CN111785803A - 一种抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板 - Google Patents
一种抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于太阳能光伏电池技术领域,尤其为一种抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板,包括外层耐候保护层、阻隔层、结构增强层和层压粘结层,其中,所述外层耐候保护层与阻隔层之间通过第一粘合层粘结固定,所述阻隔层的内表面设有防裂涂层。本发明在满足太阳能电池背板绝缘性、粘接性以及耐候性能要求的同时,使太阳能电池背板具有良好的水汽阻隔性,大幅度降低了水汽透过率,同时利用炭黑增加胶料的粘度、定伸应力及硬度,通过碳纤维的加入增强了涂层的拉伸、撕裂、剥离强度,使涂层及背板力学性能得到大幅度提高,较之传统的背板结构极大地显著提升了太阳能电池背板的防裂性能,有效延长太阳能电池背板的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能光伏电池技术领域,具体为一种抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板。
背景技术
太阳能作为一种绿色环保、取之不尽的能源是替代传统火力发电的最佳选择。由于太阳能电池需长期暴露在室外使用,所以光伏组件中的电池片必须要加以保护,以防止大气中水汽、氧气、紫外线等环境因素的影响和破坏。因此,需要在电池片的下端加一层背板来保护电池片。在此基础上,要求太阳能电池背板具有以下特性:首先,太阳能电池背板要有非常优异的耐侯性,能抵抗恶劣的天气;其次,太阳能电池背板要求有非常好的紫外吸收能力,更好的保护用来固定硅片和EVA,另外,太阳能电池背板还必须具有非常低的水蒸汽渗透率,保护硅片因此而受潮短路。
现有的太阳能电池背板普遍采用该外层耐候保护层、中层结构增强层和内层粘结层结构,其组成之间通过粘合层进行粘结交联,通过外层耐候保护层使背板具有良好的耐候性,但这种背板结构的力学性能仅依靠中层结构增强层支持,中层结构增强层一般采用聚酯薄膜,其具有一定的水汽阻隔性能、绝缘性以及强度,但防裂抗裂性能较差,拉伸、撕裂、剥离强度较低,力学性能强度以及稳定性一般,且不能满足低水汽透过率要求,影响太阳能电池背板的使用寿命。
发明内容
(一)解决的技术问题
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板,解决了现有的太阳能电池背板防裂抗裂性能较差,拉伸、撕裂、剥离强度较低,力学性能强度以及稳定性一般,且不能满足低水汽透过率要求,影响太阳能电池背板的使用寿命的问题。
(二)技术方案
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板,包括外层耐候保护层、阻隔层、结构增强层和层压粘结层,其中,所述外层耐候保护层与阻隔层之间通过第一粘合层粘结固定,所述阻隔层的内表面设有防裂涂层,所述防裂涂层为PET/炭黑/碳纤维复合材料涂层,所述防裂涂层通过第二粘合层与结构增强层粘结固定,所述结构增强层通过第三粘合层与层压粘结层粘结固定。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述外层耐候保护层为氟材料层,该氟材料层选用聚氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、偏氟乙烯-四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物中的一种或多种组合,所述外层耐候保护层占抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板厚度的8~15%。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述阻隔层为通过将铝和氧的反应物真空镀在基材上形成的镀氧化铝层,所述阻隔层占抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板厚度的5~10%。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述结构增强层为PET薄膜,所述结构增强层占抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板厚度的50~60%。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述层压粘结层采用改性后的含氟薄膜或PEVA膜或PE膜,所述层压粘结层占老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板厚度的5~10%。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述防裂涂层是将聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯作为基体材料与炭黑和短切碳纤维熔融混合制备而成的复合材料涂层,所述防裂涂层占老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板厚度的5~15%。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述第一粘合层、第二粘合层和第三粘合层的材料均为聚氨酯胶黏剂、丙烯酸胶黏剂、聚醋酸乙烯酯胶黏剂、聚酯胶黏剂或环氧树脂胶黏剂,所述第一粘合层、第二粘合层和第三粘合层占老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板厚度的2~10%。
(三)有益效果
与现有技术相比,本发明提供了一种抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板,具备以下有益效果:
该抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板,在满足太阳能电池背板绝缘性、粘接性以及耐候性能要求的同时,通过阻隔层和结构增强层的组合结构设置,使太阳能电池背板具有良好的水汽阻隔性,大幅度降低了水汽透过率,同时通过在阻隔层与结构增强层之间增设防裂涂层,利用炭黑增加胶料的粘度、定伸应力及硬度,通过碳纤维的加入增强了涂层的拉伸、撕裂、剥离强度,使涂层及背板力学性能得到大幅度提高,较之传统的背板结构极大地显著提升了太阳能电池背板的防裂性能,有效延长太阳能电池背板的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图中:1、外层耐候保护层;2、阻隔层;3、结构增强层;4、层压粘结层;5、第一粘合层;6、防裂涂层;7、第二粘合层;8、第三粘合层。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例
请参阅图1,本发明提供以下技术方案:一种抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板,包括外层耐候保护层1、阻隔层2、结构增强层3和层压粘结层4,其中,外层耐候保护层1与阻隔层2之间通过第一粘合层5粘结固定,阻隔层2的内表面设有防裂涂层6,防裂涂层6为PET/炭黑/碳纤维复合材料涂层,防裂涂层6通过第二粘合层7与结构增强层3粘结固定,结构增强层3通过第三粘合层8与层压粘结层4粘结固定。
具体的,外层耐候保护层1为氟材料层,该氟材料层选用聚氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、偏氟乙烯-四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物中的一种或多种组合,外层耐候保护层1占抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板厚度的8~15%。
本实施例中,为了使背板具有良好的耐候性,抗老化,一般要求背板外层材料为含氟材料,如聚氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、偏氟乙烯-四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物中的一种或多种组合,其中以聚氟乙烯和聚偏氟乙烯最为常见,具体应用时优选聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF),PVDF聚偏氟乙烯,除具有良好的耐化学腐蚀性、耐高温性、耐氧化性、耐候性、耐射线辐射性能外,还具有压电性、介电性、热电性等特殊性能,是目前含氟材料中产量名列第二位的大产品;由于PVDF的密度是PVF的1.3-1.4倍,在分子结构上多一个氟原子,所以比聚氟乙烯(PVF)更致密、更耐候、阻隔性更好。
具体的,阻隔层2为通过将铝和氧的反应物真空镀在基材上形成的镀氧化铝层,阻隔层2占抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板厚度的5~10%。
本实施例中,阻隔层2采用镀氧化铝层,即氧化铝层,进一步提升了背板的阻隔性能,有效防止水汽侵蚀。
具体的,结构增强层3为PET薄膜,结构增强层3占抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板厚度的50~60%。
本实施例中,结构增强层3采用PET薄膜,PET是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的简称,又称聚酯薄膜,乳白色或浅黄色、高度结晶的聚合物,表面平滑有光泽。具有优良的物理机械性能,长期使用温度可达120℃℃,短期使用可耐150℃高温,可耐-70℃低温,且高、低温时对其机械性能影响很小。电绝缘性优良,甚至在高温高频下,其电性能仍较好,抗蠕变性、耐疲劳性、耐摩擦性、尺寸稳定性都很好。气体和水蒸气渗透率低,由于聚酯薄膜具有良好的绝缘性能和强度,因此采用PET膜来作为支持体。
具体的,层压粘结层4采用改性后的含氟薄膜或PEVA膜或PE膜,层压粘结层4占老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板厚度的5~10%。
本实施例中,层压粘结层4采用改性后的含氟薄膜或PEVA膜或PE膜,上述材料均具有良好的粘结性能。
具体的,防裂涂层6是将聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯作为基体材料与炭黑和短切碳纤维熔融混合制备而成的复合材料涂层,防裂涂层6占老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板厚度的5~15%。
本实施例中,防裂涂层6是将聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯作为基体材料与炭黑和短切碳纤维熔融混合制备而成的复合材料涂层,即PET/炭黑/碳纤维复合材料涂层,复合涂层中利用炭黑增加胶料的粘度、定伸应力及硬度,碳纤维与涂层结合良好,通过碳纤维的加入使涂层力学性能得到大幅度提高,且有效降低了涂层的摩擦系数。
具体的,第一粘合层5、第二粘合层7和第三粘合层8的材料均为聚氨酯胶黏剂、丙烯酸胶黏剂、聚醋酸乙烯酯胶黏剂、聚酯胶黏剂或环氧树脂胶黏剂,第一粘合层5、第二粘合层7和第三粘合层8占老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板厚度的2~10%。
本实施例中,第一粘合层5、第二粘合层7和第三粘合层8用于将背板各组成紧密粘合于一体,聚氨酯胶黏剂、丙烯酸胶黏剂、聚醋酸乙烯酯胶黏剂、聚酯胶黏剂或环氧树脂胶黏剂均具有良好的粘结性,适用于太阳能电池背板组成粘合交联。
本发明的工作原理及使用流程:制备时,将结构增强层3原材料通过双向拉伸工艺制成薄膜,即得到结构增强层3,继而在结构增强层3的内外表面分别涂以聚氨酯胶黏剂、丙烯酸胶黏剂、聚醋酸乙烯酯胶黏剂、聚酯胶黏剂和环氧树脂胶黏剂中的一种胶黏剂,继而将通过聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯作为基体材料与炭黑和短切碳纤维熔融混合制备而成的防裂涂层6(PET/炭黑/碳纤维复合材料涂层)粘结于结构增强层3的外表面上,利用炭黑增加胶料的粘度、定伸应力及硬度,通过碳纤维的加入使涂层力学性能得到大幅度提高,防裂性能优良,再将层压粘结层4粘结于结构增强层3的内表面上,最后依次通过胶黏剂将阻隔层2和外层耐候保护层1粘结于防裂涂层6的外表面上,即完成太阳能电池背板的制备步骤;经多次背板基本性能测试结果表明,该太阳能电池背板在满足良好的水汽阻隔性、绝缘性、粘接性以及耐候性能的同时,通过在阻隔层2与结构增强层3之间增设防裂涂层6,利用炭黑增加胶料的粘度、定伸应力及硬度,通过碳纤维的加入使涂层力学性能得到大幅度提高,较之传统的背板结构极大地显著提升了太阳能电池背板的防裂性能,有效延长太阳能电池背板的使用寿命。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板,其特征在于:包括外层耐候保护层(1)、阻隔层(2)、结构增强层(3)和层压粘结层(4),其中,所述外层耐候保护层(1)与阻隔层(2)之间通过第一粘合层(5)粘结固定,所述阻隔层(2)的内表面设有防裂涂层(6),所述防裂涂层(6)为PET/炭黑/碳纤维复合材料涂层,所述防裂涂层(6)通过第二粘合层(7)与结构增强层(3)粘结固定,所述结构增强层(3)通过第三粘合层(8)与层压粘结层(4)粘结固定。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板,其特征在于:所述外层耐候保护层(1)为氟材料层,该氟材料层选用聚氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、偏氟乙烯-四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物中的一种或多种组合,所述外层耐候保护层(1)占抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板厚度的8~15%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板,其特征在于:所述阻隔层(2)为通过将铝和氧的反应物真空镀在基材上形成的镀氧化铝层,所述阻隔层(2)占抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板厚度的5~10%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板,其特征在于:所述结构增强层(3)为PET薄膜,所述结构增强层(3)占抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板厚度的50~60%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板,其特征在于:所述层压粘结层(4)采用改性后的含氟薄膜或PEVA膜或PE膜,所述层压粘结层(4)占老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板厚度的5~10%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板,其特征在于:所述防裂涂层(6)是将聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯作为基体材料与炭黑和短切碳纤维熔融混合制备而成的复合材料涂层,所述防裂涂层(6)占老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板厚度的5~15%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板,其特征在于:所述第一粘合层(5)、第二粘合层(7)和第三粘合层(8)的材料均为聚氨酯胶黏剂、丙烯酸胶黏剂、聚醋酸乙烯酯胶黏剂、聚酯胶黏剂或环氧树脂胶黏剂,所述第一粘合层(5)、第二粘合层(7)和第三粘合层(8)占老化防裂多晶太阳能电池背板厚度的2~10%。
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