CN108234090B - 一种大规模mimo系统中跨层优化设计方法 - Google Patents

一种大规模mimo系统中跨层优化设计方法 Download PDF

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CN108234090B
CN108234090B CN201810024795.8A CN201810024795A CN108234090B CN 108234090 B CN108234090 B CN 108234090B CN 201810024795 A CN201810024795 A CN 201810024795A CN 108234090 B CN108234090 B CN 108234090B
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文犇犇
虞湘宾
潘青
腾涛
储君雅
汪曦
柳涛
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1812Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ]
    • H04L1/1816Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ] with retransmission of the same, encoded, message
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621Feedback content
    • H04B7/0626Channel coefficients, e.g. channel state information [CSI]
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    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621Feedback content
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    • H04B7/08Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种大规模MIMO系统中结合AMC和HARQ的跨层优化设计方案。本发明以大规模MIMO系统的平均频谱效率最大化作为优化目标,以大规模MIMO系统数据传输的调制方式和HARQ机制的误包率作为优化变量,在最大丢包率的约束下,提出了针对大规模MIMO的跨层设计方案。本发明所提供的方法不仅不需要较高的计算复杂度,而且相对于传统的跨层优化方案,可以有效的提高系统的平均频谱效率。

Description

一种大规模MIMO系统中跨层优化设计方法
技术领域
本发明属于移动通信领域,涉及移动通信系统的跨层优化设计方法,主要是关于大规模MIMO系统中的跨层优化设计方案及其次优简化方案。
背景技术
在无线通信网络中,由于信道衰落的存在,系统的性能会被极大的削弱。一种能降低信道衰落对系统性能的影响的技术是自适应调制编码(AMC,Adaptive Modulation andCoding)技术,AMC能在时变信道下动态地调整发送速率,在物理层层面上已经有了广泛的研究和应用。然而,为了实现物理层的高可靠性,AMC技术必须要采用较小尺寸的星座图调制来降低发送速率。
另一种减轻信道衰落影响的技术是数据链路层的自动重传请求(ARQ,AutomaticRepeat reQuest)协议,采用ARQ协议的通信网络在检测到错误数据包的时候会请求重传。这种协议由于只有在需要的时候才会重传,所以能有效的提高系统的吞吐量。传统的ARQ协议虽然在检测到错误的时候会请求重传来提高系统可靠度,但是发生错误的数据包就被直接丢弃。然而就算是错误的数据包,仍然含有大量有用的信息,因此人们又提出了混合ARQ(HARQ,Hybrid ARQ)的方案,混合ARQ能够将出错的数据包和再次重传的数据包按照指定的方式进行合并,进而充分地利用所有发送的数据包,进一步提高了ARQ的性能。
随着移动通信系统的不断发展,多输入多输出(MIMO,Multiple-Input Multiple-Output)系统应运而生。由于其能够极大地提高系统的性能,在4G中已经得到了广泛的应用。近年来的研究发现,随着MIMO系统发射天线数的大幅度增加,MIMO系统的性能能够得到进一步地提升,这就是大规模MIMO系统。大规模MIMO能提供许多传统MIMO所没有的优点,如信道正交、波束集中、能效较高等等,所以,在5G标准化的过程中,大规模MIMO逐渐成为了移动通信的核心技术,充分利用大规模MIMO的性能优势也成为近年来的热门研究课题。
文献1(Liu,Qingwen,Shengli Zhou,and Georgios B.Giannakis.Cross-layercombining of adaptive modulation and coding with truncated ARQ over wirelesslinks.IEEE Transactions on wireless communications 3.5(2004):1746-1755.)研究了AMC和中断式ARQ联合的跨层优化方案,系统建立在传统的SISO模型上,且并未考虑HARQ。文献2(Zhang,Peng,Yuzhuang Miao,and Yuping Zhao.Cross-layer design of AMC andtruncated HARQ using dynamic switching thresholds.Wireless Communications andNetworking Conference(WCNC),2013 IEEE.IEEE,2013.)使用了动态门限来优化AMC结合HARQ的跨层设计。文献3(Aniba,Ghassane,and Sonia Aissa.Cross-layer designedadaptive modulation algorithm with packet combining and truncated ARQ overMIMO Nakagami fading channels.IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications10.4(2011):1026-1031.)考虑了传统MIMO场景下的AMC结合HARQ的跨层设计方案。文献4(Zhou,Yuehao,et al.A Low-Complexity Multiuser Adaptive Modulation Scheme forMassive MIMO Systems.IEEE Signal Processing Letters 23.10(2016):1464-1468.)提出了一种低复杂度的大规模MIMO下的AMC方案。上述文献都没有针对大规模MIMO下的跨层优化问题做研究,因此亟需对大规模MIMO中的AMC结合HARQ跨层设计进行优化。
发明内容
发明目的:为提高大规模MIMO系统的性能,本发明提出了一种上行大规模MIMO系统中结合AMC和HARQ的跨层设计优化方案。该方案可以在给定目标丢包率的要求下,动态地调整每次重传的误包率,尽可能地提高系统性能,同时,该方案利用了大规模MIMO信道趋于正交的特性,能极大降低优化过程的复杂度。
本发明的技术方案是一种大规模MIMO系统中跨层设计的优化方法,其设计的要点包括以下几个步骤:
(1)对于移动台k,首先估计其信噪比
Figure BSA0000157298370000021
其中Pk为移动台k的发送功率,βk为其大尺度衰落信息,M为发送天线数。
(2)分别计算不同调制方式下每次传输的平均误包率
Figure BSA0000157298370000022
其中,i表示第i次传输,Nmax为最大允许传输次数,
Figure BSA00001572983700000210
表示第i次传输中采用第n种调制方式的平均误包率。
(3)在第(2)步计算得到的所有的
Figure BSA00001572983700000211
中,选择符合丢包率要求的组合使得
Figure BSA0000157298370000023
其中ni表示组合中第i次传输所采用的调制方式,
Figure BSA0000157298370000024
为平均丢包率限制。计算不同误包率组合下平均频谱效率
Figure BSA0000157298370000025
其中
Figure BSA0000157298370000026
为每个数据包的平均发送次数,
Figure BSA0000157298370000027
Figure BSA0000157298370000028
为第ni种调制方式的速率,
Figure BSA0000157298370000029
为任意一个数据包是第i次发送的数据包的概率。
(4)比较(3)中得到的不同误包率组合下的平均频谱效率,选择频谱效率最大的组合作为最优组合,该组合包含了AMC调制方式的选择和HARQ最优误包率的配置,在数据传输过程中,根据得到的最优组合采用相应的调制方式,然后在接收端将接收到的数据包进行比特级的Chase HARQ合并,合并后的数据包如果检测到错误,则给发送端回馈一个重传请求,否则直接输出。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
利用大规模MIMO的信道正交特性,将传统的连续跨层优化问题简化为离散有限集的优化问题,极大地降低的多维搜索的成本。另外,本发明考虑到连续两次重传很难保证在相干时间内完成,因此每次重传的信道条件是不同的,更加符合实际的信道模型。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的流程图;
图2为本发明实施例中跨层系统的模型图;
图3为实施例的仿真结果与传统跨层设计的仿真结果对比图。
具体实施方式
为了阐明本发明的技术方案及技术目的,下面结合附图及具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的介绍。
本发明方法中涉及到的硬件装置包括安置在小区中心的集中式大规模天线基站(BS,Base Station)、小区内的移动台(MS,Mobile Station)。在本实施方式中,基站装配有M根天线,小区内有K个单天线移动台。定义G=HD1/2为上行信道矩阵,其中H∈CM×K为移动台到基站的小尺度衰落矩阵,D∈CK×K为移动台到基站的大尺度衰落对角矩阵,包括阴影衰落和路径损耗,其对角元素为[D]kk=βk=sk(d0/dk)v,其中sk为阴影衰落,dk为第k个移动台距基站的距离,d0为参考距离,v为路径损耗因子。跨层系统工作流程如图2所示。
本发明是一种大规模MIMO系统中跨层设计的优化方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1基站端通过估计信道信息,采用特定的检测算法对接收到的信号进行检测。为了消除用户间的干扰,基站采用迫零(ZF,Zero-Forcing)算法进行信号检测,因此,基站接收到的第k个移动台的信号接收信噪比为:
Figure BSA0000157298370000031
对于大规模天线,有
Figure BSA0000157298370000032
所以基站接收到的第k个移动台的信号接收信噪比渐进近似于
Figure BSA0000157298370000033
在这种近似下,由于小尺度衰落信道近似正交,平均误包率的计算就不需要再对小尺度衰落进行复杂的积分就可以得到,进而,最优AMC机制所需要的动态门限优化此处也可近似省略。
步骤2基于步骤1获得的近似接收信噪比
Figure BSA0000157298370000034
计算不同传输次数下采用不同调制方式时的平均误包率
Figure BSA0000157298370000035
Figure BSA0000157298370000036
表示第i次传输中采用第n种调制方式的平均误包率,由于基站端对接收到的数据包采用Chase合并的方式进行合并,所以瞬时误包率
Figure BSA0000157298370000037
可以通过对不同调制方式下的误包率曲线进行如下拟合得到
Figure BSA0000157298370000038
拟合操作在只需要提前做一次,在后续的所有迭代或者检测中都可以重复利用之前得到的拟合系数。
由于在大规模MIMO系统下,瞬时接收信噪比渐进近似于
Figure BSA0000157298370000041
因此
Figure BSA0000157298370000042
步骤3在前面获取的所有
Figure BSA0000157298370000043
中,选择满足丢包率约束的组合使得
Figure BSA0000157298370000044
Figure BSA0000157298370000045
这样的组合最多有
Figure BSA0000157298370000046
个。对于每一组组合,考虑重传的机制,每个数据包所需要的平均发送次数可以表示为:
Figure BSA0000157298370000047
因此,任选一个发送的数据包是第i次发送的概率(等效于所有发送数据包中,第i次发送的数据包所占的概率)为:
Figure BSA0000157298370000048
综上所述,对于给定的一组组合,系统的平均频谱效率为
Figure BSA0000157298370000049
步骤4重复步骤3,比较不同组合下的平均频谱效率,选择频谱效率最大的组合作为最优组合,该组合指定了最优HARQ误包率的设置,也就同时隐性给出了最优AMC调制方式的选择。
为了说明本发明算法的有效性,通过MATLAB平台模拟仿真,对比已有的跨层优化算法和本发明在相同环境下的频谱效率特性,如图3所示。
仿真中为便于分析,忽略了小区间的干扰。附图3给出了大规模MIMO系统在不同的发送信噪比γ下的频谱效率特性。仿真结果表明,本发明所提出的方案较传统的跨层优化方案有明显的频谱效率性能提升,相较于最优的算法而言,性能损失很小,但是时间成本要降低不少,即以较低的复杂度实现了较高的频谱效率性能。从图中可以看出,随着发送信噪比
Figure BSA00001572983700000410
的增加,平均频谱效率会随之提升,并且逐渐达到饱和,这是因为在AMC中,已经采用了最高等级的调制方式,即使信道条件再好,频谱效率也很难再次得到提升。
综上所述,本发明提出的方法能有效地进行大规模MIMO系统中的跨层优化设计,同时方法实现的复杂度也较低。这充分说明了本发明提出的大规模MIMO系统中的跨层优化设计的有效性。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书、说明书及其等效物界定。

Claims (3)

1.一种大规模MIMO系统中跨层设计的优化方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)对于移动台k(k=1,...K),首先估计其信噪比
Figure FSB0000189476540000011
其中Pk为移动台k的发送功率,βk为其大尺度衰落信息,M为发送天线数,K为用户数;
(2)分别计算不同调制方式下每次传输的平均误包率
Figure FSB0000189476540000012
其中,i表示第i次传输,Nmax为最大允许传输次数,
Figure FSB0000189476540000013
表示第i次传输中采用第n种调制方式的平均误包率;
(3)在第(2)步计算得到的所有的
Figure FSB0000189476540000014
中,选择符合丢包率要求的组合使得
Figure FSB0000189476540000015
其中ni表示组合中第i次传输所采用的调制方式,
Figure FSB0000189476540000016
为平均丢包率限制;计算不同误包率组合下平均频谱效率
Figure FSB0000189476540000017
其中
Figure FSB0000189476540000018
为每个数据包的平均发送次数,
Figure FSB0000189476540000019
为第ni种调制方式的速率,Pi N为任意一个数据包是第i次发送的数据包的概率;
(4)比较(3)中得到的不同误包率组合下的平均频谱效率,选择频谱效率最大的组合作为最优组合,该组合包含了AMC调制方式的选择和HARQ最优误包率的配置,在数据传输过程中,根据得到的最优组合采用相应的调制方式,然后在接收端将接收到的数据包进行比特级的Chase HARQ合并,合并后的数据包如果检测到错误,则给发送端回馈一个重传请求,否则直接输出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种大规模MIMO系统中跨层设计的优化方法,其特征在于,所述系统中移动台k的信噪比由下式近似:
Figure FSB00001894765400000110
其中:H为M×K维移动台到基站的小尺度衰落矩阵。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种大规模MIMO系统中跨层设计的优化方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中
Figure FSB00001894765400000111
的拟合公式为:
Figure FSB00001894765400000112
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