CN108224351A - 照明单元 - Google Patents

照明单元 Download PDF

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CN108224351A
CN108224351A CN201711343676.0A CN201711343676A CN108224351A CN 108224351 A CN108224351 A CN 108224351A CN 201711343676 A CN201711343676 A CN 201711343676A CN 108224351 A CN108224351 A CN 108224351A
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light
lighting unit
film
housing
deflection film
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CN108224351B (zh
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T.霍瓦特
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Magna Visor Holdings Co Ltd
Magna Mirrors Holding GmbH
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Magna Visor Holdings Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
    • B60Q1/2661—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic mounted on parts having other functions
    • B60Q1/2665—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic mounted on parts having other functions on rear-view mirrors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
    • B60Q1/46—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for giving flashing caution signals during drive, other than signalling change of direction, e.g. flashing the headlights or hazard lights
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q9/00—Arrangement or adaptation of signal devices not provided for in one of main groups B60Q1/00 - B60Q7/00, e.g. haptic signalling
    • B60Q9/008—Arrangement or adaptation of signal devices not provided for in one of main groups B60Q1/00 - B60Q7/00, e.g. haptic signalling for anti-collision purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R1/00—Optical viewing arrangements; Real-time viewing arrangements for drivers or passengers using optical image capturing systems, e.g. cameras or video systems specially adapted for use in or on vehicles
    • B60R1/02—Rear-view mirror arrangements
    • B60R1/06—Rear-view mirror arrangements mounted on vehicle exterior
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R1/00—Optical viewing arrangements; Real-time viewing arrangements for drivers or passengers using optical image capturing systems, e.g. cameras or video systems specially adapted for use in or on vehicles
    • B60R1/12—Mirror assemblies combined with other articles, e.g. clocks
    • B60R1/1207—Mirror assemblies combined with other articles, e.g. clocks with lamps; with turn indicators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/285—Refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters not provided in groups F21S41/24 - F21S41/2805
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/10—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the light source
    • F21S43/13—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S43/14—Light emitting diodes [LED]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/10—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the light source
    • F21S43/19—Attachment of light sources or lamp holders
    • F21S43/195—Details of lamp holders, terminals or connectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/20—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S43/26—Refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters not provided in groups F21S43/235 - F21S43/255
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/20—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S43/27—Attachment thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V17/00—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages
    • F21V17/10—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages characterised by specific fastening means or way of fastening
    • F21V17/101—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages characterised by specific fastening means or way of fastening permanently, e.g. welding, gluing or riveting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q2400/00—Special features or arrangements of exterior signal lamps for vehicles
    • B60Q2400/40—Welcome lights, i.e. specific or existing exterior lamps to assist leaving or approaching the vehicle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种照明单元。照明单元具有壳体(1)，包括至少一个光源(9)，所述至少一个光源将光发射穿过光扩散部件(4)和光偏转膜(6)，其中，所述光偏转膜(6)适配于车辆部件的轮廓，其中，光偏转膜(6)具有在远离光源的外部(12)上的微结构(10)，该微结构使光在与入射角不同的方向上偏转，并且其中，光偏转膜(6)封闭壳体(1)。

Description

照明单元
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用在汽车行业中的照明单元。根据本发明的照明单元协调地结合在车辆的轮廓中。
背景技术
现有技术中已知车辆中的大量照明器。具有不同功能的各种照明单元附接到车辆的内部和外部轮廓。
在内部，存在用于仪表和特定车辆区域的灯，以提供照明来识别操作元件或者作为用于读取的灯或用于环境照明的灯。为了提供舒适的环境，诸如脚部空间、车门扶手、操作元件、内部后视镜或车顶模块的区域至少在进入和离开车辆时被照明。
在车辆之外，灯用于以位置灯的形式进行标记，作为前或后照明，或者作为变线的闪光指示器，或者作为驾驶员的报警指示器。
灯需要在内部和外部满足特定要求。首先，满足例如限定亮度和指示器闪烁频率的规格的能力在此应注意。在车辆附近要照明的空间区域也由规格管理。除了牌照条件，功能和设计确定灯的外观。
现有技术中的重要参数在此是，灯被附接成使得其被隐藏。这意味着使照明单元向外终止的盖板在色彩方面与环境匹配，或者是暗色的，以不被注意到。
此外，盖板意在防止清楚看到照明单元内的技术部件。
取决于位置和用途，来自一个或多个光源的光意在协调地照明盖板，并提供漫射光的印象。或者，车辆环境的限定照明或被引导到内部部件的光束是期望的。
在现有技术中，US7293901B2描述了一种照明元件，其具有准直光学元件和用于光束偏转的棱柱结构。所述准直光学块安装在照明器中。提供的光源设置在与准直单元相距约0.5mm的距离处，因此，棱镜的切口深度可以被确定为约0.15mm。
EP2500629A1公开了一种具有封闭壳体的照明单元。来自发光器件的光发射穿过照明单元的盖板。光学薄膜施加到盖板内部。光学薄膜具有棱柱微结构或呈现微透镜结构。
发明内容
因此，本发明之目的是提供一种照明单元，其发射期望形式的光，而不需要采取复杂且昂贵的措施。
该目的借助照明单元来实现，其具有壳体，包括至少一个光源，至少一个光源将光发射穿过光扩散部件和光偏转膜，其中，光偏转膜适配于车辆部件的轮廓，其中，至少一个光偏转膜具有在远离光源的外部上的微结构，该微结构使扩散入射的光在不同于入射角的方向上(在主要优先方向上)偏转，并且其中，光偏转膜封闭壳体。
通过省略盖板，照明单元的构造简化。此外，微结构设置在外部，偏转之后的光路由此更直接地偏转到驾驶员。
有利地，光偏转膜具有允许光的简单偏转的棱柱微结构。
光偏转膜有利地是车辆轮廓的一部分。
有利地，光扩散部件是封闭光扩散元件的光扩散膜，具有用于发光器件的开口，并布置在壳体内。
还有利地，光扩散膜设置在一侧或两侧，光扩散膜的光扩散层或材料本身具有光散射属性。
当光扩散部件是布置在光偏转膜内部的光扩散层时，获得另一有利构造。
另一构造具有两个或更多个光偏转膜，两个或更多个光偏转膜经由其它泡沫彼此联接，其它泡沫是在两侧上的粘合剂。
有利地，光偏转膜借助泡沫封闭壳体，泡沫是位于两侧上的粘合剂，并施加到壳体的周界。
照明单元安装为外部后视镜中的报警指示器。
附图说明
在附图中：
图1示出具有报警指示器的外部后视镜。
图2示出根据本发明的照明单元。
图3示出根据图2的实施例的细节。
图4示出替代实施例。
图5示出根据图4的实施例的细节。
图6示出具有多个膜的实施例。
具体实施方式
图1示出具有镜座17和镜头18的外部后视镜布置。镜头18总体上布置成相对于镜座17旋转。镜座附接到车辆19。图1描绘了照明单元的多个可能安装地点。这些位置用标号20表示出。
取决于功能，根据本发明的照明单元被照明为协调照明的光区域。驾驶辅助系统的报警指示器附接在位置20a处或外部后视镜的接近驾驶员的另一位置。指示器在危险的情况下被照明。在该情况下，针对驾驶员以良好的可见度，报警指示器被完全且几乎均匀地照明。
如果照明单元的光意在以定向方式发射，则必须采取措施来使发射的光束偏转。
在照明单元的安装位置20b，对靠近车辆的区域的照明和作为水坑灯(puddlelamp)的功能是可能的。水坑灯的光向下以一角度发射。对门和过量入区域的照明也是可行的。安装位置20a位于镜玻璃21之后，其中，镜玻璃的至少一个区域设计成透过来自照明单元的光。
图2示出照明单元安装在外部后视镜中作为驾驶辅助系统的报警指示器。这种模块例如合并入镜壳体的侧壁中，镜壳体的侧壁可由驾驶员看见或者布置在镜玻璃之后。如果车辆接近盲点区域，照明模块例如在驾驶辅助系统的控制信号下进行照明。照明模块本身包括壳体1，壳体配置成其它部件容纳在其中。照明单元不必需要以水密方式封闭，有利地，模块不必被封锁，允许向外的空气对流。安装地壳体1内的是印刷电路板2，其具有位于壳体1的壳体后壁上的发光器件9。由白塑料材料制成的光扩散元件3充当用于印刷电路板2的压紧件(hold-down)，并经由合适的杆3a将印刷电路板固定在壳体1中。光扩散元件3具有开口3b，发光器件9、LED经由开口辐射或者被插装，使得LED本体由开口3b围绕和引导。
具有在主光传播7方向上位于外部的光扩散层的光扩散膜4靠近光扩散元件3。
所述光扩散膜可以设置在一个或两侧，具有光扩散层，或者光扩散膜的材料本身具有光散射属性。
附接在壳体1的周界1a上的是泡沫环形式的密封件，其是位于两侧的粘合剂。光偏转膜6形成最终部分。
光偏转膜6具有外部结构10，其面向方向7并在朝向驾驶员的方向上引导扩散光。光偏转膜借助泡沫沿照明单元的外部轮廓黏附地放置，泡沫是位于两侧上的粘合剂，壳体借助膜封闭。光偏转膜由此形成壳体的盖，不需要用于封闭的其它部件。光偏转膜6在其形状方面适配于布置有照明器的部件的轮廓。用于光偏转膜的合适材料是PC或另一光学透明塑料，比如PMMA。
电子终端借助插头13实现。
棱镜光学薄膜例如从US7763331B2中已知。在显示技术中，它们用于协调地分布背景照明的光。举例来说，棱镜薄膜由塑料材料构成，其中，载体材料可以与用于该结构所施加的材料相同或不同。重要的是选择抗UV塑料，其在用于车辆外部时不会过多老化。使用该塑料由此允许微结构10移动到外部，并产生不会中断直到微结构10的光路。在方向8上偏转的光束可以(但并不必需)穿过其它光学相关层。
为了获得光在特定主优先方向上的甚至更强偏转，两个或更多个光偏转膜可以经由另一泡沫环联接在一起，另一泡沫环是位于两侧上的粘合剂，如图6大致示出。在此，多个光偏转膜的层堆叠并沿周界粘合地布置。用于微结构的载体材料仅以示意图表示出。
由于光偏转膜的小厚度，其仅在十分小的程度上干扰照明单元的光学属性。薄膜的结构不再由眼睛可分辨。
来自LED的光被漫散射，并入射到光偏转膜6的平坦的非结构化内侧11。光穿过光偏转膜，到达外部12的结构，并根据光的入射角在方向8中折射。该结构在此优选地由棱柱形状构成，该棱柱形状以不同棱镜形状以及在70和120°之间的棱镜角而产生。
图4示出另一实施例。在该实施例中，光扩散元件不再由光扩散膜封闭。而是，光扩散的功能由光扩散层4a来执行，如图5所示，光扩散层结合在光偏转膜6中。结果，所有功能(尤其是光漫散射和光的偏转)由一部件执行，该部件额外地还以盖的形式紧密地封闭照明单元的壳体。
部件列表
1 壳体
1a 周界
2 印刷电路板
3 光扩散元件
3a 杆
3b 开口
4 光扩散膜
4a 光扩散层
5 泡沫
6 光偏转膜
7 光传播
8 光偏转之后的光传播
9 发光器件
10 光学微结构
11 内侧
12 外部
13 插头
17 镜底
18 镜头
19 车辆
20a,b,c 安装位置

Claims (11)

1.一种照明单元，具有壳体(1)，包括至少一个光源(9)，所述至少一个光源将光发射穿过光扩散部件(4)和光偏转膜(6)，其中，所述光偏转膜(6)适配于车辆部件的轮廓，其中，至少一个光偏转膜(6)具有在远离光源的外部(12)上的微结构(10)，该微结构使光在与入射角不同的方向上偏转，并且其中，光偏转膜(6)封闭壳体(1)。
2.如权利要求1所述的照明单元(1)，其特征在于，所述光偏转膜(6)具有棱柱微结构。
3.如权利要求1所述的照明单元(1)，其特征在于，所述光偏转膜(6)是车辆轮廓的一部分。
4.如权利要求1所述的照明单元(1)，其特征在于，所述光扩散部件是封闭光扩散元件(3)的光扩散膜(4)，光扩散元件具有用于发光器件的开口(3b)，并布置在壳体内。
5.如权利要求4所述的照明单元(1)，其特征在于，所述光扩散膜具有位于一侧或两侧的光扩散层，或者光扩散膜本身的材料具有光散射属性。
6.如权利要求1所述的照明单元(1)，其特征在于，所述光扩散部件是布置在光偏转膜(6)的内侧(11)的光扩散层(4a)。
7.如权利要求1所述的照明单元(1)，其特征在于，所述光偏转膜(6)借助泡沫(5)封闭壳体，所述泡沫是位于两侧的粘合剂，并沉积在壳体(1)的周界(1a)。
8.如权利要求7所述的照明单元(1)，其特征在于，两个或更多个光偏转膜(6)借助其它泡沫联接在一起，其它泡沫是位于两侧上的粘合剂。
9.如权利要求1所述的照明单元(1)，其特征在于，所述照明单元被安装为位于外部后视镜中的报警指示器。
10.如权利要求9所述的照明单元(1)，其特征在于，所述报警指示器布置在外部后视镜壳体的面向驾驶员的内壁上。
11.如权利要求1所述的照明单元(1)，其特征在于，照明单元安装为车辆上的水坑灯。
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