CN108195282A - A kind of ice layer thickness measuring device based on piezoresistance sensor - Google Patents
A kind of ice layer thickness measuring device based on piezoresistance sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN108195282A CN108195282A CN201711403374.8A CN201711403374A CN108195282A CN 108195282 A CN108195282 A CN 108195282A CN 201711403374 A CN201711403374 A CN 201711403374A CN 108195282 A CN108195282 A CN 108195282A
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- piezoresistance sensor
- piezoresistance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B7/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of ice layer thickness measuring devices, concretely relate to a kind of ice layer thickness measuring device based on piezoresistance sensor, belong to automatic measurement technique field.Solving contact type ice thickness measuring device in the prior art or sensor, there are the technical problems such as complicated or measurement error is big.The device includes piezoresistance sensor, chip select circuit, microcontroller, resistance conversion circuit, power circuit and shell.Several independent piezoresistance sensors are equidistantly fixed on the surface of shell, and air, ice sheet or subglacial water are changed into the active force of piezoresistance sensor to the variation of resistance value respectively.Microcontroller control chip select circuit gates piezoresistance sensor individually all the way successively.The resistance value of the road piezoresistance sensor is converted to voltage value output by resistance conversion circuit.Microcontroller measures and relatively per voltage value all the way, determines the position of the upper and lower interface of ice sheet, calculate ice layer thickness.The device has many advantages, such as simple in structure, reliable and stable, convenient for installation and maintenance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ice layer thickness measuring devices, concretely relate to a kind of ice sheet based on piezoresistance sensor
Measurer for thickness belongs to automatic measurement technique field.
Background technology
In fields such as weather forecast, ice flood prevention and facility structure health monitorings, the situation of change of ice layer thickness is one
Need the important environmental parameters measured.In order to measure the thickness of ice sheet, people have to drilling of making a hole in the ice, and ruler is utilized to measure ice sheet
Thickness.Although the method for this manual measurement measures accurate, time-consuming and laborious, dangerous height, it is impossible to continuously, monitor in real time
The variation of ice layer thickness.
Later, some contact type ice layer thickness measuring techniques and device occurred in succession.Chinese patent
（201210139060.2）A kind of dual system ice layer thickness measuring device is disclosed, using can two groups of spies that can move up and down
Head clamps ice sheet, and the thickness of ice sheet is calculated by the mobile distance of two probes.Although this method high certainty of measurement, structure
Complexity, range is small, is difficult to install and safeguard.Chinese patent（200410012164.2）And Chinese patent（200510012794.4）
Conductance type and condenser type ice layer thickness sensor are individually disclosed, by due to resistance caused by air, ice and water and capacitance
Otherness determines the position of the upper and lower interface of ice sheet, so as to calculate the thickness of ice sheet.But due to the conductivity of air and ice
Very close with the electrology characteristics such as dielectric constant, both methods cannot all be accurately determined the position at the upper interface of ice sheet, so as to
The thickness of ice sheet can not be accurately measured.
Invention content
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are for contact type ice thickness measuring device or sensing in background technology
Device there are the defects of and deficiency, a kind of ice layer thickness measuring device based on piezoresistance sensor is provided, by comparing on ice
The variation of air, ice sheet and subglacial water to resistance value caused by the difference of the active force generated on piezoresistance sensor, Ke Yiqing
The position of the upper and lower interface of ice sheet is distinguished clearly, so as to accurately calculate the thickness of ice sheet.
Realization that the present invention adopts the following technical solutions：
A kind of ice layer thickness measuring device based on piezoresistance sensor, including piezoresistance sensor, chip select circuit, microcontroller, electricity
Hinder conversion circuit, power circuit and shell；
Several independent piezoresistance sensors are equidistantly fixed on the outer surface of shell；Chip select circuit, microcontroller, resistance conversion
Circuit and power circuit are respectively positioned on the inside of shell；Chip select circuit includes multiple choosings and switchs, and passes through data between piece choosing switch
Bus is connected；Each piezoresistance sensor is set there are two pin, and piece selects the quantity of switch and the pin of all piezoresistance sensors total
Number is consistent；Each pin of piezoresistance sensor is connected with the input terminal of a piece choosing switch；It is all to be connected to pressure drag sensing
The output terminal of the piece choosing switch of first pin of device all links together, and forms a common end；It is all to be connected to pressure drag biography
The output terminal of the piece choosing switch of second pin of sensor all links together, and forms another common end；Two common ends point
It does not link together with two input terminals of resistance conversion circuit；There is mould on the output terminal and microcontroller of resistance conversion circuit
The pin of number conversion function is connected；Microcontroller is connected by data/address bus with chip select circuit；Power circuit gives piece respectively
Select circuit, microcontroller and the power supply of resistance conversion circuit.
The principle of the present invention is as follows：Winter, low temperature can cause river, lake etc. icing phenomenon occur, so as to form
Ice sheet, on ice air and three kinds of media of subglacial water.If punched in ice face, the device of the invention is put into.When ice face again
Freeze, it is freeze-up after, the medium around the device is followed successively by air, ice sheet and subglacial water according to sequence from top to down.
Under normal circumstances（Exclude the situation of strong wind and billow）, the active force between ice sheet and piezoresistance sensor to be far longer than air and
Subglacial water is to the active force of piezoresistance sensor.The resistance of piezoresistance sensor can become smaller with the increase of external force.Therefore, in ice sheet
In the resistance of piezoresistance sensor to be far smaller than the resistance of the piezoresistance sensor in air and subglacial water.So, if pressed
According to sequence from the top down, the upper interface of ice sheet is located in the place of the resistance value of adjacent piezoresistance sensor from large to small.Ice sheet
Lower interface be located in the place that the resistance value of adjacent piezoresistance sensor is changed from small to big.Microcontroller controls chip select circuit, utilizes
Resistance conversion circuit is successively to measuring and comparing per piezoresistance sensor all the way, it is possible to determine the Lower and upper bounds of ice sheet
The position in face, and the position for passing through upper and lower interface calculates the thickness of ice sheet.
Further, the shell is made of low-temperature resistant plastic material；Shell turns chip select circuit, microcontroller, resistance
It changes circuit and power circuit sealing wherein, and does water-proofing treatment；Piezoresistance sensor is located at the outside of shell, and does at anticorrosion
Reason.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows simple in structure, reliable and stable, convenient for installation and maintenance, and can
The position of the clear upper and lower interface for distinguishing ice sheet, so as to accurately calculate the thickness of ice sheet.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the ice layer thickness measuring device schematic diagram based on piezoresistance sensor.
Fig. 2 is resistance conversion circuit schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is overall effect figure.
1- piezoresistance sensors, 2- chip select circuits, 3- microcontrollers, 4- resistance conversion circuits, 5- power circuits, 6- shells,
7- air, 8- ice sheets, 9- subglacial waters, 10- pieces choosing switch, 11- current-limiting resistances, 12- operational amplifiers.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The present invention includes piezoresistance sensor 1, chip select circuit 2, microcontroller 3, resistance conversion circuit 4, power circuit 5 and outer
Shell 6, as shown in Figure 1.
Several independent piezoresistance sensors 1 are equidistantly fixed on the outer surface of shell 6.Chip select circuit 2, microcontroller 3,
Resistance conversion circuit 4 and power circuit 5 are respectively positioned on the inside of shell 6.Chip select circuit 2 includes multiple choosings and switchs 10, and piece choosing is opened
It is connected between closing 10 by data/address bus.Each piezoresistance sensor 1 is set there are two pin, and piece selects the quantity of switch 10 with owning
The sum of the pin of piezoresistance sensor 1 is consistent.Each pin of piezoresistance sensor 1 passes through the through-hole on shell 6 and one respectively
The input terminal of a piece choosing switch 10 is connected.The piece of all first pins for being connected to piezoresistance sensor 1 selects the defeated of switch 10
Outlet all links together, and forms a common end；The piece choosing of all second coil pins for being connected to piezoresistance sensor 1 is opened
The output terminal of pass 10 all links together, and forms another common end.Two common ends, two with resistance conversion circuit 4 respectively
Input terminal links together.The output terminal of resistance conversion circuit 4 is connected with the pin on microcontroller 3 with analog-digital conversion function
It connects.Microcontroller 4 is connected by data/address bus with chip select circuit 2.Power circuit 5 is respectively to chip select circuit 2, microcontroller 3
It powers with resistance conversion circuit 4.
Piezoresistance sensor 1 is a kind of sensor that external force can be converted to resistance change.In order to realize ice layer thickness
Measurement, several independent piezoresistance sensors 1 need to equidistantly be fixed on the outer surface of shell 6.The quantity of piezoresistance sensor 1 with
Range is related with measurement accuracy, as shown in formula 1.
（1）
Assuming that range to be measured is 2 meters, measurement accuracy 1cm, then the sum of piezoresistance sensor 1 is 200.Piezoresistance sensor
1 can be used the FSR of Interlink electronics, inc.s@400 short-tail sensors（Referred to as FSR400）, sensitive layer is straight
Diameter is 5mm, and the total length for including lead is 20mm, and simulation power is 0.2N.The front of FSR400 is the sensitive layer of external force,
It need to be in contact with the external world.The back side of FSR400 is adhered layer, and the outer surface of shell 6 can be pasted onto by adhesive.FSR400
Pin can be bent, be connected by the input terminal of the piece choosing switch 10 of the through-hole on shell 6 and chip select circuit 2.
Chip select circuit 2 is used to gating or disconnecting the piezoresistance sensor 1 per all the way, makes resistance conversion circuit 4 in the same time
In data acquisition only is carried out to individually piezoresistance sensor 1 all the way.Chip select circuit 2 can utilize the string of ANALOG DEVICES companies
Row control switch chip ADGS1412 is realized.ADGS1412 contains four independent single-pole single-throw switch (SPST)s, that is, contains
Four piece choosing switches 10.Since FSR400 is there are two pin, each ADGS1412 can connect two FSR400.Therefore, it is required
The quantity of ADGS1412 is the half of the total amount of FSR400.ADGS1412 supports the control of SPI data/address bus, therefore, multiple
It is connected between ADGS1412 by spi bus.
Resistance conversion circuit 4 is a kind of resistance/voltage conversion circuit, can turn the variation of the resistance value of piezoresistance sensor 1
Become the variation of voltage value.Resistance conversion circuit 4 is made of a current-limiting resistance 11 and an operational amplifier 12, such as Fig. 2 institutes
Show.The resistance value of current-limiting resistance 11 is identical with resistance value of the piezoresistance sensor 1 under non-stress.Operational amplifier 12 is optional
With the single channel micro energy lose operational amplifier MAX4091 of MAXIM companies.One input terminal of resistance conversion circuit 4 and power circuit 5
The 3.3V of output is connected, another input terminal is connected with one end of current-limiting resistance 11.The other end of current-limiting resistance 11 is connected to the ground.
The output terminal of operational amplifier 12 is connected with the negative input end of operational amplifier 12 forms voltage follower.Operational amplifier 12
Positive input terminal be connected with the ungrounded end of current-limiting resistance 11.The output terminal of resistance conversion circuit 4 is exactly operational amplifier 12
Output terminal.When chip select circuit 2 gates certain piezoresistance sensor 1 all the way, piezoresistance sensor 1 forms series electrical with current-limiting resistance 11
Road.When external force makes the resistance of piezoresistance sensor 1 become small, the electric current for flowing through piezoresistance sensor 1 and current-limiting resistance 11 becomes larger, so as to
The voltage difference on current-limiting resistance 11 is made to become larger.Therefore, external force is bigger, the voltage that resistance conversion circuit 4 exports（That is piezoresistance sensor
Voltage caused by 1）Also it is bigger.Since ice sheet 8 is far longer than the active force of piezoresistance sensor 1 air 7 and subglacial water 9 to pressure drag
The active force of sensor 1, voltage caused by the piezoresistance sensor 1 in ice sheet 8 are greater than the pressure in air 7 and subglacial water 9
Voltage caused by hindering sensor 1.Under normal circumstances（Exclude the situation of strong wind and billow）, according to sequence from top to down, ice
The place that voltage caused by the upper interface of layer 8 is located in adjacent piezoresistance sensor 1 changes from small to big.The lower interface of ice sheet 8 is in place
The place of voltage from large to small caused by adjacent piezoresistance sensor 1.
Microcontroller 3 is the control centre of whole device, and not only controlling chip select circuit 2, gating pressure drag passes successively from the top down
Sensor 1 is also read by resistance conversion circuit 4 per voltage value caused by piezoresistance sensor 1 all the way.U.S. can be used in microcontroller 3
The microcontroller CC1310 of Texas Instruments of state, inside be not only integrated with 48MHz Cortex@- M3 microcontrollers, 12
The RF transceivers of analog-digital converter and super low-power consumption also with SPI synchronous serial interfaces, support SPI data/address bus.CC1310 with
It is connected between the chip select circuit 2 built by ADGS1412 by SPI data/address bus.
Power circuit 5 is used to power for chip select circuit 2, microcontroller 3 and resistance conversion circuit 4, turns preferably by power supply
Chip LM2575 and LM1117 is changed to realize that voltage is converted, exports 5V and 3.3V.
Shell 6 is the skeleton of whole device, is made of low-temperature resistant plastic material, for fixing piezoresistance sensor 1, piece choosing electricity
Road 2, microcontroller 3, resistance conversion circuit 4 and power circuit 5.Wherein, piezoresistance sensor 1 is fixed in the outer surface of shell 6.
Chip select circuit 2, microcontroller 3, resistance conversion circuit 4 and power circuit 5 are fixed in the inside of shell 6.Shell 6 preferably by
Low temperature resistant polyethylene（PE）Material is made.Since piezoresistance sensor 1 need to be in contact with the external world, the surface of piezoresistance sensor 1 can be with
It is coated using epoxy resin, one layer of anti oxidation layer is formed, so as to prevent piezoresistance sensor 1 by extraneous oxidation corrosion.Shell 6 it is interior
Portion need to do water-proofing treatment, be poured using epoxy resin, it is ensured that chip select circuit 2, microcontroller 3, resistance conversion circuit 4, power supply
Circuit 5 and water segregation.
The length of shell 6 and the quantity needs of piezoresistance sensor 1 are designed according to the maximum thickness of ice sheet 8 to be measured.
The range of length and piezoresistance sensor 1 distribution of shell 6 requires more than the maximum value of 8 thickness of ice sheet to be measured, it is ensured that piezoresistance sensor 1
It need to be respectively distributed in air 7, ice sheet 8 and subglacial water 9.
The ice layer thickness measuring device of the present invention, as shown in figure 3, being primarily adapted for use in the ice to river, lake or reservoir
Layer carries out ice layer thickness automatic measurement.
A specific embodiment is listed below, technical scheme of the present invention is further described.
The embodiment is that the ice layer thickness in lake is measured using the device：
Before measurement, which need to put in the ice cave chiseled in advance perpendicular to ice face, and pass through outside support（Such as wood or foot
Hand cradle etc.）Be fixed in ice face, and ensure after ice cave regelation is freeze-up, piezoresistance sensor 1 be respectively distributed to air 7,
In ice sheet 8 and subglacial water 9.
During measurement, microcontroller first by SPI data/address bus control chip select circuit 2 from the top down successively gating with it is to be measured
Piezoresistance sensor 1 the piece choosing switch 10 that is connected of two pins, disconnect other pieces choosing switches 10.Then, microcontroller 3
It measures by 4 transformed voltage of resistance conversion circuit.
After measurement, microcontroller 3 is from the top down relatively per voltage value all the way.Due under normal circumstances（Row
Except the situation of strong wind and billow）, voltage value caused by the piezoresistance sensor 1 in ice sheet 8 is greater than in air 7 and subglacial water 9
In piezoresistance sensor 1 caused by voltage value.When certain voltage value all the way becomes larger relative to upper voltage value all the way, then it is believed that
This piezoresistance sensor 1 all the way is in ice sheet 8.Here it is also believed to the upper interface of ice sheet 8（The boundary of ice sheet 8 and air 7
Place）.Microcontroller 3 preserves the serial number of this piezoresistance sensor all the way（Per sensing unit all the way, all there are one unique serial numbers.Sequence
It number is sequentially increased according to sequence from top to down）, it is set asa.When certain voltage value all the way becomes smaller relative to upper voltage value all the way,
Then it is believed that this piezoresistance sensor 1 all the way is in subglacial water 9.Here it is also believed to the lower interface of ice sheet 8（Ice sheet 8 and ice
The intersection of lower water 9）.Microcontroller 3 preserves the serial number of this piezoresistance sensor all the way, is set asb.Finally, microcontroller 3 passes through
The position at the upper and lower interface of ice sheet 8 can calculate the thickness of ice sheet, as shown in formula 2.
（2）
Claims (2)
1. a kind of ice layer thickness measuring device based on piezoresistance sensor, which is characterized in that including piezoresistance sensor（1）, piece choosing
Circuit（2）, microcontroller（3）, resistance conversion circuit（4）, power circuit（5）And shell（6）；
Several independent piezoresistance sensors（1）Equidistantly it is fixed on shell（6）Outer surface；Chip select circuit（2）, microcontroller
（3）, resistance conversion circuit（4）And power circuit（5）It is respectively positioned on shell（6）Inside；Chip select circuit（2）It is opened including multiple choosings
It closes（10）, piece choosing switch（10）Between be connected by data/address bus；Each piezoresistance sensor（1）If there are two pin, piece choosing
Switch（10）Quantity and all piezoresistance sensors（1）Pin sum it is consistent；Piezoresistance sensor（1）Each pin and one
A piece choosing switch（10）Input terminal be connected；It is all to be connected to piezoresistance sensor（1）First pin piece choosing switch
（10）Output terminal all link together, formed a common end；It is all to be connected to piezoresistance sensor（1）Second pin
Piece choosing switch（10）Output terminal all link together, form another common end；Electricity is converted with resistance in two common ends respectively
Road（4）Two input terminals link together；Resistance conversion circuit（4）Output terminal and microcontroller（3）On with modulus turn
The pin for changing function is connected；Microcontroller（3）Pass through data/address bus and chip select circuit（2）It is connected；Power circuit（5）Respectively
To chip select circuit（2）, microcontroller（3）With resistance conversion circuit（4）Power supply.
2. a kind of ice layer thickness measuring device based on piezoresistance sensor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described outer
Shell（6）It is made of low-temperature resistant plastic material；Shell（6）By chip select circuit（2）, microcontroller（3）, resistance conversion circuit（4）With
Power circuit（5）Sealing wherein, and does water-proofing treatment；Piezoresistance sensor（1）Positioned at shell（6）Outside, and do anticorrosion
Processing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711403374.8A CN108195282B (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2017-12-22 | Ice layer thickness measuring device based on piezoresistive sensor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711403374.8A CN108195282B (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2017-12-22 | Ice layer thickness measuring device based on piezoresistive sensor |
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| CN108195282A true CN108195282A (en) | 2018-06-22 |
| CN108195282B CN108195282B (en) | 2020-11-03 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020063491A1 (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-04-02 | 山东大学 | Semiconductor piezoresistive icing detector and working method |
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