helmholtz coil 31, moist closet 33 and atomic air chamber 32 are radiated at optical detection On device 19；Detection light path 26 through polarizer b27, three axle Helmholtz coils 31, moist closet 33, Atomic air chamber 32 and polarized beam shunt 41 separate o light and e light, through difference except surveying with testing circuit 42 Amount deflection angle amplitude is also caught first zero crossing by zero crossing detection device 43 and gives computer 44.
Described polarizer a (17) is vertical with optical axis, and λ/4 wave plate 18 is with optical axis in angle of 45 degrees.
The detection method of magnetic air field vector detection device, comprises the following steps:
The Distributed Feedback Laser a11 of A, lasing frequency and alkali metal atom D1 line frequency resonance is as pump light Source, its light sent is by optoisolator a12, optical attenuator a13, polarizer a (14) and λ/4 wave plate 18 luminous powers produced can freely regulate circular polarization pump light polarization alkali metal atom, makes alkali metal atom be in The sub-energy level of same Zeeman axially produces macroscopic moment in pumping；
B, pump light intensity in transmission are converted into the feedback signal of telecommunication by regulating three axle Hai Muhuo by photo-detector 19 Hereby coil 31 electric current, controls remnant field intensity less than 10nT；
C, polarization alkali metal atom macroscopic moment are produced under the tested low-intensity magnetic field effect of y-axis direction in xoz plane Raw Larmor precession；
D, Distributed Feedback Laser b (21) conduct using lasing frequency identical with alkali metal atom D2 line frequency are examined Light-metering source, its light sent produces light merit by optoisolator b22, optical attenuator b23, polarizer b27 Rate freely regulated linear polarization can detect light, constitutes magnetic fields actively benefit by being placed in three axle Helmholtz coils (31) Repaying the atomic air chamber 32 of device inside holding room 33, polarization alkali metal atom macroscopic moment is along detection optical axis direction Projection equivalence Zeeman energy level cloth inning is poor, causes detection left-right rotary circularly polarized light ingredient draws amplitude different, The plane of polarization of line polarized light rotates；
E, when the alkali metal atom macroscopic moment motion that polarizes reaches stable state, remove pump light, polarize alkali metal Atom macroscopic moment decays to zero with Larmor frequency vibration e index；
The metering of F, zero crossing detection device 43 removes the pump light moment and separates o light with polarized beam shunt 41 With e light, difference is removed and testing circuit 42 exports time difference between first zero crossing of deflection angle amplitude and obtains vibration Frequency i.e. Larmor frequency, Larmor frequency obtains magnetic vector value divided by gyromagnetic ratio.
The motion mode of described polarization alkali metal atom macroscopic moment, i.e. removes pump light, and polarization alkali metal is former The equation of change of sub-macroscopic moment is:Refer to Larmor frequency vibration e Number decays to zero.
Beneficial effect: the vector of the present invention is surveyed magnetism method and is different from existing macroscopic moment kinestate steady-state value The measuring method of (direct current state or alternation state), proposes a kind of macroscopic moment kinestate and measuring method, i.e. surveys Measure the frequency (Larmor frequency) of its transient oscillation attenuation process.Due to tested magnetic field with directly measure corresponding relation Parameter is fixed physical constant, it is not necessary to fitting calibrating, and actual measurement magnetic field data precision is high；Due to damping time constant Little, system response frequency is high, and data updating rate is big；Solve high-altitude magnetic field value little, real-time fluctuations and cause Measure coarse problem, it is adaptable to aerospace detection mobile platform.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 magnetic air field vector detection device top view
Three axle Helmholtz coil 31 front view in Fig. 2 accompanying drawing 1
The motor process figure of Fig. 3 polarized atom macroscopic moment μ
Fig. 4 alkali metal atom macroscopic moment that polarizes projects μ in detection optical axiszCoordinate explains figure
11DFB laser instrument a, 12 optoisolator a, 13 optical attenuator a, 14 optical fiber a, 15 collimators A, 16 pumping light paths, 17 polarizer a, 18 λ/4 wave plates, 19 photo-detectors, 21DFB laser instrument b, 22 optoisolator b, 23 optical attenuator b, 24 optical fiber b, 25 collimator b, 26 detect light path, and 27 Polarizer b, 31 3 axle Helmholtz coils, 32 atomic air chambers, 33 moist closets, 41 polarized beams divide Road device, 42 differences are removed and testing circuit, 43 zero-crossing comparators, 44 computers.
Detailed description of the invention:
The present invention is described in further detail with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
It is for high-altitude magnetic field value little, the problem that there is real-time fluctuations, it is provided that one is applicable to mobile platform Vector surveys magnetic device；
Resonance circular polarization pump light polarization alkali metal atom generation energy level transition, is in the big of the sub-energy level of same Zeeman Most alkali metal atoms produce macroscopic moment and make Larmor precession, precession frequency under Weak magentic-field environment
ω=γ B (1)
Formed and stablize magnetic moment, pumping, Larmor precession, three dynamic processes of relaxation shadow comprehensive to macroscopic moment Ring available Bloch equations to represent:
∂ μ → ∂ t = D ▿ 2 μ → + 1 Q ( μ ) ( γ e μ → × B → + R p ( S → - μ → ) - R s d μ → ) - - - ( 2 )
Solving the version that macroscopic moment projects in detection optical axis is:
Removing pump light, its version is:
μ0zThe initial value projected in detection optical axis for macroscopic moment, γeFor gyromagnetic ratio, ByFor Weak magentic-field value, For the initial phase of macroscopic moment, RsdRelaxation rate, R is destroyed for spinpFor pumping rate.
Macroscopic moment is poor along detection optical axis direction projection equivalence its Zeeman energy level cloth inning, causes left and right rounding Polarized light component absorptive amplitude is different, so that the plane of polarization of detection line polarized light rotates, deflection angle is with grand See magnetic moment and there is mathematics relation:
θ = π 4 lr e ncfμ z υ - υ 0 [ ( υ - υ 0 ) 2 + ( Δ υ / 2 ) 2 ] - - - ( 5 )
Wherein: l is optical path length, reFor classical electron radius, n is alkali metal atom concentration, and c is the light velocity, and f is Pumping oscillator strength, υ, υ0, Δ υ correspondence detection light frequency, D2 line jump frequency and D2 line live width respectively. Find out from formula (5): the analytic solutions of macroscopic moment kinetics Bloch equations directly determine deflection with numerical solution Angle, this deflection angle decays to zero with Larmor frequency vibration e index equally, measures its frequency of oscillation γeBy, remove Magnetic vector value is obtained with gyromagnetic ratio.
Detect device based on the magnetic vector measuring polarization alkali metal atom macroscopic moment frequency of fadings, use lasing The Distributed Feedback Laser a11 of frequency and alkali metal atom D1 line frequency resonance is as pump light source, and it sends Light produces luminous power by optoisolator a12, optical attenuator a13, the polarizer a17 and λ/4 wave plate 18 Freely adjustable circular polarization pump light polarization is placed in three axle Helmholtz coils 31 and constitutes magnetic field Active Compensation dress Alkali metal atom in the atomic air chamber 32 put, produces macroscopic moment.Transmitted light intensity is converted by photo-detector 19 For the feedback signal of telecommunication by regulating remnant field intensity in three axle Helmholtz coil 31 electric current control coils.y Axial tested low-intensity magnetic field, makes macroscopic moment produce Larmor precession in xoz plane around y-axis.Simultaneously Using optical axis vertical with pumping optical axis and low-intensity magnetic field, lasing frequency is identical with alkali metal atom D2 line frequency Distributed Feedback Laser b21 as detection light source, its light sent by optoisolator b22, optical attenuator b23, The linear polarization detection light that polarizer b24 produces luminous power freely adjustable is occurred by atomic air chamber 32 plane of polarization Rotating, polarized beam shunt 41 decomposes o light and e light, and difference is except measuring deflection angular width with testing circuit 42 Value is also caught its first zero crossing by zero crossing detection device 43, obtains tested magnetic eventually through computer 44 Field vector value.
Magnetic vector measuring method based on measurement polarization alkali metal atom macroscopic moment frequency of fadings, including following Step:
A. lasing frequency and the Distributed Feedback Laser 11 of alkali metal atom D1 line frequency resonance are as pump light source, Its light sent is produced by optoisolator a12, optical attenuator a13, the polarizer 17 and λ/4 wave plate 18 The circular polarization pump light polarization alkali metal atom that luminous power is freely adjustable so that it is great majority are in same Zeeman Energy level axially produces macroscopic moment in pumping；
B. pump light intensity in transmission is converted into the feedback signal of telecommunication by regulation Helmholtz coil by photo-detector 19 Electric current 31 controls remnant field intensity less than 10nT；
C. polarization alkali metal atom macroscopic moment is produced under the tested low-intensity magnetic field effect of y-axis direction in xoz plane Raw Larmor precession；
D. use the Distributed Feedback Laser a21 that lasing frequency is identical with alkali metal atom D2 line frequency as detection Light source, its light sent produces luminous power by optoisolator a22, optical attenuator a23, polarizer a27 Freely adjustable linear polarization detection light constitutes magnetic field Active Compensation dress by being placed in three axle Helmholtz coils 31 Putting the atomic air chamber 32 of inside holding room 33, polarization alkali metal atom macroscopic moment is along detection optical axis direction projection Equivalence its Zeeman energy level cloth inning is poor, causes detection left-right rotary circularly polarized light ingredient draws amplitude different, line The plane of polarization of polarized light rotates；
E. when the alkali metal atom macroscopic moment motion that polarizes reaches stable state, removing pump light, polarization alkali metal is former Sub-macroscopic moment decays to zero with Larmor frequency vibration e index；
F. zero crossing detection device 43 metering removes the pump light moment and difference is removed and testing circuit 42 exports deflection angle Between first zero crossing of amplitude, time difference obtains frequency of oscillation i.e. Larmor frequency, obtains magnetic field divided by gyromagnetic ratio Vector value.
As it is shown in figure 1, the light that pump light source Distributed Feedback Laser 11 sends is by optoisolator 12, optical attenuation Device 13, the polarizer 14, λ/4 wave plate 15, three axle Helmholtz coils 31, moist closet 33, atom gas Room 32, is accepted by photo-detector 16 and is converted into the feedback signal of telecommunication by regulation Helmholtz coil electric current control Remnant field intensity processed.The light that probe source Distributed Feedback Laser 21 sends passes through optoisolator 22, optical attenuation Device 23, the polarizer 24, three axle Helmholtz coils 31, moist closet 33, atomic air chamber 32, by polarizing Beam splitter 41 receives and separates o light and e light, and difference is output as electricity except converting with testing circuit 42 Signal, zero crossing detection device 43 catches its first zero crossing.Wherein moist closet 33 is made by non-magnetic material, Mode of heating is for being interrupted electrical heating, it is to avoid produce magnetic disturbance.
As in figure 2 it is shown, remove pump light, polarization alkali metal atom macroscopic moment μ in space motion process, with Tested low-intensity magnetic field is axle precession, and amplitude is e index decay simultaneously.
As it is shown on figure 3, based on macroscopic moment μ shown in Fig. 2, project μ in z-axiszProcess over time It is made up of transient state (oscillatory process) stable state (value is 0) two parts, measures frequency of oscillation and i.e. enter shown in Fig. 2 Dynamic frequency, can calculate tested magnetic vector value according to formula 1.Macroscopic moment attenuation process is obtained by formula 4 Time constant is the inverse of relaxation rate, the method high response speed, in high precision；Owing to tested magnetic field is surveyed with straight Amount corresponding relation parameter is fixed physical constant, it is not necessary to fitting calibrating, and actual measurement magnetic field data repeatability is high, number Big according to turnover rate, solve high-altitude magnetic field value little, real-time fluctuations and cause measuring coarse problem, be suitable for In aerospace detection mobile platform system.
Embodiment 1
The light that pump light source Distributed Feedback Laser a11 sends passes through optoisolator a12, optical attenuator a13, The polarizer 17, λ/4 wave plate 18, three axle Helmholtz coils 31, moist closet 33, atomic air chamber 32, Accepted by photo-detector 19 and be converted into the feedback signal of telecommunication by regulating three axle Helmholtz coil 31 electric current controls Remnant field intensity processed.The light that probe source Distributed Feedback Laser a21 sends passes through optoisolator a22, light decay Subtracting device a23, the polarizer 27, three axle Helmholtz coils 31, moist closet 33, atomic air chamber 32, by partially The beam splitter 41 that shakes receives and separates o light and e light, and difference is output as electricity except converting with testing circuit 42 Signal, zero crossing detection device 43 catches its first zero crossing.Wherein moist closet 33 is made by non-magnetic material, Mode of heating is for being interrupted electrical heating, it is to avoid produce magnetic disturbance.
Alkali metal atom selects cesium element (Cs), and without natural isotope, saturated vapor forces down, fusing point 28.44 DEG C, Boiling point 669.3 DEG C, D1 line frequency is 335.12THz, and wavelength is that 894.6nm, D2 line frequency is 351.73THz, wavelength is 852.3nm.It is injected into volume 2.4cm*2.4cm*2.4cm, quartz glass The atomic air chamber 32 of glass material, this material is high temperature resistant, and transparency is high, stable chemical nature, in being placed on Footpath 7cm*7cm*7cm, thickness 2cm, in the moist closet 33 of polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material, it uses temperature -190～250 DEG C, stable chemical nature.Atomic air chamber 32 temperature controls to use interval Electric heating, i.e. It is interrupted heating, samples stopping heating interval.Temperature in moist closet 33 is controlled at 80～190 DEG C of models Enclose, control accuracy ± 0.02 DEG C.Electro-heat equipment is made up of PTC heating plate non-magnetic material, and algorithm uses integration Separating PID control.Moist closet is placed in the magnetic active compensation device that three axle Helmholtz coils 31 are constituted, Ensure that atomic air chamber 32 is under low-intensity magnetic field environment.
Pump light source uses nanoplusDFB laser instrument a11, operating temperature 25 DEG C, drives electric current 30mA, power 5mW, mid frequency resonates with alkali metal Cs atom D1 line, and centre wavelength is 895nm, The light sent produces light through optoisolator a12, optical attenuator a13, the polarizer a17 and λ/4 wave plate 18 The freely adjustable circular polarization pump light polarization of power is placed in three axle Helmholtz coils 31 and constitutes magnetic field and actively mend Repay alkali metal Cs atom vapor in the atomic air chamber 32 of device moist closet 33, produce macroscopic moment.Transmission Light intensity is received and is converted into the feedback signal of telecommunication by photo-detector 19 and controls surplus by regulation Helmholtz coil electric current Residual magnetism field intensity is less than 10nT.
Probe source uses nanoplusDFB laser instrument b21, operating temperature 25 DEG C equally, drives electricity Stream 40mA, luminous power 5mW, mid frequency resonates with alkali metal Cs atom D2 line, and wavelength is 852nm, the light sent produces luminous power by optoisolator b22, optical attenuator b23, polarizer b27 Freely adjustable linear polarization detection light is rotated by atomic air chamber 32 light vector plane of polarization, angle amplitude Determined at z-axis direction projection by macroscopic moment.Transmitted light intensity is received separation o light by polarized beam shunt 41 With e light, difference is output as the signal of telecommunication except converting with testing circuit 42, and zero crossing detection device 43 catches it First zero crossing.
Alkali metal Cs atom occurs energy level transition to produce macroscopic moment under pump light effect, is in same Zeeman Most of alkali metal Cs atoms of sub-energy level produce macroscopic moment and make Larmor precession under Weak magentic-field environment, Precession frequency
ω=γ B (1)
Pumping, Larmor precession, macroscopic moment combined influence can be used Bloch side by three dynamic processes of relaxation Journey represents:
∂ μ → ∂ t = D ▿ 2 μ → + 1 Q ( μ ) ( γ e μ → × B → + R p ( S → - μ → ) - R s d μ → ) - - - ( 2 )
The version solving macroscopic moment is:
μ z = μ 0 z + μ 0 z e - ( R p + R s d ) t s i n ( γ e B y t + φ 1 ) - - - ( 3 )
Removing pump light, the version of macroscopic moment is:
μ z = μ 0 z e - R s d t s i n ( γ e B y t + φ 2 ) - - - ( 4 )
μ0zFor macroscopic moment at the axial initial value of pumping, γeFor gyromagnetic ratio, ByFor Weak magentic-field value, For the initial phase of macroscopic moment, RsdRelaxation rate, R is destroyed for spinpFor pumping rate.(4) formulae express Macroscopic moment forms of motion as in figure 2 it is shown, decay with e index with Larmor frequency precession simultaneously amplitude, It is expressed as it is shown on figure 3, decline with e index with Larmor frequency vibration amplitude simultaneously in the time domain that is projected in of z-axis Reduce to zero, measure its frequency of oscillation γeBy, obtain magnetic vector value divided by gyromagnetic ratio.
The present invention proposes a kind of new macroscopic moment kinestate, measuring method and device, i.e. measures its transient state and shakes Swing the frequency (Larmor frequency) of attenuation process.Owing to tested magnetic field and straight corresponding relation parameter of measuring are fixing Physical constant, it is not necessary to fitting calibrating, actual measurement magnetic field data repeatability is high；Owing to damping time constant is little, it is System response frequency is high, and data updating rate is big；It is little that both features solve high-altitude magnetic field value, real-time fluctuations and Cause measuring coarse problem, it is adaptable to aerospace detection mobile platform.

Claims (4)

1. a magnetic air field vector detection device, it is characterised in that be included in three axle Helmholtz coils (31) Center is provided with moist closet (33), and moist closet (33) passes through built with atomic air chamber (32), Distributed Feedback Laser a (11) Screw thread and optical fiber a (14) connect optoisolator a (12), optical attenuator a (13) and collimator a (15), DFB swash Light device a (11), optoisolator a (12), optical attenuator a (13), collimator a (15), polarizer a (17), λ / 4 wave plates (18) and photo-detector (19) are screwed on aluminium sheet；Distributed Feedback Laser b (21) passes through spiral shell Stricture of vagina and optical fiber b (24) connect optoisolator b (22), optical attenuator b (23) and collimator b (25), DFB swash Light device b (21), optoisolator b (22), optical attenuator b (23), collimator b (25) and polarizer b (27) are logical Cross screw to be fixed on aluminium sheet；Polarized beam shunt (41), difference except and testing circuit (42) and zero-crossing comparator (43) being screwed on aluminium sheet, difference is except passing through data wire with testing circuit (42) and zero-crossing comparator (43) It is connected with computer (44)；Pumping light path (16) passes polarizer a (17), λ/4 wave plate (18), three axle last of the twelve Earthly Branches nurses The most hereby coil (31), moist closet (33) and atomic air chamber (32) are radiated on photo-detector (19)；Detection light path (26) Through polarizer b (27), three axle Helmholtz coils (31), moist closet (33), atomic air chamber (32) and polarization Beam splitter (41) separates o light and e light, through difference except measuring deflection angle amplitude and by mistake with testing circuit (42) Zero detection device (43) catches first zero crossing and gives computer (44).
2. detect device according to the magnetic air field vector described in claim 1, it is characterised in that polarizer a (17) Vertical with optical axis, λ/4 wave plate (18) is with optical axis in angle of 45 degrees.
3. the detection method of device is detected according to the magnetic air field vector described in claim 1, it is characterised in that Comprise the following steps:
The Distributed Feedback Laser a (11) of A, lasing frequency and alkali metal atom D1 line frequency resonance is as pump light Source, its light sent is by optoisolator a (12), optical attenuator a (13), polarizer a (14) and λ/4 wave plate (18) luminous power produced can freely regulate circular polarization pump light polarization alkali metal atom, makes alkali metal atom be in The sub-energy level of same Zeeman axially produces macroscopic moment in pumping；
B, pump light intensity in transmission are converted into the feedback signal of telecommunication by regulating three axle Hai Muhuo by photo-detector (19) Hereby coil (31) electric current, controls remnant field intensity less than 10nT；
C, polarization alkali metal atom macroscopic moment are produced under the tested low-intensity magnetic field effect of y-axis direction in xoz plane Raw Larmor precession；
D, Distributed Feedback Laser b (21) conduct using lasing frequency identical with alkali metal atom D2 line frequency are examined Light-metering source, its light sent produces light by optoisolator b (22), optical attenuator b (23), polarizer b (27) Power freely regulated linear polarization can detect light, constitutes magnetic fields actively by being placed in three axle Helmholtz coils (31) The atomic air chamber (32) of compensation device inside holding room (33), polarization alkali metal atom produces macroscopic moment along detection light Direction of principal axis projection equivalence Zeeman energy level cloth inning is poor, causes detection left-right rotary circularly polarized light ingredient draws amplitude Difference, the plane of polarization of line polarized light rotates；
E, when the alkali metal atom macroscopic moment motion that polarizes reaches stable state, remove pump light, polarize alkali metal Atom macroscopic moment decays to zero with Larmor frequency vibration e index；
The metering of F, zero crossing detection device (43) removes the pump light moment and separates o light with polarized beam shunt (41) With e light, difference is removed time difference between testing circuit (42) output first zero crossing of deflection angle amplitude and is obtained vibration Frequency i.e. Larmor frequency, Larmor frequency obtains magnetic vector value divided by gyromagnetic ratio.
4. the detection method of device is detected according to the magnetic air field vector described in claim 3, it is characterised in that The motion mode of described polarization alkali metal atom macroscopic moment, i.e. removes pump light, and polarization alkali metal atom is grand The equation of change seeing magnetic moment is:Decline with Larmor frequency vibration e index Reduce to zero.
CN201610159977.7A 2016-03-21 2016-03-21 Aviation magnetic vector detection device and monitoring method Expired - Fee Related CN105929458B (en)

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Cited By (12)

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CN108717168A (en) * 2018-05-04 2018-10-30 北京航天控制仪器研究所 A kind of Scalar Magnetic Field gradient measuring device and method based on the modulation of light field amplitude
CN108508382A (en) * 2018-06-06 2018-09-07 北京航空航天大学 A kind of magnet measuring device based on SERF atomic spin effects
CN111060747A (en) * 2018-10-17 2020-04-24 北京自动化控制设备研究所 High-sensitivity nuclear spin precession detection method based on electron spin
CN112946541A (en) * 2021-02-02 2021-06-11 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 Alkali metal atomic spin all-optical control system and detection method
CN112946541B (en) * 2021-02-02 2021-12-28 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 Alkali metal atomic spin all-optical control system and detection method
CN113466756A (en) * 2021-05-18 2021-10-01 南方科技大学 Magnetic field measurement method and atomic magnetometer system
CN113466756B (en) * 2021-05-18 2024-04-02 南方科技大学 Magnetic field measurement method and atomic magnetometer system
CN113791370A (en) * 2021-08-12 2021-12-14 北京量子信息科学研究院 Magnetometer and magnetic field strength determination method
CN113687290A (en) * 2021-10-27 2021-11-23 山西大学 Calibration device and method for weak field of Hall magnetometer based on spin noise spectrum
CN115754845A (en) * 2022-12-07 2023-03-07 之江实验室 Atomic magnetometer spatial magnetic field imaging device and method based on vector light modulation
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