CN108194830A - 一种基于吸收式热泵的液化气体气化装置及方法 - Google Patents
一种基于吸收式热泵的液化气体气化装置及方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种基于吸收式热泵的液化气体气化装置及方法,该装置包括液化气体气化器、冷凝器、再生器、蒸发器、换热器和溶液循环泵,其中,液化气体气化器的液化气体通道通过输气管道与冷凝器的一个换热通道连接,冷凝器的另一换热通道的出口连接蒸发器,蒸发器进一步连接液化气体气化器的制冷剂通道,液化气体的制冷剂通道经由溶液循环泵和换热器的一个换热通道之后连接再生器的进口,再生器的气体出口连接冷凝器的另一换热通道的进口,再生器的液体出口经由换热器的另一换热通道也连接于液化气体气化器的制冷剂通道。本发明能够降低液化气体气化过程中的能耗,提高能源利用率,实用更少的热量达到气化目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于吸收式热泵的液化气体气化装置及其方法。
背景技术
液化气体在气化过程中需要吸收大量的热量,这些热量通过空温式气化器或水浴式气化器提供。空温式气化器主要从空气中吸收热量,受环境温度影响比较大,在中国的北方地区由于冬季环境温度比较低,限制了空温式气化器的使用。同时空温式气化器在气化过程中把液化气体的冷量释放到环境中,使周围环境温度降低,并形成冷雾,对周围环境造成影响。
水浴式气化器主要通过热水来提供气化过程中的热量,热水主要通过电加热、锅炉或加热炉来提供。能耗比较高。由于液化气体温度比较低,直接使用水来加热存在水凝固的风险。
发明内容
针对液化气体气化过程中出现的加热介质凝固、能耗高、对环境不利的问题,本发明通过使用吸收式热泵的方式提高能源利用效率,使用更少的热量来达到液化气体气化的目的,同时由于吸收剂溶液的凝固点比较低,使用吸收剂溶液来气化液化气体可以有效防止溶液凝固现象的发生。
本发明的一种基于吸收式热泵的液化气体气化装置,其包括液化气体气化器、冷凝器、再生器、蒸发器、换热器和溶液循环泵,其中,液化气体气化器的液化气体通道通过输气管道与冷凝器的一个换热通道连接,冷凝器的另一换热通道的出口连接蒸发器,蒸发器进一步连接液化气体气化器的制冷剂通道,液化气体的制冷剂通道经由溶液循环泵和换热器的一个换热通道之后连接再生器的进口,再生器的气体出口连接冷凝器的另一换热通道的进口,再生器的液体出口经由换热器的另一换热通道也连接于液化气体气化器的制冷剂通道。
进一步地,所述冷凝器与蒸发器之间的管道上还设有节流阀。
进一步地,所述液化气体气化器使用管壳式换热器、绕管式换热器、板式换热器或板壳式换热器中的任意一种,优选管壳式换热器。
进一步地,所述再生器使用分离器或分离塔。
进一步地,所述蒸发器使用管壳式换热器、绕管式换热器、板式换热器、板壳式换热器或空冷器中的任意一种,优选管壳式换热器。
本发明还提供一种使用吸收式热泵将液化气体气化的方法,包括:液化气体经管道进入液化气体气化器,液化气体在液化气体气化器中吸收制冷剂在吸收剂中的溶解热以及制冷剂和吸收剂本身携带的显热气化为气体,气化后的气体经输气管道进入冷凝器进一步加热后输出,
同时,通过蒸发器吸热转换的气态制冷剂与吸收剂进入液化气体气化器,吸收剂在液化气体气化器中吸收制冷剂并释放热量用于将液化气体气化,吸收制冷剂的吸收剂溶液(变成制冷剂浓度较高的浓吸收剂溶液)经过循环泵加压后进入再生器加热,再生器中加热后产生的制冷剂气体进入冷凝器与经过冷凝器的气化后的液化气体换热而被冷凝为液态,再进入蒸发器加热成气态制冷剂,重复上述处理过程;
再生器中底部抽出的吸收剂通过与上述吸收制冷剂的吸收剂溶液换热后,送入液化气体气化器中吸收制冷剂并释放热量用于将液化气体气化,重复上述处理过程。
进一步地,从冷凝器出来的液态制冷剂经过节流后送入蒸发器加热。
进一步地,所述制冷剂选用氨、水、甲醇、R12或R22中的任意一种。
进一步地,所述吸收剂选用水、溴化锂、硫氰酸钠、氯化钙、硫酸、矿物质油或二甲基甲酰胺中的任意一种。
进一步地,所述液化气体气化器用于液化气体的气化或低温气体的复热,可以选自管壳式换热器、绕管式换热器、板式换热器或板壳式换热器中的任意一种,优选绕管式换热器。
进一步地,所述再生器的热源选用直燃炉、蒸汽锅炉、电、地热、太阳能或工厂废热中的任意一种。
进一步地,蒸发器的热源选用空气、水、废热、污水、废气或地热中的任意一种。
进一步地,液化气体选自液化天然气、液氧、液体二氧化碳、液氮等中的任意一种。
本发明的有益效果,本发明提供的一种基于吸收式热泵的液化气体气化装置能够降低液化气体气化过程中的能耗,节约资源,降低生产成本。
附图说明
图1为一种基于吸收式热泵的液化气体气化的工艺的流程图,其中1:蒸发器,2:液化气体气化器,3:溶液循环泵,4:节流阀,5:冷凝器,6:再生器,7:换热器,8:节流阀,301、302、303、304、305、306、307、308:管道。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图进一步说明本发明。
如图1所示,本发明的一种基于吸收式热泵的液化气体气化装置,其包括其包括液化气体气化器2、冷凝器5、再生器6、蒸发器1、换热器7和溶液循环泵3,其中,液化气体气化器2的液化气体通道通过输气管道303与冷凝器5的一个换热通道连接,冷凝器5的另一换热通道的出口经由节流阀4连接蒸发器1,蒸发器1进一步连接液化气体气化器2的制冷剂通道,液化气体的制冷剂通道经由溶液循环泵3和换热器7的一个换热通道之后连接再生器6的进口,再生器6的气体出口连接冷凝器5的另一换热通道的进口,再生器6的液体出口经由换热器7的另一换热通道也连接于液化气体气化器2的制冷剂通道。
所述液化气体气化器使用管壳式换热器、绕管式换热器、板式换热器或板壳式换热器中的任意一种,优选管壳式换热器。
所述再生器使用分离器或分离塔。
所述蒸发器使用管壳式换热器、绕管式换热器、板式换热器、板壳式换热器或空冷器中的任意一种,优选管壳式换热器。
在一个实施方式中,选择液化气体气化器为绕管式换热器,再生器选择为分离塔,蒸发器选择为管翅式换热器,氨作为制冷剂,水作为吸收剂。
本发明还提供一种使用吸收式热泵将液化气体气化的方法,包括:液化气体经管道306进入液化气体气化器2,液化气体在液化气体气化器2中吸收制冷剂在吸收剂中的溶解热以及制冷剂和吸收剂本身携带的显热气化为气体,气化后的气体经输气管道307进入冷凝器5进一步加热后经由管道308输出,
同时,通过蒸发器1吸热转换的气态制冷剂与吸收剂进入液化气体气化器2,吸收剂在液化气体气化器2中吸收制冷剂并释放热量用于将液化气体气化,吸收制冷剂的吸收剂溶液(变成制冷剂浓度较高的浓吸收剂溶液)经过溶液循环泵3加压后进入再生器6加热,再生器6中加热后产生的制冷剂气体进入冷凝器5与经过冷凝器的气化后的液化气体换热而被冷凝为液态,再进入蒸发器1加热成气态制冷剂,重复上述处理过程;
再生器6中底部抽出的吸收剂通过与上述吸收制冷剂的吸收剂溶液在换热器7中换热后,经由节流阀8送入液化气体气化器2中吸收制冷剂并释放热量用于将液化气体气化,重复上述处理过程。
从冷凝器5出来的液态制冷剂优选经过节流阀4节流后送入蒸发器1加热。
所述制冷剂可以选自氨、水、甲醇、R12或R22中的任意一种,优选水。
所述吸收剂可以选自水、溴化锂、硫氰酸钠、氯化钙、硫酸、矿物质油或二甲基甲酰胺中的任意一种,优选溴化锂。
所述再生器的热源可以选自直燃炉、蒸汽锅炉、电、地热、太阳能或工厂废热中的任意一种,优选太阳能。
蒸发器的热源可以选自空气、水、废热、污水、废气或地热中的任意一种,优选废热。
进一步地,液化气体选自液化天然气、液氧、液体二氧化碳、液氮等中的任意一种。
实施例:
以2000kW吸收式热泵为例,以液化天然气作为液化气体,以氨作为制冷剂,以水作为吸收剂。液化天然气经管道进入液化气体气化器,液化天然气在液化气体气化器中吸收制冷剂在吸收剂中的溶解热以及制冷剂和吸收剂本身携带的显热气化为气体(通常达到-130~-10℃),气化后的气体经输气管道进入冷凝器进一步加热(加热至-120~0℃)后输出。
同时,通过蒸发器吸热转换的气态氨制冷剂(温度-20~0℃)与吸收剂进入液化气体气化器,吸收剂在液化气体气化器中吸收制冷剂并释放热量用于将液化气体气化(此时液化气体的温度一般为-162~-135℃),吸收制冷剂的吸收剂溶液(变成制冷剂浓度较高的浓吸收剂溶液)经过循环泵加压后进入再生器加热(加热至150~200℃),再生器中加热后产生的氨制冷剂气体进入冷凝器与经过冷凝器的气化后的液化气体换热而被冷凝为液态(一般温度范围30~70℃),再进入蒸发器加热成气态制冷剂,重复上述处理过程;
再生器中底部抽出的水吸收剂通过与上述吸收制冷剂吸收并释放热量用于将液化气体气化后,进入冷凝器重复上述处理过程。
尽管上面结合附图对本发明进行了描述,但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式,上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的,而不是限制性的,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下,在不脱离本发明宗旨的情况下,还可以做出很多变形,这些均属于本发明的保护之内。
Claims (13)
1.一种基于吸收式热泵的液化气体气化装置,其包括液化气体气化器、冷凝器、再生器、蒸发器、换热器和溶液循环泵,其中,液化气体气化器的液化气体通道通过输气管道与冷凝器的一个换热通道连接,冷凝器的另一换热通道的出口连接蒸发器,蒸发器进一步连接液化气体气化器的制冷剂通道,液化气体的制冷剂通道经由溶液循环泵和换热器的一个换热通道之后连接再生器的进口,再生器的气体出口连接冷凝器的另一换热通道的进口,再生器的液体出口经由换热器的另一换热通道也连接于液化气体气化器的制冷剂通道。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液化气体气化装置,其特征在于,所述冷凝器与蒸发器之间的管道上还设有节流阀。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的液化气体气化装置,其特征在于,所述液化气体气化器使用管壳式换热器、绕管式换热器、板式换热器或板壳式换热器中的任意一种,优选管壳式换热器。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的液化气体气化装置,其特征在于,所述再生器使用分离器或分离塔。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的液化气体气化装置,其特征在于,所述蒸发器使用管壳式换热器、绕管式换热器、板式换热器、板壳式换热器或空冷器中的任意一种,优选管壳式换热器。
6.一种使用吸收式热泵将液化气体气化的方法,包括:液化气体经管道进入液化气体气化器,液化气体在液化气体气化器中吸收制冷剂在吸收剂中的溶解热以及制冷剂和吸收剂本身携带的显热气化为气体,气化后的气体经输气管道进入冷凝器进一步加热后输出,
同时,通过蒸发器吸热转换的气态制冷剂与吸收剂进入液化气体气化器,吸收剂在液化气体气化器中吸收制冷剂并释放热量用于将液化气体气化,吸收制冷剂的吸收剂溶液经过循环泵加压后进入再生器加热,再生器中加热后产生的制冷剂气体进入冷凝器与经过冷凝器的气化后的液化气体换热而被冷凝为液态,再进入蒸发器加热成气态制冷剂,重复上述处理过程;
再生器中底部抽出的吸收剂通过与上述吸收制冷剂的吸收剂溶液换热后,送入液化气体气化器中吸收制冷剂并释放热量用于将液化气体气化,重复上述处理过程。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,从冷凝器出来的液态制冷剂经过节流后送入蒸发器加热。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述制冷剂选用氨、水、甲醇、R12或R22中的任意一种,优选水。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述吸收剂选用水、溴化锂、硫氰酸钠、氯化钙、硫酸、矿物质油或二甲基甲酰胺中的任意一种,优选溴化锂。
10.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述液化气体气化器用于液化气体的气化或低温气体的复热,可以选自管壳式换热器、绕管式换热器、板式换热器或板壳式换热器中的任意一种,优选管壳式换热器。
11.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述再生器的热源选用直燃炉、蒸汽锅炉、电、地热、太阳能或工厂废热中的任意一种,优选太阳能。
12.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,蒸发器的热源选用空气、水、废热、污水、废气或地热中的任意一种,优选废热。
13.根据权利要求6-12中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,液化气体选自液化天然气、液氧、液体二氧化碳、液氮中的任意一种。
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