CN108242427B - 电子制品的封装结构及封装工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种电子制品的封装结构及封装工艺,电子制品的封装结构包括一支撑结构、一软板以及一包覆层。支撑结构具有一形状。软板叠置于支撑结构上,软板上具有一电子元件。包覆层贴附在相互叠置的支撑结构及软板上,并覆盖电子元件,其中软板与包覆层的形状与支撑结构的形状共形,且软板与电子元件紧密地包覆于包覆层与支撑结构之间,包覆层包括相叠的一热成型膜层以及至少一功能膜层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制品及制造方法,且特别涉及一种电子制品的封装结构及封装工艺。
背景技术
目前制造防水防尘的电子制品的方法,通常会在包覆电子元件的两件塑胶壳中放置橡胶条,再利用压力压合橡胶条去防止外部水气及灰尘的进入,但此方法无法百分之百的防水,其水气仍会从塑胶壳及橡胶条的空隙中进入并破坏电子元件。另一种方法为使用模内成型方法制作电子制品,此方法先将电子元件安装在薄膜上,再将薄膜放入注射模具中,将熔融的塑料材料注入注射模具中,与薄膜相互结合形成一体,此方法虽可防水进入,但工艺的良率很低,且薄膜上的电子元件会遭受注射塑料的冲击,而有损坏的风险。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种电子制品的封装结构及封装工艺,采用模外包覆技术,可让电子元件及软板完整包覆在包覆层与支撑结构之间,以避免电子元件受塑料冲击而损坏的风险。
根据本发明的一方面,提出一种电子制品的封装结构,包括一支撑结构、一软板以及一包覆层。支撑结构具有一形状,软板叠置于支撑结构上,软板上具有一电子元件。包覆层贴附在相互叠置的支撑结构及软板上,并覆盖电子元件,其中软板与包覆层的形状与支撑结构的形状共形,且软板与电子元件紧密地包覆于包覆层与支撑结构之间,包覆层包括相叠的一热成型膜层以及至少一功能膜层。
根据本发明的一方面,提出一种电子制品的封装工艺,包括下列步骤。加工一支撑结构,以使支撑结构具有一形状。安装一电子元件于一软板上,并将软板叠置于支撑结构上。形成一包覆层于相互叠置的支撑结构及软板上,并覆盖电子元件,其中包覆层包括相叠的一热成型膜层以及至少一功能膜层,热成型膜层受热变形而使软板与包覆层的形状与支撑结构的形状共形,且使软板与电子元件紧密地包覆于包覆层与支撑结构之间。
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述,但不作为对本发明的限定。
附图说明
图1至图5绘示依照本发明一实施例的电子制品的封装结构的制造方法的流程图;
图6绘示采用另一实施例的包覆层的封装工艺的示意图;
图7绘示采用另一实施例的包覆层的封装工艺的示意图;
图8绘示本发明一实施例的制造方法的流程步骤图。
其中,附图标记
80:制造方法
100:电子制品的封装结构
101:支撑结构
101a:凹凸状表面
101b:平面状表面
102:软板
103:电子元件
105、105a、105b:包覆层
106:热成型膜层
106a:第一表面
106b:第二表面
107:第一功能膜层
107a:功能膜层
108:第二功能膜层
108a:功能膜层
800、802、804、806、808:步骤
具体实施方式
以下提出实施例进行详细说明,实施例仅用以作为范例说明,并非用以限缩本发明欲保护的范围。
请参照图1至图5与图8,图8为依照本发明一实施例的电子制品的封装结构100的制造方法80包括下列步骤:
步骤800:开始。
步骤802:加工一支撑结构101,以使支撑结构101具有一形状。
步骤804:安装一电子元件103于一软板102上,并将软板102叠置于支撑结构101上。
步骤806:形成一包覆层105于相互叠置的支撑结构101及软板102上,并覆盖电子元件103。
步骤808:结束。
如步骤802与图1所示,先加工支撑结构101,以使支撑结构101具有一形状,例如是由一凹凸状表面101a及/或一平面状表面101b组成;如步骤804与图2及图3所示,电子元件103安装于软板102上,并将软板102叠置于支撑结构101上;如步骤806与在图4及图5所示,包覆层105形成于相互叠置的支撑结构101及软板102上,并覆盖电子元件103。如此,电子制品的封装工艺大致完成。
在图1中,支撑结构101的材质可为高分子聚合物、金属或陶瓷,不限定为单一材质,亦可为复合材料。支撑结构101可具有任意形状,例如方形、圆形或多边形,且不限定为二维或三维结构。在一实施例中,支撑结构101为一刚性结构,例如为壳体、面板、仪表板或框架等。若支撑结构101采用金属材质,可采用铸造、车削、冲压以及挤压成型等其中一种加工工艺完成。若支撑结构101采用陶瓷材质,可采用粉末射出成型以及烧结等其中一种加工工艺完成。若支撑结构101采用塑胶材质,可采用射出成型、吹膜押出以及拉挤成型等其中一种加工工艺完成。除非对支撑结构101所需的形状及其材料特性有特别的需求,否则本发明对于支撑结构101的加工方法以及材质不加以限制。
在图2中,本实施例中的软板102为一绝缘基板与电子线路的结合体,常见的绝缘基板可包含但不限于聚酰亚胺(PI)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)、硅胶(Silica gel)、硅酮(Silicone)、热塑性弹性体(TPE)等高分子聚合物或石英(Quartz)、玻璃(Glass)等陶瓷材料类中至少一者,至于电子线路可为任何可导电的金属。此外,电子元件103可为一集成电路(IC)元件,其包含晶体管、二极管、电容、电阻等主动及/或被动元件,且上述元件整合在一半导体芯片上,以成为一家用或工业用的集成电路。举凡一般用于家庭或日常生活有关的电器用品,例如电视机、电冰箱、洗衣机等,均可采用集成电路元件来处理信号。在一实施例中,电子元件103可通过其外引脚安装在任一种软板102上,并与软板102上的电子线路电性连接,以通过软板102来传输或接收电子信号。由于软板102具有可挠性或可折叠,可根据支撑结构101的外型改变形状或折叠,进而改变信号传输的路径。此外,安装有电子元件103的软板102还可通过背胶104贴附在支撑结构101上,以使软板102叠置于支撑结构101的一表面上,例如叠置于支撑结构101的内表面或外表面。叠置之后的软板102与支撑结构101具有相同或相似的形状,如图3所示。
由于本发明的封装结构100采用软板102作为承载电子元件103的基板,且软板102具有绝缘层,以背胶104贴附在支撑结构101上,且不易脱落。此外,由于软板102的绝缘层具有电绝缘以及抗静电的功能,可使电子元件103与支撑结构101之间保持较佳的电性绝缘,并能有效避免静电产生及防止静电干扰。当然,本实施例所提的背胶104仅为示范性说明,于其他实施例中亦可使用一膜外包覆方式、一高温真空吸附方式、一热压方式、一超音波熔接方式或其他胶合方式来稳固软板102至支撑结构101上,非用以限制本发明的范畴。另外,于其他实施例中电子元件103的位置亦可根据不同需求来适性做调整,例如电子元件103可设置于软板102与支撑结构101之间,非用以限制本发明的范畴。
此外,在图4及图5中,包覆层105例如为两层或两层以上的多个膜层,其位于相互叠置的支撑结构101及软板102上,并覆盖电子元件103。在一实施例中,包覆层105至少包括一热成型膜层106,此热成型膜层106是一种会受热变型的高分子薄膜,可经由温度、真空与加压等条件作用下来包覆在支撑结构101及软板102上,且根据支撑结构101的形状不同,热成型膜层106于完成贴附后可适性地紧密黏固于支撑结构101上,而难以外力移除之。再者,本实施例中的包覆层105包括至少一用以防水及防尘的功能膜层,以防止电子元件103受到湿气或灰尘的影响。除此之外,其他实施例中的包覆层105还可包括至少一用以导热或屏蔽的功能膜层,以将电子元件103产生的热导出于电子元件103之外,或避免电子元件103受到电磁波干扰。另外,包覆层105亦可包括一装饰层,可以对产品的外观进行装饰,例如使电子制品的外观具有金属质感、亮面处理、图纹装饰或呈现多样色彩。当然,根据不同使用需求,其他实施例中的包覆层105还可具备不同的功能层,例如一光扩散膜层来提高其光学特性,或其他可相容高分子薄膜的功能层,而非用以限制本发明的范畴。
在一实施例中,包覆层105以模外包覆技术与相互叠置的支撑结构101及软板102在真空的环境下进行加热、成型及加压等工艺来紧密黏固于支撑结构101及软板102上,有别于模内电子成型(In Mold Electronics,IME)技术需在模具内进行高温高压的成型步骤,本实施例的模外包覆技术可减少于射出成型过程中所带来的高熔胶温度、高模具温度、高成型压力以及高射出速度的不良影响,进而提升制品良率及应用面。同时,本实施例所采用模外包覆技术的包覆层105一定具有防水、防尘的功能,且可额外添加装饰、导热、屏蔽等至少一种功能性的需求,以应用在形状复杂的三维曲面上,且不限定素材材质,进而提供紧密的包覆效果且难以外力移除。
请参照图4,包覆层105包括依序叠置的一第一功能膜层107、一热成型膜层106以及一第二功能膜层108。第一功能膜层107位于热成型膜层106的一第一表面106a,第二功能膜层108位于热成型膜层106的一第二表面106b,第一表面106a与第二表面106b相对。在一实施例中,第一功能膜层107可为装饰层、导热层、屏蔽层以及光扩散膜层中至少一层。第二功能膜层108可为装饰层、导热层、屏蔽层以及光扩散膜层中至少一层。第一功能膜层107与第二功能膜层108可为相同功能的膜层或不同功能的膜层,本发明对此不加以限制。第一功能膜层107与第二功能膜层108例如以网版印刷、胶版印刷、凹版印刷、柔版印刷、移印、雕刻印刷或其他方式形成于热成型膜层106的任一表面,例如同一表面或不同表面,本发明对此不加以限制。
热成型膜层106的材质可为热塑性塑胶,例如聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸二丁酯(PBT)等,可广泛地应用在各种物品的包装上,具有拉伸强度高、延伸率大、高弹性、防撕裂、高黏性、厚度薄、耐压、防水及防尘等优点。在一实施例中,热成型膜层106的厚度约为0.01mm~0.5mm,收缩温度约120℃~180℃。
请参照图5,在低压(或真空)的环境下对包覆层105进行加热,并抽离位于包覆层105与叠置的软板102与支撑结构101周围的空气,以使热成型膜层106及第一/第二功能膜层107、108能完整包覆在制品表面,且软板102与包覆层105的形状与支撑结构101的形状大致上共形,但亦可能有局部区域(例如垂直转角区域)未完全贴合的情形。此外,受到热成型膜层106的热变形影响,软板102及电子元件103可紧密地(几乎无缝隙地)包覆于包覆层105与支撑结构101之间而得到适当的保护。完成上述图1至图5的封装工艺之后,可得到一电子制品的封装结构100。
接着,请参照图6,在另一实施例中,包覆层105a包括一热成型膜层106以及一功能膜层107a。功能膜层107a例如位于热成型膜层106的上表面,以使热成型膜层106位于功能膜层107a与软板102之间,而热成型膜层106的下表面可直接贴合在软板102及电子元件103上。有关功能膜层107a的功能及成形方式与上述实施例的第一功能膜层107的功能及成形方式相似,在此不再赘述。
请参照图7,在另一实施例中,包覆层105b包括一热成型膜层106以及一功能膜层108a。功能膜层108a例如位于热成型膜层106的下表面,以使功能膜层108a位于热成型膜层106与软板102之间,而功能膜层108a的下表面可直接贴合在软板102及电子元件103上。有关功能膜层108a的功能及成形方式与上述实施例的第一功能膜层108的功能及成形方式相似,在此不再赘述。
本发明上述实施例所揭露的电子制品的封装结构及其工艺,是将设置有电子元件的软板与预先成型的支撑结构贴合之后,再以模外包覆技术将包覆层紧密地包覆在相互叠置的软板与支撑结构上,进而提高电子元件的包覆性,并且能避免电子元件受塑料冲击而损坏的风险。此外,本实施例所采用模外包覆技术的包覆层除具备防水、防尘的功能外,根据不同需求,还可适性加入例如装饰、导热、屏蔽、光扩散等中一种功能性的需求,以应用在形状复杂的三维曲面上,不但不限定素材材质,同时还提供紧密的包覆效果而难以外力移除。
当然,本发明还可有其它多种实施例,在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下,熟悉本领域的技术人员当可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形,但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (14)
1.一种电子制品的封装结构,其特征在于,包括:
一支撑结构,具有一形状;
一软板,叠置于该支撑结构上,该软板上具有一电子元件;以及
一包覆层,贴附在相互叠置的该支撑结构及该软板上,直接接触该软板并直接覆盖全部的该电子元件,其中该软板与该包覆层的形状与该支撑结构的该形状共形,且该软板与该电子元件紧密地包覆于该包覆层与该支撑结构之间,该包覆层包括相叠的一热成型膜层以及至少一功能膜层,其中该热成型膜层受热收缩变形而使该软板与该包覆层的形状与该支撑结构的该形状共形,且该功能膜层紧密贴附于该软板上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电子制品的封装结构,其特征在于,该至少一功能膜层为装饰层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电子制品的封装结构,其特征在于,该至少一功能膜层为光扩散膜层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电子制品的封装结构,其特征在于,该至少一功能膜层为装饰层、导热层、屏蔽层、光扩散膜层以及可相容高分子薄膜的功能层中至少一层,而该软板为一绝缘基板与电子线路的结合体。
5.根据权利要求2至4其中任一所述的电子制品的封装结构,其特征在于,该至少一功能膜层位于该热成型膜层与该软板之间。
6.根据权利要求2至4其中任一所述的电子制品的封装结构,其特征在于,该热成型膜层位于该至少一功能膜层与该软板之间。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电子制品的封装结构,其特征在于,该至少一功能膜层包括一第一功能膜层以及一第二功能膜层,该第一功能膜层位于该热成型膜层的一第一表面,该第二功能膜层位于该热成型膜层的一第二表面,该第一表面与该第二表面相对。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电子制品的封装结构,其特征在于,该第一功能膜层与该第二功能膜层为装饰层、导热层、屏蔽层、光扩散膜层以及可相容高分子薄膜的功能层中至少一层。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电子制品的封装结构,其特征在于,更包括一背胶来贴附于该软板与该支撑结构之间,或该软板与该支撑结构之间使用一膜外包覆方式、一高温真空吸附方式、一热压方式或一超音波熔接方式,以稳固该软板与该支撑结构的结合。
10.一种电子制品的封装工艺,其特征在于,包括:
加工一支撑结构,以使该支撑结构具有一形状;
安装一电子元件于一软板上,并将该软板叠置于该支撑结构上;以及
形成一包覆层直接接触于相互叠置的该支撑结构及该软板上,并直接覆盖全部的该电子元件,其中该包覆层包括相叠的一热成型膜层以及至少一功能膜层,该热成型膜层受热变形而使该软板与该包覆层的形状与该支撑结构的该形状共形,且使该软板与该电子元件紧密地包覆于该包覆层与该支撑结构之间。
11.根据权利要求10所述的电子制品的封装工艺,其特征在于,该至少一功能膜层为装饰层、导热层、屏蔽层、光扩散膜层以及可相容高分子薄膜的功能层中至少一层,而该软板为一绝缘基板与电子线路的结合体。
12.根据权利要求10所述的电子制品的封装工艺,其特征在于,该至少一功能膜层包括形成于该热成型膜层的一第一表面以及一第二表面的一第一功能膜层以及一第二功能膜层,该第一表面与该第二表面相对。
13.根据权利要求12所述的电子制品的封装工艺,其特征在于,该第一功能膜层与该第二功能膜层为装饰层、导热层、屏蔽层、光扩散膜层以及可相容高分子薄膜的功能层中至少一层。
14.根据权利要求10所述的电子制品的封装工艺,其特征在于,更包括以一背胶贴附于该软板与该支撑结构之间,或使用一膜外包覆方式、一高温真空吸附方式、一热压方式或一超音波熔接方式来稳固该软板与该支撑结构的结合。
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CN204720550U (zh) * | 2014-04-28 | 2015-10-21 | 苹果公司 | 配置成容纳电子设备的壳体以及电子设备和电子设备结构 |
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US20180184528A1 (en) | 2018-06-28 |
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