CN112946541B - Alkali metal atomic spin all-optical control system and detection method - Google Patents
Alkali metal atomic spin all-optical control system and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112946541B CN112946541B CN202110144549.8A CN202110144549A CN112946541B CN 112946541 B CN112946541 B CN 112946541B CN 202110144549 A CN202110144549 A CN 202110144549A CN 112946541 B CN112946541 B CN 112946541B
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Abstract
The invention provides an alkali metal atom spinning all-optical control system and a detection method. The invention realizes the spin optical polarization of alkali metal atoms by using the interaction of light and atoms and an optical modulation means, maintains the magnetic resonance of the spin of the alkali metal atoms in an environmental magnetic field and reads the resonance frequency of the spin of the atoms. The system uses the optical field to realize the regulation and control of all physical processes in the atomic magnetometer, and can solve the problem of clock alignment in the alkali metal atom spinning regulation and control; the invention adopts independent pump light modulation and detection light modulation structures, utilizes the pump light modulation to generate alkali metal atom spin resonance excitation signals, and utilizes the detection light to detect the alkali metal atom spin precession signals, thereby effectively avoiding the influence of the frequency of the excitation signals in the atom spin precession frequency measurement signals and obtaining more accurate magnetic field measurement results.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of quantum precision measurement, in particular to an alkali metal atom spinning all-optical control system and a detection method.
Background
The nonzero atom spin has magnetic moment, and can precess around the magnetic field direction at a fixed frequency under the action of magnetic field torque, and the precession frequency is in direct proportion to the magnitude of the magnetic field intensity, so that the magnetic field information of the environment where the atom is located can be obtained by observing the precession frequency of the atom spin.
The atomic magnetometer uses alkali metal atoms such as potassium, rubidium, cesium and the like as working substances, and performs magnetic field measurement by utilizing the magnetic resonance effect of alkali metal atom spin in a magnetic field. To achieve magnetic field measurements, the alkali metal atomic spins in atomic magnetometers need to undergo three main physical processes: (1) realizing atom spin optical polarization, and enabling electrons at the outermost layer of the alkali metal atoms to be at a specific Zeeman energy level by absorbing specific angular momentum carried by pump laser photons; (2) the spin of alkali metal atoms generates magnetic resonance in an environmental magnetic field, and the resonance frequency is in direct proportion to the intensity of the environmental magnetic field; (3) and detecting the resonance frequency of the atomic spin, and resolving the ambient magnetic field intensity according to the resonance frequency. In order to obtain a strong alkali metal atom spin precession signal, various control means are required to convert a microscopic alkali metal atom spin magnetic moment into a macroscopic magnetization vector, in short, the disordered behavior of a single atom in an atom ensemble is bound into the ordered behavior of a large number of atoms through an external physical field. The output signal of the atomic magnetometer obtained by the measurement is the sum of the spins of the alkali metal atoms participating in the measurement.
Besides necessary optical field regulation, the existing atomic magnetometer generally realizes the regulation of alkali metal atom spinning in each stage by applying various physical fields, and the overall system structure of the atomic magnetometer is complex and difficult to realize miniaturization and accurate control. Therefore, how to effectively integrate the alkali metal atom spin control means is an urgent problem to be solved in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an alkali metal atom spin all-optical control system and a detection method, which utilize the interaction of light and atoms to realize the spin optical polarization of alkali metal atoms by an optical modulation means, maintain the magnetic resonance of the alkali metal atom spin in an environmental magnetic field and read the resonance frequency of the atom spin. The system uses the optical field to realize the regulation and control of all physical processes in the atomic magnetometer, and can solve the problem of clock alignment in the alkali metal atom spinning regulation and control; according to the invention, an independent pump light modulation and detection light modulation structure is adopted, an alkali metal atom spin resonance excitation signal is generated by utilizing the pump light modulation, and the detection light is utilized to detect the alkali metal atom spin precession signal, so that the influence of the frequency of the excitation signal in the atom spin precession frequency measurement signal can be effectively avoided, and a more accurate magnetic field measurement result can be obtained; the optical control system has simple structure and is easy to realize system integration. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
an alkali metal atomic spin all-optical control system comprises a pumping light path module, a detection light path module, an optical modulation module, an atomic gas chamber, a temperature control module and a signal analysis display module;
the optical modulation module is used for generating an alkali metal atom spin polarization regulation signal, an alkali metal atom spin resonance excitation signal and an alkali metal atom spin detection regulation signal and comprises a pump optical modulation element, a pump optical modulation controller, a detection light modulation element and a detection light modulation controller; the output end of the pump light modulation controller is connected with the pump light modulation element and is used for generating a driving signal of the pump light modulation element; the output end of the detection light modulation controller is connected with the detection light modulation element and is used for generating a driving signal of the detection light modulation element;
the pumping light path module is used for generating an alkali metal atom medium in a pumping laser polarization atom gas chamber and comprises a pumping laser controller, a pumping laser, a first light splitter, a first one-half wave plate, a first polarization light splitter, a first photoelectric detector, a reflecting mirror, a first beam expander, a first polarizer and a one-quarter wave plate; the pump laser is used for emitting pump laser; the first light splitter is used for splitting the pump laser into a pump light first beam and a pump light second beam; the pump laser controller is arranged on the light path of the first beam of the pump light and is used for realizing the selection and locking of the frequency of the pump laser; the pumping light modulation element and the first quarter wave plate are sequentially arranged on a light path of the pumping light second beam; the first polarization spectroscope is used for dividing the second beam of the pump light into a third beam of the pump light and a main beam of the pump light, the first one-half wave plate is positioned between the pump light modulation element and the first polarization spectroscope, and the first one-half wave plate is used for adjusting the optical power of the third beam of the pump light and the main beam of the pump light; the first photoelectric detector is used for receiving and detecting the third beam of the pump light; the reflector, the first beam expander, the first polarizer and the quarter-wave plate are sequentially arranged on a light path of the main pump light beam, the reflector is used for adjusting the advancing direction of the main pump light beam, the first beam expander is used for expanding the spot size of the main pump light beam, and the first polarizer and the quarter-wave plate are used for adjusting the polarization state of the main pump light beam entering the atomic gas chamber;
the detection light path module is used for generating detection laser, the detection laser realizes magnetic field signal detection through an alkali metal atomic medium in an atomic gas chamber, and the detection laser comprises a detection laser controller, a detection laser, a second light splitting plate, a second half wave plate, a second polarization light splitting mirror, a second photoelectric detector, a second beam expanding mirror, a second polarizer, a focusing lens, a third half wave plate, a Wollaston prism and a balance detector; the detection laser emits detection laser, and the second beam splitter is used for splitting the detection laser into a first detection light beam and a second detection light beam; the detection laser controller is arranged on the light path of the first light beam of the detection light and is used for realizing the selection and locking of the detection laser frequency of the detection laser; the detection light modulation element and the second half-wave plate are sequentially arranged on a light path of the detection light second light beam, the second polarization beam splitter is used for dividing the detection light second light beam into a detection light third light beam and a detection light main light beam, and the second half-wave plate is positioned between the detection light modulation element and the second polarization beam splitter and is used for adjusting the optical power of the detection light third light beam and the detection light main light beam; the second photoelectric detector is used for receiving a third light beam of the detection light; the second beam expander and the second polarizer are sequentially arranged on the light path of the main beam of the detection light, the second beam expander is used for expanding the spot size of the main beam of the detection light, and the second polarizer is used for adjusting the polarization state of the main beam of the detection light entering the atomic gas chamber; the focusing lens is used for converging a main detection light beam passing through the atomic gas chamber, the main detection light beam is received by the balance detector after passing through the third half wave plate and the Wollaston prism, and the third half wave plate, the Wollaston prism and the balance detector are used for detecting the change of the polarization direction of the main detection light beam;
the temperature control module is used for controlling the temperature of the atomic gas chamber;
the signal analysis control module is used for controlling a driving signal of the light modulation module and resolving and detecting to obtain a magnetic field signal, and is respectively connected with the pump light modulation controller, the detection light modulation controller, the first photoelectric detector, the second photoelectric detector and the balance detector.
Preferably, the balanced detector is a balanced photodetector, and the output signal of the balanced detector is a differential result of detection signals of the two photoelectric probes.
Preferably, the temperature control module comprises a non-magnetic temperature sensor, an electric heating sheet and a temperature controller, wherein the non-magnetic temperature sensor is used for monitoring the temperature of the atomic gas chamber, and the electric heating sheet is used for heating the atomic gas chamber; the non-magnetic temperature sensor and the electric heating piece are both connected with the temperature controller, and the temperature controller is used for receiving temperature measuring signals of the non-magnetic temperature sensor and outputting corresponding temperature control signals to the electric heating piece.
Preferably, the signal analysis and display module comprises a conversion circuit and a data processing server;
the analog-to-digital conversion input end of the conversion circuit is respectively connected with the output end of the first photoelectric detector, the output end of the second photoelectric detector and the differential output end of the balance detector; the digital-to-analog conversion output end of the conversion circuit is respectively connected with the input end of the pump light modulation controller and the input end of the detection light modulation controller; the data processing server is connected with the conversion circuit.
The invention discloses a detection method based on the alkali metal atom spinning all-optical control system, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, assembling an alkali metal atom spinning all-optical control system according to a laser passing sequence and a connection relation between devices;
step two, pump laser emitted by the pump laser is divided into a first pump light beam and a second pump light beam through a first beam splitter, wherein: the first beam of the pump light is fed back to a pump laser controller for realizing the selection and locking of the frequency of the pump laser; the second pump light beam is modulated by the pump light modulation element and then is divided into a third pump light beam and a main pump light beam by the first one-half wave plate and the first polarization beam splitter, and the third pump light beam is received by the first photoelectric detector, converts an optical signal into an electric signal and is used for stably controlling the power of the pump light; the pump light main beam passes through the first beam expander to expand the size of a light spot, passes through the first polarizer and the quarter-wave plate and is converted into circularly polarized light by linearly polarized light, and the atom air chamber is irradiated;
the detection laser that the detection laser instrument sent divides into the first light beam of detection light and detection light second light beam behind the second beam splitting piece, wherein: the optical path of the first probe light beam is fed back to the probe laser controller for realizing the selection and locking of the probe laser frequency, the second probe light beam is modulated by the probe light modulation element and then divided into a third probe light beam and a main probe light beam by the second half-wave plate and the second polarization beam splitter, and the third probe light beam is received by the second photoelectric detector, converts an optical signal into an electric signal and is used for the stable control of the probe light power; the main beam of the detection light passes through the second beam expander to enlarge the size of a light spot, passes through the atomic gas chamber after passing through the second polarizer, the transmitted detection light beam is converged by the focusing lens, passes through the third half wave plate and the Wollaston prism and is received by the balance detector, and the third half wave plate, the Wollaston prism and the balance detector realize the detection of the change frequency of the polarization direction;
thirdly, the data processing server collects the power change of a third beam of the pump light output by the first photoelectric detector through the distribution of the conversion circuit, compares the power change with the target light power, and feeds back a bias control signal to the pump light modulation controller through the conversion circuit, controls the power of the main beam of the pump light output by the pump light modulation element, and regulates and controls the spin polarization of alkali metal atoms in the atomic gas chamber;
a conversion circuit in the signal analysis display module controls a pump light modulation controller to generate a sinusoidal driving signal with frequency changing near the spin resonance frequency of the alkali metal atoms, and controls the power of a main beam of pump light output by a pump light modulation element to change near the spin resonance frequency of the alkali metal atoms so as to excite the spin magnetic resonance of the alkali metal atoms in an atomic gas chamber;
a data processing server in the signal analysis display module outputs a carrier signal to a detection light modulation controller through a conversion circuit, the power of main beam light of detection light output by a detection light modulation element is controlled to change at a carrier frequency, meanwhile, the data processing server in the signal analysis display module acquires a detection laser polarization direction change signal output by a balance detector through the conversion circuit, the data processing server in the signal analysis display module demodulates the detection laser polarization direction change signal obtained by measurement at the carrier frequency, the precession frequency of alkali metal atom spin in an atom gas chamber is obtained, and magnetic field signal measurement is realized;
and in the second step and the third step, the temperature controller in the temperature control module is used for receiving the temperature measurement signal of the non-magnetic temperature sensor and outputting a corresponding temperature control signal to the electric heating sheet, so that the temperature of the atomic gas chamber is controlled.
Preferably, the temperature controller is internally provided with a closed-loop control mode.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an alkali metal atomic spin all-optical control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an alkali metal atomic spin all-optical control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the optical fiber laser comprises a 1-pumping optical path module, a 101-pumping laser controller, a 102-pumping laser, a 103-first light splitter, a 104-first one-half wave plate, a 105-first polarization light splitter, a 106-first photoelectric detector, a 107-reflector, a 108-first beam expander, a 109-first polarizer and a 110-one-quarter wave plate, wherein the 1-pumping optical path module is connected with the first light splitter;
2-detection optical path module, 201-detection laser controller, 202-detection laser, 203-second beam splitter, 204-second half wave plate, 205-second polarization beam splitter, 206-second photoelectric detector, 207-second beam expander, 208-second polarizer, 209-focusing lens, 210-third half wave plate, 211-Wollaston prism, 212-balance detector;
3-optical modulation module, 301-pump optical modulation element, 302-pump optical modulation controller, 303-probe optical modulation element, 304-probe optical modulation controller;
4-atomic gas cell;
5-temperature control module, 501-no magnetic temperature sensor, 502-electric heating plate, 503-temperature controller;
6-signal analysis display module, 601-conversion circuit, 602-data processing server;
1A-pump light first beam, 1B-pump light second beam, 1C-pump light third beam, 1D-pump light main beam; 2A-first light beam of detection light, 2B-second light beam of detection light, 2C-third light beam of detection light and 2D-main light beam of detection light.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways, which are defined and covered by the claims.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1, an alkali metal atom spin all-optical control system includes a pumping optical path module 1, a detection optical path module 2, an optical modulation module 3, an atom gas chamber 4, a temperature control module 5, and a signal analysis and display module 6, where the pumping optical path module is used to generate pumping laser to polarize an alkali metal atom medium in the atom gas chamber; the detection light path module is used for generating detection laser, and the detection laser realizes magnetic field signal detection through an alkali metal atomic medium in an atomic gas chamber; the light modulation module is used for generating an alkali metal atom spin polarization regulation signal, an alkali metal atom spin resonance excitation signal and an alkali metal atom spin detection regulation signal; the temperature control module is used for controlling the temperature of the atomic gas chamber; the signal analysis control module is respectively connected with the light modulation module, the detection light path module and the pumping light path module, and is used for controlling the driving signal of the light modulation module and resolving detection to obtain a magnetic field signal.
The detailed structure of the all-optical alkali metal atomic spin control system of this embodiment is shown in fig. 2, which is as follows:
the optical modulation module 3 comprises a pump optical modulation element 301, a pump optical modulation controller 302, a probe optical modulation element 303 and a probe optical modulation controller 304; the output end of the pump light modulation controller 302 is connected with the pump light modulation element 301 and is used for generating a driving signal of the pump light modulation element 301; the output of the detection light modulation controller 304 is connected to the detection light modulation element 303 for generating a driving signal of the detection light modulation element 303.
The pump optical path module 1 includes a pump laser controller 101, a pump laser 102, a first beam splitter 103, a first one-half wave plate 104, a first polarization beam splitter 105, a first photodetector 106, a reflecting mirror 107, a first beam expander 108, a first polarizer 109, and a one-quarter wave plate 110, and the details are as follows:
the pump laser 102 is used for emitting pump laser;
the first light splitter 103 is configured to split the pump laser into a pump light first beam 1A and a pump light second beam 1B; the pump laser controller 101 is arranged on the optical path of the first pump light beam 1A and is used for selecting and locking the pump laser frequency of the pump laser 102;
the pumping light modulation element 301 and the first quarter wave plate 104 are sequentially arranged on the optical path of the pumping light second beam 1B; the first polarization beam splitter 105 is configured to split the pump light second light beam 1B into a pump light third light beam 1C and a pump light main light beam 1D, the first one-half wave plate 104 is located between the pump light modulation element 301 and the first polarization beam splitter 105, the first one-half wave plate 104 is configured to adjust optical powers of the pump light third light beam 1C and the pump light main light beam 1D, and the pump light modulation element 301 is configured to modulate a pump light power entering the atomic gas cell 4;
the first photodetector 106 is configured to receive the third beam of detection pump light 1C;
the reflecting mirror 107, the first beam expander 108, the first beam deflector 109 and the quarter wave plate 110 are sequentially arranged on the light path of the main pump light beam 1D, the reflecting mirror 107 is used for adjusting the advancing direction of the main pump light beam 1D, the first beam expander 108 is used for enlarging the spot size of the main pump light beam 1D, and the first beam expander 109 and the quarter wave plate 110 are used for adjusting the polarization state of the main pump light beam 1D entering the atomic gas chamber 4.
The detection light path module 2 is configured to generate detection laser, the detection laser realizes magnetic field signal detection through an alkali metal atom medium in the atom gas chamber 4, and includes a detection laser controller 201, a detection laser 202, a second dichroic plate 203, a second half-wave plate 204, a second polarization beam splitter 205, a second photodetector 206, a second beam expander 207, a second polarizer 208, a focusing lens 209, a third half-wave plate 210, a wollaston prism 211, and a balance detector 212, which are detailed as follows:
the detection laser 202 emits detection laser light;
the second beam splitter 203 is used for splitting the detection laser into a first detection light beam 2A and a second detection light beam 2B; the detection laser controller 201 is arranged on the optical path of the first detection light beam 2A and is used for selecting and locking the detection laser frequency of the detection laser 202;
the detection light modulating element 303 and the second half-wave plate 204 are sequentially disposed on the optical path of the detection light second light beam 2B, the second polarization beam splitter 205 is configured to split the detection light second light beam 2B into a detection light third light beam 2C and a detection light main light beam 2D, the second half-wave plate 204 is located between the detection light modulating element 303 and the second polarization beam splitter 205, and is configured to adjust the optical powers of the detection light third light beam 2C and the detection light main light beam 2D, and the detection light modulating element 303 is configured to modulate the detection light power entering the atomic gas cell 4;
the second photodetector 206 is configured to receive a third light beam 2C of detection light;
the second beam expander 207 and the second polarizer 208 are sequentially arranged on the light path of the main detection light beam 2D, the second beam expander 207 is used for expanding the light spot size of the main detection light beam 2D, and the second polarizer 208 is used for adjusting the polarization state of the main detection light beam 2D entering the atomic gas chamber; the main beam 2D of the detection light is used for realizing magnetic field signal detection through the atomic gas chamber 4; the focusing lens 209 is configured to converge the main detection light beam 2D passing through the atomic gas cell 4, the main detection light beam 2D passes through the third half-wave plate 210 and the wollaston prism 211 and is received by the balanced detector 212, and the third half-wave plate 210, the wollaston prism 211 and the balanced detector 212 are configured to detect a change in the polarization direction of the main detection light beam 2D. The balanced detector 212 is a balanced photodetector, and its output signal is the difference result of the detection signals of the two photoelectric probes.
The temperature control module 5 is used for controlling the temperature of the atomic gas chamber 4, and comprises a non-magnetic temperature sensor 501, an electric heating piece 502 and a temperature controller 503, wherein the non-magnetic temperature sensor 501 is used for monitoring the temperature of the atomic gas chamber 4, and the electric heating piece 502 is used for heating the atomic gas chamber 4; the non-magnetic temperature sensor 501 and the electric heating piece 502 are both connected with a temperature controller 503, and the temperature controller 503 is used for receiving a temperature measurement signal of the non-magnetic temperature sensor 501 and outputting a corresponding temperature control signal to the electric heating piece 502.
The signal analysis control module 6 is used for controlling the driving signal of the light modulation module and resolving and detecting to obtain a magnetic field signal, and comprises a conversion circuit 601 and a data processing server 602; an analog-to-digital conversion input end of the conversion circuit 601 is respectively connected with an output end of the first photodetector 106, an output end of the second photodetector 206 and a differential output end of the balanced detector 212; the digital-to-analog conversion output end of the conversion circuit 106 is respectively connected with the input end of the pump light modulation controller 302 and the input end of the detection light modulation controller 304; the data processing server 602 and the conversion circuit 601.
The alkali metal atomic spin all-optical control system of the embodiment is applied to detection, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, assembling an alkali metal atom spinning all-optical control system according to a laser passing sequence and a connection relation between devices;
step two, pump laser emitted by the pump laser is divided into a first pump light beam and a second pump light beam through a first beam splitter, wherein: the first beam of the pump light is fed back to a pump laser controller for realizing the selection and locking of the frequency of the pump laser; the second pump light beam is modulated by the pump light modulation element and then is divided into a third pump light beam and a main pump light beam by the first one-half wave plate and the first polarization beam splitter, and the third pump light beam is received by the first photoelectric detector, converts an optical signal into an electric signal and is used for stably controlling the power of the pump light; the pump light main beam passes through the first beam expander to expand the size of a light spot, passes through the first polarizer and the quarter-wave plate and is converted into circularly polarized light by linearly polarized light, and the atom air chamber is irradiated;
the detection laser that the detection laser instrument sent divides into the first light beam of detection light and detection light second light beam behind the second beam splitting piece, wherein: the optical path of the first probe light beam is fed back to the probe laser controller for realizing the selection and locking of the probe laser frequency, the second probe light beam is modulated by the probe light modulation element and then divided into a third probe light beam and a main probe light beam by the second half-wave plate and the second polarization beam splitter, and the third probe light beam is received by the second photoelectric detector, converts an optical signal into an electric signal and is used for the stable control of the probe light power; the main beam of the detection light passes through the second beam expander to enlarge the size of a light spot, passes through the atomic gas chamber after passing through the second polarizer, the transmitted detection light beam is converged by the focusing lens, passes through the third half wave plate and the Wollaston prism and is received by the balance detector, and the third half wave plate, the Wollaston prism and the balance detector realize the detection of the change frequency of the polarization direction;
thirdly, the data processing server collects the power change of a third beam of the pump light output by the first photoelectric detector through the distribution of the conversion circuit, compares the power change with the target light power, and feeds back a bias control signal to the pump light modulation controller through the conversion circuit, controls the power of the main beam of the pump light output by the pump light modulation element, and regulates and controls the spin polarization of alkali metal atoms in the atomic gas chamber;
the data processing server controls the pump light modulation controller to generate a sinusoidal driving signal with the frequency changing near the spin resonance frequency of the alkali metal atoms through the conversion circuit, controls the power of the main beam light of the pump light output by the pump light modulation element to change near the spin resonance frequency of the alkali metal atoms, and excites the spin magnetic resonance of the alkali metal atoms in the atomic gas chamber;
the data processing server outputs a carrier signal to the detection light modulation controller through the conversion circuit, the power of the main beam light of the detection light output by the detection light modulation element is controlled to change at a carrier frequency, meanwhile, the data processing server acquires a detection laser polarization direction change signal output by the balance detector through the conversion circuit, and the data processing server demodulates the detection laser polarization direction change signal obtained through measurement at the carrier frequency to obtain the precession frequency of the spin of the alkali metal atoms in the atom gas chamber, so that the measurement of the magnetic field signal is realized;
in this embodiment, the temperature controller is configured to receive a temperature measurement signal of the nonmagnetic temperature sensor and output a corresponding temperature control signal to the electrical heating sheet, so as to control the temperature of the atomic gas chamber. Preferably, the temperature controller is internally provided with a closed-loop control mode.
The scheme of the embodiment is specifically applied as follows:
1. the invention provides an alkali metal atom spinning all-optical control system, which aims at three physical processes of realizing magnetic field measurement of an atomic magnetometer, realizes alkali metal atom spinning optical polarization by using the interaction of light and atoms and an optical modulation means, maintains the magnetic resonance of alkali metal atom spinning in an environmental magnetic field and reads the resonance frequency of the atom spinning. The system uses the optical field to realize the regulation and control of all physical processes in the atomic magnetometer, and can solve the problem of clock alignment in the alkali metal atom spinning regulation and control. Meanwhile, the alkali metal atom spinning all-optical control system provided by the invention can further develop the miniaturization and integration potential of the atom magnetometer, and the on-chip atom magnetic detection device can be obtained by utilizing an integrated optical path design process.
2. The invention adopts independent pump light modulation and detection light modulation structures, utilizes the pump light modulation to generate alkali metal atom spin resonance excitation signals, and utilizes the detection light to detect the alkali metal atom spin precession signals, thereby effectively avoiding the influence of the frequency of the excitation signals in the atom spin precession frequency measurement signals and obtaining more accurate magnetic field measurement results.
3. In the driving signals of the pump light modulation and the detection light modulation, corresponding offset is added in the driving signals of the light modulation element according to the output signals of the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector, so that the slow-changing drifting of the pump laser and the detection laser can be inhibited, the stability of the laser power is realized, and the method has important significance for improving the long-term measurement performance of the atomic magnetometer.
4. The first beam expander and the second beam expander with adjustable amplification factors are arranged, so that the diameter of a laser beam can be adjusted, and the laser covers an atomic gas chamber.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An all-optical control system for alkali metal atomic spin is characterized by comprising a pumping light path module (1), a detection light path module (2), an optical modulation module (3), an atomic gas chamber (4), a temperature control module (5) and a signal analysis display module (6);
the optical modulation module (3) is used for generating an alkali metal atom spin polarization regulation signal, an alkali metal atom spin resonance excitation signal and an alkali metal atom spin detection regulation signal, and comprises a pump optical modulation element (301), a pump optical modulation controller (302), a detection light modulation element (303) and a detection light modulation controller (304); the output end of the pump light modulation controller (302) is connected with the pump light modulation element (301) and is used for generating a driving signal of the pump light modulation element (301); the output end of the detection light modulation controller (304) is connected with the detection light modulation element (303) and used for generating a driving signal of the detection light modulation element (303);
the pumping optical path module (1) is used for generating an alkali metal atom medium in a pumping laser polarization atom gas chamber (4), and comprises a pumping laser controller (101), a pumping laser (102), a first light splitter (103), a first one-half wave plate (104), a first polarization light splitter (105), a first photoelectric detector (106), a reflecting mirror (107), a first beam expander (108), a first polarizer (109) and a one-quarter wave plate (110); the pump laser (102) is used for emitting pump laser light; the first light splitter (103) is used for splitting the pump laser into a pump light first beam (1A) and a pump light second beam (1B); the pump laser controller (101) is arranged on the optical path of the first pump light beam (1A) and is used for selecting and locking the pump laser frequency of the pump laser (102); the pumping light modulation element (301) and the first one-half wave plate (104) are sequentially arranged on the optical path of the pumping light second beam (1B); the first polarization beam splitter (105) is used for splitting the pump light second light beam (1B) into a pump light third light beam (1C) and a pump light main light beam (1D), the first one-half wave plate (104) is located between the pump light modulation element (301) and the first polarization beam splitter (105), and the first one-half wave plate (104) is used for adjusting the optical power of the pump light third light beam (1C) and the pump light main light beam (1D); the first photoelectric detector (106) is used for receiving the third beam (1C) of the detection pump light; the reflection mirror (107), the first beam expander (108), the first polarizer (109) and the quarter wave plate (110) are sequentially arranged on a light path of the main pump light beam (1D), the reflection mirror (107) is used for adjusting the advancing direction of the main pump light beam (1D), the first beam expander (108) is used for expanding the spot size of the main pump light beam (1D), and the first polarizer (109) and the quarter wave plate (110) are used for adjusting the polarization state of the main pump light beam (1D) entering the atomic gas chamber (4);
the detection light path module (2) is used for generating detection laser, the detection laser realizes magnetic field signal detection through an alkali metal atom medium in an atom gas chamber (4), and the detection laser comprises a detection laser controller (201), a detection laser (202), a second beam splitter (203), a second half wave plate (204), a second polarization beam splitter (205), a second photoelectric detector (206), a second beam expander (207), a second polarizer (208), a focusing lens (209), a third half wave plate (210), a Wollaston prism (211) and a balance detector (212); the detection laser (202) emits detection laser, and the second beam splitter (203) is used for splitting the detection laser into a first detection light beam (2A) and a second detection light beam (2B); the detection laser controller (201) is arranged on the light path of the first detection light beam (2A) and is used for realizing selection and locking of the detection laser frequency of the detection laser (202); the detection light modulation element (303) and the second half-wave plate (204) are sequentially arranged on the optical path of the detection light second light beam (2B), the second polarization beam splitter (205) is used for splitting the detection light second light beam (2B) into a detection light third light beam (2C) and a detection light main light beam (2D), and the second half-wave plate (204) is located between the detection light modulation element (303) and the second polarization beam splitter (205) and used for adjusting the optical power of the detection light third light beam (2C) and the detection light main light beam (2D); the second photodetector (206) is configured to receive a third beam of probe light (2C); the second beam expander (207) and the second polarizer (208) are sequentially arranged on the light path of the main probe light beam (2D), the second beam expander (207) is used for expanding the spot size of the main probe light beam (2D), and the second polarizer (208) is used for adjusting the polarization state of the main probe light beam (2D) entering the atomic gas chamber; the focusing lens (209) is used for converging a main detection light beam (2D) passing through the atomic gas chamber (4), the main detection light beam (2D) is received by the balance detector (212) after passing through a third half wave plate (210) and the Wollaston prism (211), and the third half wave plate (210), the Wollaston prism (211) and the balance detector (212) are used for detecting the change of the polarization direction of the main detection light beam (2D);
the temperature control module (5) is used for controlling the temperature of the atomic gas chamber (4);
the signal analysis and display module (6) is used for controlling a driving signal of the light modulation module and resolving and detecting to obtain a magnetic field signal, and is respectively connected with the pumping light modulation controller (302), the detection light modulation controller (304), the first photoelectric detector (106), the second photoelectric detector (206) and the balance detector (212).
2. The alkali metal atom spin all-optical control system according to claim 1, wherein the balanced detector (212) is a balanced photodetector, and the output signal is the difference result of the detection signals of the two photoelectric probes.
3. The alkali metal atom spin holooptical control system according to claim 1, wherein the temperature control module (5) comprises a non-magnetic temperature sensor (501), an electric heating sheet (502) and a temperature controller (503), the non-magnetic temperature sensor (501) is used for monitoring the temperature of the atom gas chamber (4), and the electric heating sheet (502) is used for heating the atom gas chamber (4); the non-magnetic temperature sensor (501) and the electric heating piece (502) are both connected with a temperature controller (503), and the temperature controller (503) is used for receiving a temperature measuring signal of the non-magnetic temperature sensor (501) and outputting a corresponding temperature control signal to the electric heating piece (502).
4. The alkali metal atom spin all-optical control system according to claim 1, wherein the signal analysis display module (6) comprises a conversion circuit (601) and a data processing server (602);
the analog-to-digital conversion input end of the conversion circuit (601) is respectively connected with the output end of the first photoelectric detector (106), the output end of the second photoelectric detector (206) and the differential output end of the balance detector (212); the digital-to-analog conversion output end of the conversion circuit (601) is respectively connected with the input end of the pump light modulation controller (302) and the input end of the detection light modulation controller (304); the data processing server (602) is connected with the conversion circuit (601).
5. A detection method based on the alkali metal atomic spin all-optical control system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, assembling an alkali metal atom spinning all-optical control system according to a laser passing sequence and a connection relation between devices;
step two, pump laser emitted by the pump laser is divided into a first pump light beam and a second pump light beam through a first beam splitter, wherein: the first beam of the pump light is fed back to a pump laser controller for realizing the selection and locking of the frequency of the pump laser; the second pump light beam is modulated by the pump light modulation element and then is divided into a third pump light beam and a main pump light beam by the first one-half wave plate and the first polarization beam splitter, and the third pump light beam is received by the first photoelectric detector, converts an optical signal into an electric signal and is used for stably controlling the power of the pump light; the pump light main beam passes through the first beam expander to expand the size of a light spot, passes through the first polarizer and the quarter-wave plate and is converted into circularly polarized light by linearly polarized light, and the atom air chamber is irradiated;
the detection laser that the detection laser instrument sent divides into the first light beam of detection light and detection light second light beam behind the second beam splitting piece, wherein: the optical path of the first probe light beam is fed back to the probe laser controller for realizing the selection and locking of the probe laser frequency, the second probe light beam is modulated by the probe light modulation element and then divided into a third probe light beam and a main probe light beam by the second half-wave plate and the second polarization beam splitter, and the third probe light beam is received by the second photoelectric detector, converts an optical signal into an electric signal and is used for the stable control of the probe light power; the main beam of the detection light passes through the second beam expander to enlarge the size of a light spot, passes through the atomic gas chamber after passing through the second polarizer, the transmitted detection light beam is converged by the focusing lens, passes through the third half wave plate and the Wollaston prism and is received by the balance detector, and the third half wave plate, the Wollaston prism and the balance detector realize the detection of the change frequency of the polarization direction;
thirdly, the data processing server collects the power change of a third beam of the pump light output by the first photoelectric detector through the distribution of the conversion circuit, compares the power change with the target light power, and feeds back a bias control signal to the pump light modulation controller through the conversion circuit, controls the power of the main beam of the pump light output by the pump light modulation element, and regulates and controls the spin polarization of alkali metal atoms in the atomic gas chamber;
a conversion circuit in the signal analysis display module controls a pump light modulation controller to generate a sinusoidal driving signal with frequency changing near the spin resonance frequency of the alkali metal atoms, and controls the power of a main beam of pump light output by a pump light modulation element to change near the spin resonance frequency of the alkali metal atoms so as to excite the spin magnetic resonance of the alkali metal atoms in an atomic gas chamber;
a data processing server in the signal analysis display module outputs a carrier signal to a detection light modulation controller through a conversion circuit, the power of main beam light of detection light output by a detection light modulation element is controlled to change at a carrier frequency, meanwhile, the data processing server in the signal analysis display module acquires a detection laser polarization direction change signal output by a balance detector through the conversion circuit, the data processing server in the signal analysis display module demodulates the detection laser polarization direction change signal obtained by measurement at the carrier frequency, the precession frequency of alkali metal atom spin in an atom gas chamber is obtained, and magnetic field signal measurement is realized;
and in the second step and the third step, the temperature controller in the temperature control module is used for receiving the temperature measurement signal of the non-magnetic temperature sensor and outputting a corresponding temperature control signal to the electric heating sheet, so that the temperature of the atomic gas chamber is controlled.
6. The detection method according to claim 5, wherein the temperature controller is internally provided with a closed-loop control mode.
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| CN114442005B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-09-12 | 北京自动化控制设备研究所 | Method and system for inhibiting heading error of atomic magnetometer |
| CN114895729B (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2023-08-29 | 上海理工大学 | Alkali metal air chamber laser heating device based on in-situ control |
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