CN108248187B - 一种抗菌型遮阳网布的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗菌型遮阳网布的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108248187B
CN108248187B CN201711472907.8A CN201711472907A CN108248187B CN 108248187 B CN108248187 B CN 108248187B CN 201711472907 A CN201711472907 A CN 201711472907A CN 108248187 B CN108248187 B CN 108248187B
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screen cloth
preparation
fiber
spinning
fibre
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CN108248187A (zh
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阙群明
陈亚明
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Suzhou City's Sun Technology Co Ltd
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    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
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    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
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    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/44—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
    • D01F6/46—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyolefins
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗菌型遮阳网布的制备方法，首先分别制备三层复合材料结构：外抗菌材料层网布，内遮阳基层网布，中间透气层网布；再将三层网布通过加热辊筒温度的调整变化，进行预热、熔融，在胶黏剂的辅助下，通过橡胶辊与铁辊按顺序压合、再经过冷却定型而成；工艺条件为：外抗菌层网布预热温度为55℃；内遮阳基层网布预热温度为70℃，中间透气层网布预热温度为75℃；橡胶辊与铁辊压合压力为46‑49kg/cm2。制备而成的遮阳网布，与现有技术相比，具有以下优点：遮阳性能强；又具有强抗菌防霉性能，耐腐蚀耐化学性能强，避免其他易挥发迁移小分子外添加剂的添加，成品化学性能稳定，不易发生迁移挥发，具有持久的抗菌防霉性能，使用寿命长。

Description

一种抗菌型遮阳网布的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及遮阳材料领域，尤其涉及一种抗菌型遮阳网布的制备方法。
背景技术
遮阳网，是近10余年来推广的一种最新型的农、渔、牧业、防风、盖土等专用的保护覆盖材料。夏季覆盖后起到一种挡光、挡雨、保湿、降温的作用。冬春季覆盖后还有一定的保温增湿作用。主要用于蔬菜、香菇、花卉、食用菌、苗木、药材、人参、灵芝等作物的保护性栽培和水产家禽养殖业等，对提高产量等有明显的效果。
传统的遮阳网是采用聚乙烯，高密度聚乙烯、PE、PB、PVC、回收料、全新料等为原材料，添加紫外线稳定剂、抗菌整理剂等以及防氧化处理制备而成，具有抗拉力强、耐老化、耐腐蚀、耐辐射、轻便等特点。实际上传统遮阳网的制备主材料纤维并非具有抗菌防霉的能力，是通过外添加剂的作用下才能达到相应效果，但是外添加剂的方法存在一定的弊端，容易发生小分子的迁移从而造成抗菌效果持久性不佳的缺点。
如何从遮阳网布本身的制备材料出发以增加其抗菌抗老化能力，减少外添加抗菌剂的使用，将会一定程度上解决上述问题。
发明内容
发明目的：为了解决现有技术中所存在的问题，本发明提出了一种具有优异的抗菌防霉性能，化学性能稳定，使用寿命长，具有持久的遮阳抗菌效果的抗菌型遮阳网布的制备方法。
技术方案：为达以上目的，本发明采取以下技术方案：
一种抗菌型遮阳网布的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)外抗菌层网布的制备：纺丝材料中的经纱以质量计包括：添加了20％-30％的微藻提取物的聚丙烯纤维30％-50％、银离子纤维15％-25％、余量的抗菌植物纤维；纬纱以质量计包括：添加20％-30％的微藻提取物的聚丙烯纤维40％-60％、余量的银离子纤维；经纱和纬纱以45°/135°的角度进行交错纺丝，纺丝工艺中预结晶温度为110℃；干燥温度为160℃；
(2)内遮阳基层网布的制备：纺丝材料中的经纱以质量计包括：聚乙烯纤维40％-50％、涤纶纤维15％-25％、余量的大豆纤维；纬纱以质量计包括：聚乙烯纤维50％-60％、余量的大豆纤维；经纱和纬纱以60°/120°的角度进行交错纺丝，纺丝工艺中预结晶温度为120℃；干燥温度为150℃；
(3)中间透气层网布的制备：纺丝材料中的经纱以质量计包括：氨纶纤维40％-60％、余量的醋酸纤维；纬纱以质量计包括：氨纶纤维20％-30％、余量的醋酸纤维；经纱和纬纱以45°/135°的角度进行交错纺丝，纺丝工艺中预结晶温度为130℃；干燥温度为160℃；
(4)三层材料的复合：将三层网布通过加热辊筒温度的调整变化，进行预热、熔融，在胶黏剂的辅助下，通过橡胶辊与铁辊按顺序压合、再经过冷却定型而成；工艺条件为：外抗菌层网布预热温度为55℃；内遮阳基层网布预热温度为70℃，中间透气层网布预热温度为75℃；橡胶辊与铁辊压合压力为46-49kg/cm2。
更为优选的，所述外抗菌材料层厚度为0.2-0.4mm。
更为优选的，所述内遮阳基层厚度为0.1-0.2mm。
更为优选的，所述中间透气层厚度为0.2-0.4mm。
更为优选的，所述微藻提取物提取至蓝隐藻、甲藻中的一种或两种混合。
进一步的，所述微藻提取物提取至蓝隐藻、甲藻二者4:1的混合物。
更为优选的，所述抗菌植物纤维提取至鱼腥草、地锦草、马齿苋中的一种或多种混合。
更为优选的，所述涤纶纤维为涤纶长丝。
更为优选的，所述聚乙烯纤维为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维。
有益效果：本发明提供的一种抗菌型遮阳网布的制备方法至制备而成的遮阳网布，具有以下优点：遮阳性能强；又具有强抗菌防霉性能，耐腐蚀耐化学性能强，避免其他易挥发迁移小分子外添加剂的添加，成品化学性能稳定，不易发生迁移挥发，具有持久的抗菌防霉性能，使用寿命长。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
一种抗菌型遮阳网布的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)外抗菌层网布的制备：纺丝材料中的经纱以质量计包括：添加了20％的微藻提取物的聚丙烯纤维30％、银离子纤维25％、余量的抗菌植物纤维；纬纱以质量计包括：添加20％的微藻提取物的聚丙烯纤维40％、余量的银离子纤维；经纱和纬纱以45°/135°的角度进行交错纺丝，纺丝工艺中预结晶温度为110℃；干燥温度为160℃；
(2)内遮阳基层网布的制备：纺丝材料中的经纱以质量计包括：聚乙烯纤维40％、涤纶纤维25％、余量的大豆纤维；纬纱以质量计包括：聚乙烯纤维50％、余量的大豆纤维；经纱和纬纱以60°/120°的角度进行交错纺丝，纺丝工艺中预结晶温度为120℃；干燥温度为150℃；
(3)中间透气层网布的制备：纺丝材料中的经纱以质量计包括：氨纶纤维40％、余量的醋酸纤维；纬纱以质量计包括：氨纶纤维20％、余量的醋酸纤维；经纱和纬纱以45°/135°的角度进行交错纺丝，纺丝工艺中预结晶温度为130℃；干燥温度为160℃；
(4)三层材料的复合：将三层网布通过加热辊筒温度的调整变化，进行预热、熔融，在胶黏剂的辅助下，通过橡胶辊与铁辊按顺序压合、再经过冷却定型而成；工艺条件为：外抗菌层网布预热温度为55℃；内遮阳基层网布预热温度为70℃，中间透气层网布预热温度为75℃；橡胶辊与铁辊压合压力为46kg/cm2。
其中，所述外抗菌材料层厚度为0.2mm；所述内遮阳基层厚度为0.2mm；所述中间透气层厚度为0.4mm；所述微藻提取物提取至蓝隐藻、甲藻二者3:1的混合物；所述抗菌植物纤维提取至鱼腥草、地锦草、马齿苋三者质量比为1:3:1的混合物；所述涤纶纤维为涤纶长丝；所述聚乙烯纤维为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维。
实施例2：
一种抗菌型遮阳网布的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)外抗菌层网布的制备：纺丝材料中的经纱以质量计包括：添加了30％的微藻提取物的聚丙烯纤维50％、银离子纤维15％、余量的抗菌植物纤维；纬纱以质量计包括：添加30％的微藻提取物的聚丙烯纤维60％、余量的银离子纤维；经纱和纬纱以45°/135°的角度进行交错纺丝，纺丝工艺中预结晶温度为110℃；干燥温度为160℃；
(2)内遮阳基层网布的制备：纺丝材料中的经纱以质量计包括：聚乙烯纤维50％、涤纶纤维15％、余量的大豆纤维；纬纱以质量计包括：聚乙烯纤维60％、余量的大豆纤维；经纱和纬纱以60°/120°的角度进行交错纺丝，纺丝工艺中预结晶温度为120℃；干燥温度为150℃；
(3)中间透气层网布的制备：纺丝材料中的经纱以质量计包括：氨纶纤维60％、余量的醋酸纤维；纬纱以质量计包括：氨纶纤维30％、余量的醋酸纤维；经纱和纬纱以45°/135°的角度进行交错纺丝，纺丝工艺中预结晶温度为130℃；干燥温度为160℃；
(4)三层材料的复合：将三层网布通过加热辊筒温度的调整变化，进行预热、熔融，在胶黏剂的辅助下，通过橡胶辊与铁辊按顺序压合、再经过冷却定型而成；工艺条件为：外抗菌层网布预热温度为55℃；内遮阳基层网布预热温度为70℃，中间透气层网布预热温度为75℃；橡胶辊与铁辊压合压力为49kg/cm2。
其中，所述外抗菌材料层厚度为0.4mm；所述内遮阳基层厚度为0.1mm；所述中间透气层厚度为0.2mm；所述微藻提取物提取至蓝隐藻、甲藻二者4:3的混合物；所述抗菌植物纤维提取至鱼腥草、地锦草二者质量比为1:4的混合物；所述涤纶纤维为涤纶长丝；所述聚乙烯纤维为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维。
实施例3：
一种抗菌型遮阳网布的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)外抗菌层网布的制备：纺丝材料中的经纱以质量计包括：添加了25％的微藻提取物的聚丙烯纤维40％、银离子纤维20％、余量的抗菌植物纤维；纬纱以质量计包括：添加25％的微藻提取物的聚丙烯纤维50％、余量的银离子纤维；经纱和纬纱以45°/135°的角度进行交错纺丝，纺丝工艺中预结晶温度为110℃；干燥温度为160℃；
(2)内遮阳基层网布的制备：纺丝材料中的经纱以质量计包括：聚乙烯纤维45％、涤纶纤维20％、余量的大豆纤维；纬纱以质量计包括：聚乙烯纤维55％、余量的大豆纤维；经纱和纬纱以60°/120°的角度进行交错纺丝，纺丝工艺中预结晶温度为120℃；干燥温度为150℃；
(3)中间透气层网布的制备：纺丝材料中的经纱以质量计包括：氨纶纤维50％、余量的醋酸纤维；纬纱以质量计包括：氨纶纤维25％、余量的醋酸纤维；经纱和纬纱以45°/135°的角度进行交错纺丝，纺丝工艺中预结晶温度为130℃；干燥温度为160℃；
(4)三层材料的复合：将三层网布通过加热辊筒温度的调整变化，进行预热、熔融，在胶黏剂的辅助下，通过橡胶辊与铁辊按顺序压合、再经过冷却定型而成；工艺条件为：外抗菌层网布预热温度为55℃；内遮阳基层网布预热温度为70℃，中间透气层网布预热温度为75℃；橡胶辊与铁辊压合压力为48kg/cm2。
其中，所述外抗菌材料层厚度为0.3mm；所述内遮阳基层厚度为0.15mm；所述中间透气层厚度为0.3mm；所述微藻提取物提取至蓝隐藻、甲藻二者4:1的混合物；所述抗菌植物纤维提取至鱼腥草、地锦草、马齿苋三者质量比为2:1:2的混合物；所述涤纶纤维为涤纶长丝；所述聚乙烯纤维为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维。
将上述实施例1-3制备的一种抗菌型遮阳网布与市售普通遮阳网布(随机选取销量及口碑较好的滨州凯宁网业有限公司生产的黑色遮阳网布)进行抗菌性能以及遮光率性能测试对比，测试结果见表1：
其中抗菌性能测试方法依据，《QB/T2591-2003抗菌塑料的抗菌性能试验方法》，具体为：将一定量的孢子悬浮液滴在待测样品和培养基上，通过直接观测长霉程度来评价抗霉菌性能。接种好菌液，在温度28℃，相对湿度90％RH以上的条件下培养28d，然后取样立刻观测记录数据。
0级为不长，即显微镜(放大50倍)下观察没见霉菌生长；
1级为痕迹生长，即肉眼可见生长，但生长覆盖面积不超过10％；
2级为生长面积超过10％。
表1实施例1-3与市售产品对比
遮光率 抗菌防霉等级 综合性能评价
实施例1 97.8％ 0级 强抗霉菌作用，遮光性能佳
实施例2 96.2％ 0级 强抗霉菌作用，遮光性能佳
实施例3 98.5％ 0级 强抗霉菌作用，遮光性能佳
市售产品 85％ 1级别 抗霉菌作用，遮光性能一般
从上表数据可以看出，本发明制备的抗菌型遮阳网布兼具良好的遮阳性能与抗菌防霉性能。

Claims (9)

1.一种抗菌型遮阳网布的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
（1）外抗菌层网布的制备：纺丝材料中的经纱以质量计包括：添加了20%-30%的微藻提取物的聚丙烯纤维30%-50%、银离子纤维15%-25%、余量的抗菌植物纤维；纬纱以质量计包括：添加20%-30%的微藻提取物的聚丙烯纤维40%-60%、余量的银离子纤维；经纱和纬纱以45°/135°的角度进行交错纺丝，纺丝工艺中预结晶温度为110℃；干燥温度为160℃；
（2）内遮阳基层网布的制备：纺丝材料中的经纱以质量计包括：聚乙烯纤维40%-50%、涤纶纤维15%-25%、余量的大豆纤维；纬纱以质量计包括：聚乙烯纤维50%-60%、余量的大豆纤维；经纱和纬纱以60°/120°的角度进行交错纺丝，纺丝工艺中预结晶温度为120℃；干燥温度为150℃；
（3）中间透气层网布的制备：纺丝材料中的经纱以质量计包括：氨纶纤维40%-60%、余量的醋酸纤维；纬纱以质量计包括：氨纶纤维20%-30%、余量的醋酸纤维；经纱和纬纱以45°/135°的角度进行交错纺丝，纺丝工艺中预结晶温度为130℃；干燥温度为160℃；
（4）三层材料的复合：将三层网布通过加热辊筒温度的调整变化，进行预热、熔融，在胶黏剂的辅助下，通过橡胶辊与铁辊按顺序压合、再经过冷却定型而成；工艺条件为：外抗菌层网布预热温度为55℃；内遮阳基层网布预热温度为70℃，中间透气层网布预热温度为75℃；橡胶辊与铁辊压合压力为46-49kg/cm2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌型遮阳网布的制备方法，其特征在于：所述外抗菌层网布厚度为0.2-0.4mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌型遮阳网布的制备方法，其特征在于：所述内遮阳基层网布厚度为0.1-0.2mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌型遮阳网布的制备方法，其特征在于：所述中间透气层网布厚度为0.2-0.4mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌型遮阳网布的制备方法，其特征在于：所述微藻提取物提取自蓝隐藻、甲藻中的一种或两种混合。
6.根据权利要求5所述的抗菌型遮阳网布的制备方法，其特征在于：所述微藻提取物提取自蓝隐藻、甲藻二者4:1的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌型遮阳网布的制备方法，其特征在于：所述抗菌植物纤维中的抗菌成分提取自鱼腥草、地锦草、马齿苋中的一种或多种混合。
8.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌型遮阳网布的制备方法，其特征在于：所述涤纶纤维为涤纶长丝。
9.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌型遮阳网布的制备方法，其特征在于：所述聚乙烯纤维为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维。
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