CN108215420A - 一种新型太阳能电池背板膜 - Google Patents

一种新型太阳能电池背板膜 Download PDF

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CN108215420A
CN108215420A CN201711487721.XA CN201711487721A CN108215420A CN 108215420 A CN108215420 A CN 108215420A CN 201711487721 A CN201711487721 A CN 201711487721A CN 108215420 A CN108215420 A CN 108215420A
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connecting layer
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黄新华
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Zhejiang Ziwei New Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种新型太阳能电池背板膜，属于太阳能技术领域。本新型太阳能电池背板膜用于太阳能电池板的背面，封装结构从上至下依次是玻璃、上胶膜、电池板、下胶膜和背板膜，背板膜包括保护底层、中间夹层和衔接层，从上至下依次衔接层、中间夹层和保护底层，其特征在于，所述衔接层与上述下胶膜相连接，所述衔接层和中间夹层之间通过层合粘合剂一复合连接，中间夹层和保护底层之间通过层合粘合剂二复合连接，所述衔接层内部为波纹结构。本发明使得背板膜的反射率得到了极大的提高，不但可有效的降低本背板膜在使用过程中的升温状况，间接的提高了太阳能组件的寿命。

Description

一种新型太阳能电池背板膜
技术领域
本发明属于太阳能技术领域，涉及一种新型太阳能电池背板膜。
背景技术
太阳能电池背板也称为太阳能电池背板膜、光伏背板、光伏背板膜、太阳能背板。广泛应用于太阳能电池(光伏)组件，位于太阳能电池板的背面，对电池片起保护和支撑作用，具有可靠的绝缘性、阻水性、耐老化性。
背板用于组件的背面，是主要封装材料之一。组件背面的关键特征是它必须具有很低的热阻，并且必须有效阻止水蒸汽进入组件内部，对电池起保护和支撑作用，具有可靠的绝缘性、阻水性、耐老化性。一般具有三层结构，外层保护层，具有良好的抗环境侵蚀能力，中间层具有良好的绝缘性能，内层和EVA具有良好的粘接性能。背板是光伏组件一个非常重要的组成部分，用来抵御恶劣环境对组件造成伤害，确保组件使用寿命。
按背板膜分类，可分为三种：一种为涂胶复合式背板膜，在PET聚酯薄膜两面复合氟膜或者EVA胶膜，三层结构。一种为涂覆背板膜，在PET聚酯薄膜两面涂覆氟树脂，经干燥固化成膜。还有少数厂家采用交联反应法，在PET两面通过交联剂反应制作复合膜或EVA膜。
最早的光伏电池背板采用TPT结构，即Tedlar/PET/Tedlar结构，其中Tedlar为杜邦公司所生产的PVF(聚氟乙烯)薄膜，以杜邦公司的Tedlar为基材的背板主导了大部分的光伏背板市场，第一款进入光伏市场的产品为PVF2001，目前杜邦公司的Tedlar产品已经开发出第三代。按照光伏电池背板所采用的薄膜材质区分，可以将背板划分为Tedlar背板、含氟背板、PET背板与其他一些采用如PE材质的背板产品。
反射性能是太阳能电池背板膜在生产中的一个指标，反射率的大小影响着太阳能电池背板膜在使用中的升温状况，太阳能电池背板膜长期处于一个高热的状态下不但会影响其绝缘性能，还会间接降低相关组件的使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的技术存在上述问题，提出了新型太阳能电池背板膜。
本发明的目的可通过下列技术方案来实现：一种新型太阳能电池背板膜用于太阳能电池板的背面，封装结构从上至下依次是玻璃、上胶膜、电池板、下胶膜和背板膜，背板膜包括保护底层、中间夹层和衔接层，从上至下依次衔接层、中间夹层和保护底层，其特征在于，所述衔接层与上述下胶膜相连接，所述衔接层和中间夹层之间通过层合粘合剂一复合连接，中间夹层和保护底层之间通过层合粘合剂二复合连接，所述衔接层内部为波纹结构。
进一步，所述衔接层的厚度为10-20μm，所述中间夹层的厚度为120-350μm，所述粘合剂一和粘合剂二的厚度均为5-15μm，所述保护底层的厚度为5-40μm。
进一步，所述中间夹层采用PET聚酯。
进一步，所述保护底层和衔接层均采用硝酸纤维素、聚碳酸酯、丙烯酸烷基酯、银离子、流动改性剂、光稳定剂、热稳定剂、分散剂、颜料。
进一步，保护底层和衔接层为同种配置，且质量百分比组分如下：
进一步，所述衔接层包括上部层和下部层，所述上部层下端为波纹状，下部层上端为波纹状，上部层和下部层之间通过复压连接。
采用以上结构，使得衔接层中间部位具有双层波纹，对穿透的阳光具有一定发射，进一步提高了背板膜的反射率。
进一步，所述层合粘合剂一和层合粘合剂二的为同种材料，其包括聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂、环氧树脂或聚氨酯树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯中的一种。
进一步，上胶膜为EVA胶膜，下胶膜为POE胶膜。
EVA胶膜是一种乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物，具有熔点低，流动性好，透明度高，层压工艺成熟等优点；POE是一种乙烯-辛稀共聚物，是以茂金属作催化剂开发的具有窄相对分子质量分布和窄共聚单体分布、结构可控的新型聚烯烃热塑性弹性体。两者耐候性、耐紫外老化性能、耐热、耐低温性能均很强，POE胶膜具有更低的水蒸汽透过率，可降低对背板膜的照射力度，间接的降低了背板膜的聚热效果。
与现有技术相比，本新型太阳能电池背板膜的优点在于本新型太阳能电池背板膜的反射率得到了极大的提高，不但可有效的降低本背板膜在使用过程中的升温状况，间接的提高了太阳能组件的寿命，而且能将光线反射出去利用至电池片上提高其工作效率，同时本背板膜的耐候性也得到了一定的提高。
附图说明
图1是新型太阳能电池背板膜的剖视图。
图中，1、衔接层；2、中间夹层；3、保护底层；4、层合粘合剂一；5、层合粘合剂二。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例并结合附图，对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述，但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
如图1所示，本新型太阳能电池背板膜用于太阳能电池板的背面，封装结构从上至下依次是玻璃、上胶膜、电池板、下胶膜和背板膜，背板膜包括保护底层3、中间夹层2和衔接层1，从上至下依次衔接层1、中间夹层2和保护底层3，衔接层1与下胶膜相连接，上胶膜为EVA胶膜，下胶膜为POE胶膜。EVA胶膜是一种乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物，具有熔点低，流动性好，透明度高，层压工艺成熟等优点；POE是一种乙烯-辛稀共聚物，是以茂金属作催化剂开发的具有窄相对分子质量分布和窄共聚单体分布、结构可控的新型聚烯烃热塑性弹性体。两者耐候性、耐紫外老化性能、耐热、耐低温性能均很强，POE胶膜具有更低的水蒸汽透过率，可降低对背板膜的照射力度，间接的降低了背板膜的聚热效果。
衔接层1和中间夹层2之间通过层合粘合剂一4复合连接，中间夹层2和保护底层3之间通过层合粘合剂二5复合连接，衔接层1内部为波纹结构。衔接层1的厚度为12μm，中间夹层2的厚度为260μm，粘合剂一和粘合剂二的厚度均为8μm，保护底层3的厚度为18μm。中间夹层2采用PET聚酯。衔接层1包括上部层和下部层，上部层下端为波纹状，下部层上端为波纹状，上部层和下部层之间通过复压连接。使得衔接层1中间部位具有双层波纹，对穿透的阳光具有一定发射，进一步提高了背板膜的反射率。粘结层的材料包括聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂、环氧树脂或聚氨酯树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯中的一种。
保护底层3和衔接层1均采用硝酸纤维素、聚碳酸酯、丙烯酸烷基酯、银离子、流动改性剂、光稳定剂、热稳定剂、分散剂、颜料。
保护底层3：
衔接层1：
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。
尽管本文较多地使用了衔接层1、中间夹层2、保护底层3、层合粘合剂一4、层合粘合剂二5等术语，但并不排除使用其它术语的可能性。使用这些术语仅仅是为了更方便地描述和解释本发明的本质；把它们解释成任何一种附加的限制都是与本发明精神相违背的。

Claims (8)

1.一种新型太阳能电池背板膜，用于太阳能电池板的背面，封装结构从上至下依次是玻璃、上胶膜、电池板、下胶膜和背板膜，背板膜包括保护底层、中间夹层和衔接层，从上至下依次衔接层、中间夹层和保护底层，其特征在于，所述衔接层与上述下胶膜相连接，所述衔接层和中间夹层之间通过层合粘合剂一复合连接，中间夹层和保护底层之间通过层合粘合剂二复合连接，所述衔接层内部为波纹结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新型太阳能电池背板膜，其特征在于，所述衔接层的厚度为10-20μm，所述中间夹层的厚度为120-350μm，所述粘合剂一和粘合剂二的厚度均为5-15μm，所述保护底层的厚度为5-40μm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的新型太阳能电池背板膜，其特征在于，所述中间夹层采用PET聚酯。
4.根据权利要求3所述的新型太阳能电池背板膜，其特征在于，所述保护底层和衔接层均采用硝酸纤维素、聚碳酸酯、丙烯酸烷基酯、银离子、流动改性剂、光稳定剂、热稳定剂、分散剂、颜料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的新型太阳能电池背板膜，其特征在于，保护底层和衔接层为同种配置，且质量百分比组分如下：
6.根据权利要求1所述的新型太阳能电池背板膜，其特征在于，所述衔接层包括上部层和下部层，所述上部层下端为波纹状，下部层上端为波纹状，上部层和下部层之间通过复压连接。
7.根据权利要求1所述的新型太阳能电池背板膜，其特征在于，所述层合粘合剂一和层合粘合剂二的为同种材料，其包括聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂、环氧树脂或聚氨酯树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯中的一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的新型太阳能电池背板膜，其特征在于，上胶膜为EVA胶膜，下胶膜为POE胶膜。
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