CN108224900B - 一种利用液化天然气冷能的氧氮氩分离系统 - Google Patents
一种利用液化天然气冷能的氧氮氩分离系统 Download PDFInfo
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
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- DOTMOQHOJINYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molecular nitrogen;molecular oxygen Chemical compound N#N.O=O DOTMOQHOJINYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-OUBTZVSYSA-N nitrogen-15 Chemical compound [15N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
- F25J3/04648—Recovering noble gases from air argon
- F25J3/04654—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column
- F25J3/04666—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04672—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser
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- F25J3/04254—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using the cold stored in external cryogenic fluids
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用液化天然气冷能的氧氮氩分离系统，该系统包括液化天然气罐、液化天然气冷能回收系统、粗氩精馏塔、纯氮精馏塔、纯氧精馏塔、空气净化系统和污氮冷能回收系统；液化天然气与液化天然气冷能回收系统的冷媒换热后加压外输供用户使用，液化天然气冷能回收系统通过管路与纯氮精馏塔连接形成冷媒循环回路；纯氮精馏塔与纯氧精馏塔之间形成进料回路，纯氮精馏塔的塔底同时与粗氩精馏塔连通；粗氩精馏塔和纯氧精馏塔之间形成氩气提纯回路，空气净化系统与污氮冷能回收系统形成吹扫气回路，污氮冷能回收系统与纯氧精馏塔和粗氩精馏塔形成污氮冷能回收回路。本发明能实现空分气体产品单位能耗降低20％以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种空气分离系统，具体涉及一种利用液化天然气的冷能对空气中的氧气、氮气和氩气进行分离的系统。
背景技术
空气分离是将空气中的氧气和氮气进行分离提纯储存后进行后续的工业应用。空气中的主要成分是氧气和氮气，两者的沸点不同；空气分离的工艺流程首先把空气压缩、预冷、净化，进一步冷却至摄氏零下一百多度，使之成为液态空气，然后利用氧和氮的沸点差，经精馏塔将液态空气进行多次蒸发和冷凝，使氧气和氮气分离，得到提纯的液氧和液氮产品。
空气分离系统需要大量的低温冷能，常规液体空分通常采用空气增压循环或氮气增压循环，再配置两台高温、低温增压透平膨胀机制冷为空分装置提供所需冷量。因此，常规空气分离系统的低温环境完全由电力驱动的机械制冷产生，一般其电力成本占到生产成本的70％左右，同时还要消耗大量的冷却水。
利用液化天然气冷量的空气分离工艺流程是通过冷媒将冷量传递给空气分离系统的空气冷却单元、空气精馏单元，取消传统空分工艺中的循环氮气膨胀制冷单元。与传统空气分离系统相比，利用液化天然气的冷量可以大幅度降低空分装置的压缩制冷能耗，基本不需要冷却水，同时液化天然气气化费用也可得到降低。液化天然气冷能空分工艺能够充分利用液化天然气低温位的冷量，可用能利用程度高，节能降耗优势显著。
目前，常规利用液化天然气冷量空分工艺技术对于液化天然气冷量的利用率不到40％，只是利用了浅冷部分，价值更大的深冷部分并没有回收利用。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种利用液化天然气冷能的氧氮氩分离系统，系统将传统空气膨胀制冷与低温分离两个工艺单元完全分开，独立设置，彻底消除二者间的相互干扰，重新优化各自工艺过程，获得最大装置效率。
一种利用液化天然气冷能的氧氮氩分离系统，该系统包括液化天然气罐、液化天然气冷能回收系统、氩罐、粗氩精馏塔、液氮罐、纯氮精馏塔、纯氧精馏塔、液氧罐、空气净化系统和污氮冷能回收系统；
液化天然气罐通过管路通向液化天然气冷能回收系统，液化天然气与液化天然气冷能回收系统的冷媒换热后加压外输供用户使用，液化天然气冷能回收系统通过管路与纯氮精馏塔连接形成冷媒循环回路，纯氮精馏塔通过管路与液氮罐连通；纯氮精馏塔的塔底和塔顶分别与纯氧精馏塔的塔底和塔顶连通形成进料回路，纯氮精馏塔的塔底同时与粗氩精馏塔连通形成液氮冷却回路；粗氩精馏塔和纯氧精馏塔之间形成氩气提纯回路，纯氧精馏塔同时连通液氧罐，空气净化系统与污氮冷能回收系统相通形成吹扫气回路，污氮冷能回收系统与纯氧精馏塔和粗氩精馏塔形成污氮冷能回收回路。
进一步地，所述液化天然气冷能回收系统采用低温循环工质回收液化天然气罐中液相液化天然气气化到常温28～35℃过程中释放的低温冷能，并将该冷能在特定的工况(0.4MPa的压力)下从纯氮精馏塔顶换热器传入分离系统中。
进一步地，所述污氮冷能回收系统将纯氧精馏塔塔顶分离出含有少量(1～2％)液氧的污氮部分通过污氮冷能回收系统给原料空气预冷后，污氮再生后排放到环境中。
进一步地，所述纯氧精馏塔将原料空气中氧进行分离，达到纯度要求(99.99％)的液氧产品和较高纯度(98％～99％)的污氮，液氧产品进入液氧储罐作为产品存贮，污氮进入纯氮精馏塔进一步分离。
进一步地，所述纯氮精馏塔将纯氧精馏塔产生的污氮进一步分离，塔顶产生达到纯度要求(99.999％)的液氮产品进入液氮储罐作为产品进行存贮。塔底回流污氮带着冷能返回纯氧精馏塔继续分离，同时把液化天然气的冷能带入到纯氧精馏塔内部。
进一步地，所述空气净化系统对原料空气进行预处理，除去杂质，使进入精馏系统的空气原料成分为氮气，氧气，氩气和其他微量杂质气体。
进一步地，所述粗氩精馏塔将纯氧精馏塔底部含有液氩和液氧进入到粗氩精馏塔，塔顶分离出高纯度(92％～98％)的液氩产品，塔底高纯度液氧(94％～96％)产品返回液氧精馏塔后进入液氧储罐。
有益效果：
1、本发明的系统工艺优化，独立制冷，强化低温换热精馏，空分气体产品单位能耗降低20％以上，即由当前世界先进水平0.42KWh/m3(O2)降至0.3KWh/m3(O2)以下。
2、本发明的系统操作压力可由超低压0.35MPa向高压发展至1-1.2MPa；
3、本发明系统中液化天然气常压(低温-162℃)气化，确保全部气化潜热无损失。
4、本发明选取最佳制冷工质取代现行氮循环制冷系统，将LNG所含冷量由-162℃降至-196℃，使氮气液化，确保液化天然气冷能回收率达到90％以上。
5、本发明的系统补冷快、启动短、弹性大、调节灵活；系统取消透平膨胀机，操作更加安稳可靠。
6、本发明采用全新低温精馏工艺及设备，利用双相进料的单级精馏塔，确保分离高效、节能降耗；系统占地显著减少，工程投资降低30％以上(以相同液体产品生产规模计)，系统绿色循环，低碳环保，节能效果显著。
7、本发明的产品方案设计灵活，只需调整换热精馏的工艺参数即可满足生产要求。
附图说明
图1为本发明的系统组成和工作原理图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并举实施例，对本发明进行详细描述。
如附图1所示，本发明提供了一种利用液化天然气冷能的氧氮氩分离系统，该系统包括液化天然气罐、液化天然气冷能回收系统、氩罐、粗氩精馏塔、液氮罐、纯氮精馏塔、纯氧精馏塔、液氧罐、空气净化系统和污氮冷能回收系统；
液化天然气从天然气罐输出进入冷能回收系统，在液化天然气冷能回收系统中液化天然气气化，将冷能传递给液化天然气冷能回收系统中的气态冷媒，气态冷媒4由气态变为液态3；与冷媒换热后的天然气2加压后外输，供用户使用。液态冷媒3进入纯氮精馏塔，将纯氮精馏塔塔顶的气态氮冷却为液氮9，液态冷媒4气化为气态冷媒4返回液化天然气冷能回收系统继续储存液化天然气冷量，冷却后的液氮9储存于液氮罐中。纯氮精馏塔的进料为来自纯氧精馏塔塔顶的污氮5。
纯氮精馏塔塔底馏分为氧氮混合液体6，部分氮氧混合液体8作为进料进入纯氧精馏塔，另一部分氮氧混合液体7作为冷源进入粗氩精馏塔。从纯氧精馏塔中下部抽提出的氧氩混合气体12作为粗氩精馏塔的进料，粗氩精馏塔塔顶分离出纯度较高的气氩14储入氩罐，塔底为氧含量较高的氧氩混合气体13返回至纯氧精馏塔中。
空气20经过空气净化系统进行净化，净化后的空气18进入污氮冷能回收系统回收来自纯氧精馏塔塔顶部分污氮10和为粗氩精馏塔提供冷量后的污氮15的冷量，冷却后的冷空气16作为进料进入纯氧精馏塔。纯氧精馏塔塔底分离出液氧11储入液氧罐，塔顶分离出的部分污氮5作为纯氮精馏塔的进料，另一部分污氮10经过污氮冷能回收系统与污氮15混合后进入空气净化系统，作为空气净化系统的再生吹扫气17，经过空气净化系统的污氮19排放到空气中。
综上所述，以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种利用液化天然气冷能的氧氮氩分离系统，该系统包括液化天然气罐、液化天然气冷能回收系统、氩罐、粗氩精馏塔、液氮罐、纯氮精馏塔、纯氧精馏塔、液氧罐、空气净化系统和污氮冷能回收系统；
液化天然气罐通过管路通向液化天然气冷能回收系统，液化天然气与液化天然气冷能回收系统的冷媒换热后加压外输供用户使用，液化天然气冷能回收系统通过管路与纯氮精馏塔连接形成冷媒循环回路，纯氮精馏塔通过管路与液氮罐连通；纯氮精馏塔的塔底和塔顶分别与纯氧精馏塔的塔底和塔顶连通形成进料回路，纯氮精馏塔的塔底同时与粗氩精馏塔连通形成液氮冷却回路；粗氩精馏塔和纯氧精馏塔之间形成氩气提纯回路，纯氧精馏塔同时连通液氧罐，空气净化系统与污氮冷能回收系统相通形成吹扫气回路，污氮冷能回收系统与纯氧精馏塔和粗氩精馏塔形成污氮冷能回收回路。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种利用液化天然气冷能的氧氮氩分离系统，其特征在于，所述液化天然气冷能回收系统采用低温循环工质回收液化天然气罐中液相液化天然气气化到28～35℃过程中释放的低温冷能，并将该冷能在0.4MPa的压力下从纯氮精馏塔顶换热器传入分离系统中。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的一种利用液化天然气冷能的氧氮氩分离系统，其特征在于，所述污氮冷能回收系统将纯氧精馏塔塔顶分离出含有1～2％液氧的污氮部分通过污氮冷能回收系统给原料空气预冷后，污氮再生后排放到环境中。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种利用液化天然气冷能的氧氮氩分离系统，其特征在于，所述纯氧精馏塔将原料空气中氧进行分离，得到纯度为99.99％的液氧产品和纯度为98％～99％的污氮，液氧产品进入液氧储罐作为产品存贮，污氮进入纯氮精馏塔进一步分离。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种利用液化天然气冷能的氧氮氩分离系统，其特征在于，所述纯氮精馏塔将纯氧精馏塔产生的污氮进一步分离，塔顶产生达到纯度为99.999％的液氮产品进入液氮储罐作为产品进行存贮；塔底回流污氮带着冷能返回纯氧精馏塔继续分离，同时把液化天然气的冷能带入到纯氧精馏塔内部。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种利用液化天然气冷能的氧氮氩分离系统，其特征在于，所述粗氩精馏塔将纯氧精馏塔底部含有液氩和液氧进入到粗氩精馏塔，塔顶分离出纯度为92％～98％的液氩产品，塔底纯度为94％～96％液氧产品返回液氧精馏塔后进入液氧储罐。
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