CN108193499A - 一种纤维导电化处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纤维导电化处理方法，包括以下步骤：(1)对纤维表面进行蓬松处理；(2)对纤维表面进行电荷改性处理；(3)导电高分子的原位合成；(4)导电层缺陷填补。本发明操作简单，工艺稳定性好，易于工业生产。采用本发明制备的导电纤维，镀层结合牢度高、导电性好，且保持原有纤维的特性，可用于多种领域纺织品的原料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织材料领域，具体涉及一种纤维导电化处理方法。
背景技术
随着科技的进步，“人工智能”概念变得异常火热，各种智能材料应运而生，在纺织领域，智能纺织成为研究热点。其中导电纤维作为研究柔性传感器的重要基材，深受人们的关注。
最早的导电纤维是利用金属的导电性能而制成的金属细丝，或者将金属喷涂在纤维的表面来实现纤维的导电。近些年的研究中可以发现，获得导电纤维的方法基本分为两大类：(1)通过将金属离子、碳纳米管、导电炭黑掺杂在纤维中或者涂覆在纤维表面来获得纤维的导电(CN201280012457.3；CN201410406972.0；CN201410413446.7；CN201510697725.5；CN201611225757.6等)；(2)使用导电高聚物进行包裹纤维，使其获得导电性能(CN201610391983.5；CN201710368844.5)。其中以第二种越来越被人们接受，主要是因为它不仅具有特别的导电性能，还保留了纤维的加工性能和柔韧性能，使其更为方便的应用。但是，现有技术通过涂覆或者原位聚合法获得的导电纤维导电性能不稳定，获得的导电层不易控制、且由于纤维的结构而导致缺陷很多，影响导电纤维的使用。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供一种纤维导电化处理方法，通过该方法处理过的纤维表面具有均匀的导电层；导电纤维的电导率高、导电性能稳定；不影响纤维的原始性能，更加适用于柔性传感器等的应用。
为达到上述目的，本发明提出以下技术方案：一种纤维导电化处理方法，包括以下步骤：(1)对纤维表面进行蓬松处理；(2)对纤维表面进行电荷改性处理；(3)导电高分子的原位合成；(4)导电层缺陷填补。
所述的纤维包括但不限于涤纶、氨纶、棉线。
所述的对纤维表面进行蓬松处理是：采用氢氧化钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液对纤维进行浸泡。
所述氢氧化钠为40g/L，所述十二烷基苯磺酸钠为1g/L。
采用40g/L的氢氧化钠和1g/L的十二烷基苯磺酸钠对纤维进行浸泡5-10分钟。
所述的对纤维表面进行电荷改性处理是：采用乙烯基咪唑鎓离子聚合物以及聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮，在50℃浸泡处理。
所述乙烯基咪唑鎓离子聚合物为3g/L，所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮为1g/L。在50℃浸泡处理1-3分钟。
所述的导电高分子的原位合成是：采用原位合成溶液对纤维常温浸泡。
所述原位合成溶液包括聚合单体3，4-乙撑二氧噻吩0.5g/L；聚合分散剂三苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯钾盐1g/L；聚合润湿渗透剂异辛醇聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚(EH-6)1g/L；磷酸5g/L。
采用原位合成溶液对纤维常温浸泡3-10分钟。
所述的导电层缺陷是：用导电层缺陷填补液常温浸泡纤维5-10分钟。
所述的导电层缺陷填补液包括聚苯乙烯磺酸2g/L；粒径1-10纳米的银颗粒100mg/L。
通过上述的本发明方法处理纤维，可以在纤维表面形成一层均匀的导电涂层，导电纤维的电导率高、导电性能稳定，不影响纤维的原始性能，更加适用于柔性传感器等的应用。
本发明以人造纤维为原料，采用原位生长方法，在纤维表面原位生成一层聚合物导电层，然后通过有机-无机复合导电物质填补导电层。本发明操作简单，工艺稳定性好，易于工业生产。采用本发明制备的导电纤维，镀层结合牢度高、导电性好，且保持原有纤维的特性，可用于多种领域纺织品的原料。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种纤维导电化处理方法，包括以下步骤：(1)对纤维表面进行蓬松处理；(2)对纤维表面进行电荷改性处理；(3)导电高分子的原位合成；(4)导电层缺陷填补。
所述的纤维包括但不限于涤纶、氨纶、棉线。
所述的对纤维表面进行蓬松处理是：采用氢氧化钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液对纤维进行浸泡。
所述氢氧化钠为40g/L，所述十二烷基苯磺酸钠为1g/L。
采用40g/L的氢氧化钠和1g/L的十二烷基苯磺酸钠对纤维进行浸泡5-10分钟。
所述的对纤维表面进行电荷改性处理是：采用乙烯基咪唑鎓离子聚合物以及聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮，在50℃浸泡处理。
所述乙烯基咪唑鎓离子聚合物为3g/L，所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮为1g/L。在50℃浸泡处理1-3分钟。
所述的导电高分子的原位合成是：采用原位合成溶液对纤维常温浸泡。
所述原位合成溶液包括聚合单体3，4-乙撑二氧噻吩0.5g/L；聚合分散剂三苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯钾盐1g/L；聚合润湿渗透剂异辛醇聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚(EH-6)1g/L；磷酸5g/L。
采用原位合成溶液对纤维常温浸泡3-10分钟。
所述的导电层缺陷是：用导电层缺陷填补液常温浸泡纤维5-10分钟。
所述的导电层缺陷填补液包括聚苯乙烯磺酸2g/L；粒径1-10纳米的银颗粒100mg/L。
实施例1
基材：涤纶
对纤维表面进行蓬松处理：40g/L的氢氧化钠；1g/L的十二烷基苯磺酸钠；浸泡8分钟。
表面电荷改性处理：乙烯基咪唑鎓离子聚合物3g/L；聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮1g/L；50℃浸泡处理2分钟。
导电高分子的原位合成：3，4-乙撑二氧噻吩0.5g/L；三苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯钾盐1g/L；异辛醇聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚(EH-6)1g/L；磷酸5g/L。常温浸泡8分钟。
导电层缺陷填补：聚苯乙烯磺酸2g/L；粒径1-10纳米的银颗粒100mg/L。常温浸泡8分钟。
实施例2
基材：氨纶
对纤维表面进行蓬松处理：40g/L的氢氧化钠；1g/L的十二烷基苯磺酸钠；浸泡10分钟。
对纤维表面进行电荷改性处理：乙烯基咪唑鎓离子聚合物3g/L；聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮1g/L；50℃浸泡处理3分钟。
导电高分子的原位合成：3，4-乙撑二氧噻吩0.5g/L；三苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯钾盐1g/L；异辛醇聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚(EH-6)1g/L；磷酸5g/L。常温浸泡10分钟。
导电层缺陷填补：聚苯乙烯磺酸2g/L；粒径1-10纳米的银颗粒100mg/L。常温浸泡10分钟。
实施例3
基材：棉线
对纤维表面进行蓬松处理：40g/L的氢氧化钠；1g/L的十二烷基苯磺酸钠；浸泡5分钟。
对纤维表面进行电荷改性处理：乙烯基咪唑鎓离子聚合物3g/L；聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮1g/L；50℃浸泡处理1分钟。
导电高分子的原位合成：3，4-乙撑二氧噻吩0.5g/L；三苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯钾盐1g/L；异辛醇聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚(EH-6)1g/L；磷酸5g/L。常温浸泡5分钟。
导电层缺陷填补：聚苯乙烯磺酸2g/L；粒径1-10纳米的银颗粒100mg/L。常温浸泡5分钟。
分别将上述各实施例中得到的导电化纤维进行电阻以及原始性能测试，结果如下：
| 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | |
| 电阻率 | 1.7*103Ω | 2.3*104Ω | 0.5*103Ω |
| 可纺性 | 好 | 好 | 好 |
本发明能够使导电纤维具有高的电导率，导电性能稳定；且处理完的纤维导电性能好，纤维原有性能保持效果好等特点。
本发明以人造纤维为原料，采用原位生长方法，在纤维表面原位生成一层聚合物导电层，然后通过有机-无机复合导电物质填补导电层。本发明方法处理过的纤维表面具有均匀的导电层；导电纤维的电导率高、导电性能稳定；不影响纤维的原始性能，更加适用于柔性传感器等的应用。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种纤维导电化处理方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：(1)对纤维表面进行蓬松处理；(2)对纤维表面进行电荷改性处理；(3)导电高分子的原位合成；(4)导电层缺陷填补。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纤维导电化处理方法，其特征在于，所述的纤维包括但不限于涤纶、氨纶、棉线。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纤维导电化处理方法，其特征在于，所述的对纤维表面进行蓬松处理是：采用氢氧化钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液对纤维进行浸泡。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纤维导电化处理方法，其特征在于，所述的对纤维表面进行电荷改性处理是：采用乙烯基咪唑鎓离子聚合物以及聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮，在50℃浸泡处理。
5.根据权利要求1所述的纤维导电化处理方法，其特征在于，所述的导电高分子的原位合成是：采用原位合成溶液对纤维常温浸泡。
6.根据权利要求5所述的纤维导电化处理的方法，其特征在于，所述原位合成溶液包括聚合单体3，4-乙撑二氧噻吩0.5g/L、聚合分散剂三苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯钾盐1g/L、聚合润湿渗透剂异辛醇聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚1g/L、磷酸5g/L。
7.根据权利要求1所述的纤维导电化处理的方法，其特征在于，所述的导电层缺陷是：用导电层缺陷填补液常温浸泡纤维5-10分钟。
8.根据权利要求7所述的纤维导电化处理的方法，其特征在于，所述的导电层缺陷填补液包括聚苯乙烯磺酸2g/L、粒径1-10纳米的银颗粒100mg/L。
9.根据权利要求3所述的纤维导电化处理方法，其特征在于，所述氢氧化钠为40g/L，所述十二烷基苯磺酸钠为1g/L。
10.根据权利要求4所述的纤维导电化处理方法，其特征在于，所述乙烯基咪唑鎓离子聚合物为3g/L，所述聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮为1g/L。
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