CN107207816A - 导电原材及层叠体 - Google Patents

导电原材及层叠体 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107207816A
CN107207816A CN201580057100.0A CN201580057100A CN107207816A CN 107207816 A CN107207816 A CN 107207816A CN 201580057100 A CN201580057100 A CN 201580057100A CN 107207816 A CN107207816 A CN 107207816A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
resin
conductive
cation
former material
anion
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Granted
Application number
CN201580057100.0A
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English (en)
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CN107207816B (zh
Inventor
绪方直哉
佐田勉
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Pyle Chuck Corp
Piotrek Co Ltd
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Pyle Chuck Corp
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Publication of CN107207816A publication Critical patent/CN107207816A/zh
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    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • C08L33/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
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Abstract

得到具有优异的强度、导电性、导电耐久性的导电原材,进而得到在单面或两表面具有非导体树脂层的层叠体且显示优异的导电性、优异的导电耐久性，还具有优异的密合强度的层叠体和成形体。通过提供一种导电原材而达成，其具有在氟系聚合物(X2)中含有0.1～95重量％的高分子导电组合物(X1)的组合物，所述高分子导电组合物(X1)是在氟系聚合物上接枝聚合2～90摩尔％的熔融盐单体而得到的，所述熔融盐单体具有包含鎓阳离子和含氟阴离子的盐结构、并且具有聚合性官能团。

Description

导电原材及层叠体
技术领域
本发明涉及导电性优异、并且强度优异的导电原材及层叠体。
背景技术
已知有各种导电性优异的高分子电解质组合物。例如，开发了一种复合高分子电解质组合物，其是通过将包含熔融盐单体、及电荷迁移离子源的单体组合物在聚偏氟乙烯等氟系聚合物的存在下进行接枝聚合而制造的，所述熔融盐单体具有包含季铵阳离子和含卤素原子的阴离子的季铵盐结构和聚合性官能团(专利文献1～2)。专利文献1～2中关于在上述高分子电解质组合物中配合氟系聚合物没有记载，进而在专利文献2中记载了将上述高分子电解质组合物掺入塑料中，但关于配合氟系树脂没有记载。此外在专利文献3中关于将使包含季铵阳离子和含卤素原子的阴离子的离子液体掺入树脂中而得到的组合物制成中间层且在其两侧具有非导体树脂层的层叠体进行了记载，但关于使用具有聚合性官能团的离子液体没有记载，仅使用这样的不具有聚合性官能团的离子液体时，导电耐久性、膜化的层的密合强度不能说是充分的。这也由后述的比较例3表明。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：国际公开WO2004/088671(权利要求书)
专利文献2：国际公开WO2010/113971(权利要求书、0040)
专利文献3：日本专利第4126602号(权利要求书、0024、0026)
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
本发明的目的是提供导电性、导电耐久性优异、并且强度优异的导电原材及层叠体。
用于解决课题的方案
上述目的通过提供一种导电原材而达成，其具有在氟系聚合物(X2)中含有0.1～95重量％的高分子导电组合物(X1)的组合物，所述高分子导电组合物(X1)是在氟系聚合物上接枝聚合2～90摩尔％的熔融盐单体而得到的，所述熔融盐单体具有包含鎓阳离子和含氟阴离子的盐结构、并且具有聚合性官能团。
进而，通过提供一种导电原材而更优选地达成，其中，含有0.1～95重量％的包含鎓阳离子和含氟阴离子的熔融盐、具有包含鎓阳离子和含氟阴离子的盐结构并且具有聚合性官能团的熔融盐单体盐、上述熔融盐单体的聚合物或共聚物中的至少1种。
上述目的通过提供一种导电原材而更优选地达成，其中，进一步含有0.1～95重量％的下述树脂(Y)。
树脂(Y)：选自聚烯烃系树脂、聚丙烯酸系树脂、聚卤素系树脂、醋酸乙烯酯系树脂、聚醚系树脂、二烯系树脂、聚酯系树脂、聚酰胺系树脂、聚砜系树脂、聚苯硫醚系树脂、聚酰亚胺系树脂、硅系树脂、聚氨酯系树脂、环氧系树脂、酚系树脂、氨基系树脂、天然系树脂中的至少1种树脂。
上述目的通过利用原子转移自由基聚合在氟系聚合物上接枝聚合熔融盐单体而更优选地达成。
上述目的通过熔融盐单体为(A)选自由甲基丙烯酸三烷基氨基乙酯铵阳离子、丙烯酸三烷基氨基乙酯铵阳离子、三烷基氨基丙基丙烯酰胺铵阳离子、2-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)二烷基铵阳离子、1-烷基-3-乙烯基咪唑鎓阳离子、4-乙烯基-1-烷基吡啶鎓阳离子、1-(4-乙烯基苄基)-3-烷基咪唑鎓阳离子、1-(乙烯氧基乙基)-3-烷基咪唑鎓阳离子、1-乙烯基咪唑鎓阳离子、1-烯丙基咪唑鎓阳离子、N-烷基-N-烯丙基铵阳离子、1-乙烯基-3-烷基咪唑鎓阳离子、1-乙烯基-3-烷基咪唑鎓阳离子、1-缩水甘油基-3-烷基-咪唑鎓阳离子、N-烯丙基-N-烷基吡咯烷鎓阳离子、鎓阳离子及季二烯丙基二烷基铵阳离子组成的组中的季铵阳离子与(B)选自由双{(三氟甲烷)磺酰}亚胺阴离子、2,2,2-三氟-N-{(三氟甲烷)磺酰基)}乙酰亚胺阴离子、双{(五氟乙烷)磺酰}亚胺阴离子、双{(氟)磺酰}亚胺阴离子、四氟硼酸盐阴离子、六氟磷酸盐阴离子、三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺阴离子、全氟烷烃磺酸盐阴离子、双(全氟烷烃磺酰)亚胺阴离子、三(全氟烷烃磺酰基)甲基化物阴离子组成的组中的阴离子的盐而更优选地达成。
上述目的通过为在偏氟乙烯上具有下式所示的单元的聚偏氟乙烯共聚物而更优选地达成。
式：-(CR1R2-CFX)-
式中，X为除氟以外的卤素原子，
R1及R2为氢原子或氟原子，
两者可以相同也可以不同。
上述目的通过含有电荷迁移离子源、例如选自由LiBF4、LiPF6、CnF2n+1CO2Li(n为1～4的整数)、CnF2n+1SO3Li(n为1～4的整数)、(FSO2)2NLi、(CF3SO2)2NLi、(C2F5SO2)2NLi、(FSO2)2Li、(CF3SO2)3CLi、(CF3SO2-N-COCF3)Li、(R-SO2-N-SO2CF3)Li(R为脂肪族基或芳香族基)、及(CN-N)2CnF2n+1Li(n为1～4的整数)组成的组中的锂盐而更优选地达成。
上述目的通过在电荷迁移离子源中进一步配合四亚烷基二醇二烷基醚(TAGDAE)作为电荷迁移离子源的抗衡离子而更优选地达成。
上述目的通过提供具有导电原材的导电粘合剂、导电粘接剂、导电涂料、成形用导电树脂粉末、注塑成形用导电树脂粒料、导电丝、导电片材、导电板或导电管状成形体而更优选地达成。
上述目的通过在导电原材中含有选自填充剂、分散剂、抗氧化剂、滑动剂、抗粘连剂、紫外线吸收剂、染料及颜料中的至少一种而更优选地达成。
上述目的通过提供一种导电层叠体而更优选地达成，其具有含有上述导电原材的粘合剂、粘接剂或涂料层、或以这些层作为中间层，且至少在单侧具有不含有自由电子的绝缘体的下述非导体树脂(W)层。
树脂(W)：选自聚烯烃系树脂、聚丙烯酸系树脂、聚卤素系树脂、醋酸乙烯酯系树脂、聚醚系树脂、二烯系树脂、聚酯系树脂、聚酰胺系树脂、聚砜系树脂、聚苯硫醚树脂、聚酰亚胺系树脂、包含剥离片材的硅系树脂、聚氨酯系树脂、环氧系树脂、酚系树脂、氨基系树脂、天然系树脂中的至少1种树脂。
上述目的通过提供一种导电层叠体而更优选地达成，其在树脂(Y)中含有0.1～40重量％的高分子电解质组合物(X1)及氟系聚合物(X2)。
上述目的通过提供一种导电层叠体而更优选地达成，其中，树脂(W)为聚烯烃系树脂、聚丙烯酸系树脂、醋酸乙烯酯系树脂、或聚酯系树脂。
发明效果
通过本发明，如由后述的实施例也表明的那样，能够得到导电性、特别是导电耐久性优异、并且强度优异的导电原材。此外，具有导电原材层、或以导电原材层作为中间层的至少在单侧设置有非导体树脂(W)层的层叠体，即使是非导体树脂层的表面也显示极优异的导电性，进而能够得到具有优异的导电耐久性的导电原材。进而得到的导电原材与非导体树脂的密合性能也优异。特别是导电性长期地稳定、只要没有化学处理或物理性力量负荷、则能够半永久性地维持导电性能的效果极大。此外，通过将所得到的导电原材进行高纯度纯化而透明度提高，可得到与透明度相对高的丙烯酸树脂同等的透明度。因此，通过将本发明的导电原材涂布到基材上，不会损害基材的色相或透明度。进而，通过含有上述的电荷迁移离子源、或进一步含有电荷迁移离子和作为电荷迁移离子源的抗衡离子的四亚烷基二醇二烷基醚(TAGDAE)，能够使导电性能进一步提高。
具体实施方式
本发明中，配合在氟系聚合物上接枝聚合熔融盐单体而得到的高分子电解质组合物(X1)和氟系聚合物(X2)是重要的，通过该配合，可发挥上述那样的效果。
首先对高分子电解质组合物(X1)进行叙述。
作为在接枝聚合中使用的氟系聚合物，可列举出聚偏氟乙烯聚合物或共聚物作为优选例，
此外，作为聚偏氟乙烯共聚物，可列举出在偏氟乙烯上具有下式所示的单元的共聚物作为优选例。
式：-(CR1R2-CFX)-
式中，X为除氟以外的卤素原子，R1及R2为氢原子或氟原子，两者可相同或不同，其中，作为卤素原子，氯原子最优选，还可列举出溴原子、碘原子，
此外，作为氟系聚合物，还可列举出下式所示的共聚物，
式：-(CR3R4-CR5F)n-(CR1R2-CFX)m-
式中，X为除氟以外的卤素原子，
R1、R2、R3、R4及R5为氢原子或氟原子，
它们可以相同也可以不同，
n为65～99摩尔％，
m为1～35摩尔％，
特别优选下式所示的共聚物，
式；-(CH2-CF2)n-(CF2-CFCl)m-
式中，n为65～99摩尔％，
m为1～35摩尔％。
当将n和m的合计设为100摩尔％时，优选n为65～99摩尔％、m为1～35摩尔％，更优选n为67～97摩尔％、m为3～33摩尔％，最优选n为70～90摩尔％、m为10～30摩尔％。
上述氟系聚合物可以为嵌段聚合物，也可以为无规共聚物。此外，还可以在不阻碍本发明的目的的范围内使用其他的可共聚的单体。
上述氟系聚合物的分子量以重均分子量计优选为30,000～2,000,000，更优选为100,000～1,500,000。其中，重均分子量如后述那样通过特性粘度法[η]而测定。
为了在上述氟系聚合物上接枝聚合熔融盐单体，可以应用使用过渡金属络合物的原子转移自由基聚合法。在该络合物上配位的过渡金属将上述共聚物的除氟以外的卤素原子(例如氯原子)、进而氢原子也脱除而成为引发点，熔融盐单体在上述聚合物上进行接枝聚合。
在本发明中使用的原子转移自由基聚合中，优选使用偏氟乙烯单体与包含氟及除氟以外的卤素原子(例如氯原子)的乙烯基单体的共聚物。由于通过在干聚合物中具有氟原子和除氟原子以外的卤素原子(例如氯原子)，从而碳-卤素间的结合能变低，所以利用过渡金属的除氟以外的卤素原子(例如氯原子)的脱除、进而氢原子的脱除比氟原子容易地引起，引发熔融盐单体的接枝聚合。此外本发明中也可以使用偏氟乙烯单体的均聚物。
原子转移自由基聚合中使用的催化剂使用过渡金属卤化物，特别优选使用氯化铜(I)、乙酰丙酮铜(II)、CuBr(I)、CuI(I)等含有铜原子的铜催化剂。此外，作为形成络合物的配位体，使用4,4’-二烷基-2,2’-联吡啶(bpy等)(其中，作为烷基，优选可列举出甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基等C1～C8的烷基)、三(二甲基氨基乙基)胺(Me6-TREN)、N,N,N’,N”,N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺(PMDETA)、N,N,N’,N’-四(2-吡啶基甲基)乙二胺(TPEN)、三(2-吡啶基甲基)胺(TPMA)等。其中，可以优选使用由氯化铜(I)(CuCl)和4,4’-二甲基-2,2’-联吡啶(bpy)形成的过渡金属卤素化络合物。
作为反应溶剂，可以使用能够溶解氟系聚合物的溶剂，可以使用将偏氟乙烯单体与包含氟及除氟以外的卤素原子(例如氯原子)的乙烯基单体的共聚物溶解的N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜、丙酮等。反应温度根据所使用的络合物的配位体而不同，但通常为10～110℃的范围。
为了进行接枝聚合，还可以照射紫外线(使用光聚合引发剂)或电子射线等放射线。电子射线聚合还可以期待聚合物自身的交联反应或单体与补强材料的接枝反应，为优选的方式。照射量优选为0.1～50Mrad，更优选为1～20Mrad。
按照成为构成聚合物的单体单元98～10摩尔％和熔融盐单体2～90摩尔％的摩尔比的范围的方式、即按照接枝化率成为2～90摩尔％的方式，与作为目标的增塑物性、pH稳定性相匹配地进行接枝聚合。在上述聚合物上接枝聚合熔融盐单体时，上述聚合物可以为溶液、固体中的任一者。这些接枝聚合物可以通过上述的本件申请人的现有专利WO2010/113971中记载的方法而得到。
本发明中，所谓具有包含鎓阳离子和含氟原子的阴离子的盐结构、并且包含聚合性官能团的熔融盐单体的盐结构包含含有脂肪族、脂环族、芳香族或杂环的鎓阳离子和含氟原子的阴离子的盐结构。其中所谓鎓阳离子是指铵阳离子、鏻阳离子、锍阳离子、氧鎓阳离子、胍鎓阳离子，作为铵阳离子，可列举出季铵阳离子、咪唑鎓、吡啶鎓、哌啶鎓等杂环铵阳离子等。优选包含选自下述铵阳离子组中的至少1个阳离子与选自下述阴离子组中的至少1个阴离子的盐结构。
铵阳离子组：
可列举出吡咯鎓阳离子、吡啶鎓阳离子、咪唑鎓阳离子、吡唑鎓阳离子、苯并咪唑鎓阳离子、吲哚鎓阳离子、咔唑鎓阳离子、喹啉鎓阳离子、吡咯烷鎓阳离子、哌啶鎓阳离子、哌嗪鎓阳离子、烷基铵阳离子{其中，包含被碳原子数为1～30(例如碳原子数为1～10)的烷基、羟基烷基、烷氧基取代的阳离子}。均包含在N和/或环上键合了碳原子数为1～30(例如碳原子数为1～10)的烷基、羟基烷基、烷氧基的阳离子。
作为鏻阳离子，可列举出四烷基鏻阳离子(碳原子数为1～30的烷基)、三甲基乙基鏻阳离子、三乙基甲基鏻阳离子、四氨基鏻阳离子、三烷基十六烷基鏻阳离子(碳原子数为1～30的烷基)、三苯基苄基鏻阳离子、具有3个碳原子数为1～30的烷基的膦衍生物的鏻阳离子、己基三甲基鏻阳离子、三甲基辛基鏻阳离子的非对称鏻阳离子、二甲基三胺丙基甲烷磷酸盐等。
此外，作为锍阳离子，可列举出三烷基锍阳离子(烷基)、二乙基甲基锍阳离子、二甲基丙基锍、二甲基己基锍的非对称锍阳离子。
含氟原子的阴离子组：
可例示出BF4 -、PF6 -、CnF2n+1CO2 -(n为1～4的整数)、CnF2n+1SO3 -(n为1～4的整数)、(FSO2)2N-、(CF3SO2)2N-、(C2F5SO2)2N-、(CF3SO2)3N-、CF3SO2-N-COCF3 -、R-SO2-N-SO2CF3 -(R为脂肪族基)、ArSO2-N-SO2CF3 -(Ar为芳香族基)、CF3COO-等包含卤素原子的阴离子。
上述鎓阳离子、特别是铵阳离子组及含氟原子的阴离子组中列举的种类耐热性、耐还原性或耐氧化性优异，电化学窗口宽，不仅优选用于对电压区域从0.7到5.5V为止的高低电压具有耐性的锂离子二次电池或甚至-45℃的低温特性优异的锂离子电容器，而且作为通用用途中的涂料、粘接剂、粘合剂、表面涂布剂、掺入添加剂能够对非导体树脂赋予温度特性优异的功能性静电防止性能。此外，在与树脂的混合配方中对于树脂或添加剂的分散性能或平滑性能也具有效果。
作为单体中的聚合性官能团，可例示出乙烯基、丙烯基、甲基丙烯基、丙烯酰胺基、烯丙(Allyl)基等碳-碳不饱和基、具有环氧基、氧杂环丁烷基等的环状醚类、四氢噻吩等环状硫醚类或异氰酸酯基等。
作为(A)具有聚合性官能团的鎓阳离子、特别是铵阳离子种，特别优选可列举出甲基丙烯酸三烷基氨基乙酯铵阳离子、丙烯酸三烷基氨基乙酯铵阳离子、三烷基氨基丙基丙烯酰胺铵阳离子、1-烷基-3-乙烯基咪唑鎓阳离子、4-乙烯基-1-烷基吡啶鎓阳离子、1-(4-乙烯基苄基)-3-烷基咪唑鎓阳离子、2-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)二烷基铵阳离子、1-(乙烯氧基乙基)-3-烷基咪唑鎓阳离子、1-乙烯基咪唑鎓阳离子、1-烯丙基咪唑鎓阳离子、N-烷基-N-烯丙基铵阳离子、1-乙烯基-3-烷基咪唑鎓阳离子、1-缩水甘油基-3-烷基-咪唑鎓阳离子、N-烯丙基-N-烷基吡咯烷鎓阳离子、及季二烯丙基二烷基铵阳离子等。其中，烷基为碳原子数为1～10的烷基。
作为(B)含氟原子的阴离子种，特别优选可列举出双{(三氟甲烷)磺酰}亚胺阴离子、双(氟磺酰)亚胺阴离子、2,2,2-三氟-N-{(三氟甲烷)磺酰基)}乙酰亚胺阴离子、双{(五氟乙烷)磺酰}亚胺阴离子、四氟硼酸盐阴离子、六氟磷酸盐阴离子、三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺阴离子等阴离子。
进而，作为熔融盐单体(上述阳离子种与阴离子种的盐)，特别优选可例示出甲基丙烯酸三烷基氨基乙酯铵(其中，烷基为C1～C10烷基)双(氟磺酰)亚胺(其中，烷基为C1～C10烷基)、2-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)二烷基铵双(氟磺酰)亚胺(其中，烷基为C1～C10烷基)、N-烷基-N-烯丙基铵双{(三氟甲烷)磺酰}亚胺(其中，烷基为C1～C10烷基)、1-乙烯基-3-烷基咪唑鎓双{(三氟甲烷)磺酰}亚胺(其中，烷基为C1～C10烷基)、1-乙烯基-3-烷基咪唑鎓四氟硼酸盐(其中，烷基为C1～C10烷基)、4-乙烯基-1-烷基吡啶鎓双{(三氟甲烷)磺酰}亚胺(其中，烷基为C1～C10烷基)、4-乙烯基-1-烷基吡啶鎓四氟硼酸盐(其中，烷基为C1～C10烷基)、1-(4-乙烯基苄基)-3-烷基咪唑鎓双{(三氟甲烷)磺酰}亚胺(其中，烷基为C1～C10烷基)、1-(4-乙烯基苄基)-3-烷基咪唑鎓四氟硼酸盐(其中，烷基为C1～C10烷基)、1-缩水甘油基-3-烷基-咪唑鎓双{(三氟甲烷)磺酰}亚胺(其中，烷基为C1～C10烷基)、甲基丙烯酸三烷基氨基乙酯铵三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺(其中，烷基为C1～C10烷基)、1-缩水甘油基-3-烷基-咪唑鎓四氟硼酸盐(其中，烷基为C1～C10烷基)、N-乙烯基咔唑鎓四氟硼酸盐(其中，烷基为C1～C10烷基)等。这些熔融盐单体可以使用1种或2种以上。这些熔融盐单体可以通过上述的本件申请人的现有专利WO2010/113971中记载的方法而得到。
上述氟系聚合物上的熔融盐单体的接枝化率优选为2～90摩尔％，进一步优选为10～80摩尔％，最优选为20～75摩尔％。通过满足该范围的接枝化率，能够更优选地达成本发明的目的。在接枝化率比较低的区域、例如2～40摩尔％、优选10～35摩尔％、进一步优选13～30摩尔％的区域中，能够保持海绵性状的柔软性，能够期待与支撑体的结合密合性、弹力性、粘接性改良这样的效果。此外在接枝化率比较高的区域、例如42～90摩尔％、特别是45～90摩尔％、进一步优选45～75摩尔％的区域中，由于粘弹性增加，所以能够期待密合强度提高、进而粘合性、耐冲击性、颜料等粒子原材的分散平滑性、pH稳定性、温度稳定性、进而导电性能提高这样的效果。接枝化率的测定法在后述的实施例中叙述。
熔融盐单体的接枝聚合可以单独使用，或者也可以和能够与其共聚的其他单体共聚。
另外，其中，在高分子电解质组合物(X1)中，包含含有碳酸亚乙烯酯类、乙酸亚乙烯酯、2-氰基呋喃、2-噻吩甲腈、丙烯腈等SEI(固体电解质界面相：Solid ElectrolyteInterphase)膜形成原材或溶剂等的单体组合物。
本发明中，由于通过在进行上述的接枝聚合而得到的高分子导电组合物(X1)中配合氟系聚合物(X2)，能够得到优异的导电原材，所以以下对氟系聚合物(X2)进行叙述。
作为氟系聚合物(X2)，可列举出上述的接枝聚合中使用的氟聚合物、特别是聚偏氟乙烯聚合物或共聚物作为优选例。进而还可列举出三氟化树脂等聚氯氟代烯(烯为乙烯、丙烯、丁烯等)、四氟化树脂(聚四氟乙烯)、聚氟乙烯、四氟乙烯·全氟烷基乙烯基醚(烷基为甲基、丙基、丁基等)共聚物等、进而在这些氟系聚合物上加成(单、二、三)氟代烯(烯为乙烯、丙烯、丁烯等)而得到的氟系树脂。
关于进行接枝聚合而得到的高分子导电组合物(X1)的配合比例，相对于高分子导电组合物(X1)和氟系聚合物(X2)的合计量配合0.1～95重量％、优选5～80重量％。
本发明中，通过进一步配合包含鎓阳离子和含氟阴离子的熔融盐、具有包含鎓阳离子和含氟阴离子的盐结构并且具有聚合性官能团的熔融盐单体盐、上述熔融盐单体的聚合物或共聚物中的至少1种，由此导电性、导电耐久性进一步提高。关于它们的配合比例，相对于高分子导电组合物和氟系聚合物的合计量为0.1～95重量％，优选为0.1～60重量％，进一步优选为0.1～40重量％。
其中，作为包含鎓阳离子和含氟阴离子的熔融盐，优选由上述的铵阳离子组和含氟阴离子组构成的熔融盐。此外，所谓具有包含鎓阳离子和含氟阴离子的盐结构并且具有聚合性官能团的熔融盐单体可列举出上述的接枝聚合中使用的熔融盐单体。
此外，作为熔融盐单体的聚合物或共聚物，可列举出上述熔融盐单体的均聚物作为优选例。这些均聚物中，可列举出1-烷基-3-乙烯基咪唑鎓阳离子(AVI)、4-乙烯基-1-烷基吡啶鎓阳离子、1-(4-乙烯基苄基)-3-烷基咪唑鎓阳离子、1-(乙烯氧基乙基)-3-烷基咪唑鎓阳离子、1-乙烯基咪唑鎓阳离子、季二烯丙基二烷基铵阳离子(DAA)、2(甲基丙烯酰氧基)乙基三甲基铵(MOETMA)}阳离子、二烷基(氨基烷基)丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸二烷基(氨基烷基)酯、甲基丙烯酸羟基烷基酯的均聚物、或这些单体的2种以上的共聚物，优选均聚物。此外可列举出上述熔融盐单体与其他共聚单体的共聚物。
这些熔融盐单体的聚合物或共聚物可以通过使用偶氮系聚合引发剂(AIBN等)、过氧化物系聚合引发剂(BPO等)的自由基聚合、或利用布朗斯特酸或路易斯酸等聚合引发剂的阳离子聚合反应、使用AIBN或BPO的活性自由基聚合而得到。这些聚合中优选活性自由基聚合。
此外，本发明中，通过配合电荷迁移离子源，导电性、导电耐久性提高。其中，作为电荷迁移离子源，典型地为锂盐，优选使用包含下述的锂阳离子和含氟原子的阴离子的锂盐。
作为电荷迁移离子源，可列举出选自由LiBF4、LiPF6、CnF2n+1CO2Li(n为1～4的整数)、CnF2n+1SO3Li(n为1～4的整数)、(FSO2)2NLi、(CF3SO2)2NLi、(C2F5SO2)2NLi、(FSO2)2Li、(CF3SO2)3CLi、(CF3SO2-N-COCF3)Li、(R-SO2-N-SO2CF3)Li(R为烷基等脂肪族基或芳香族基)及(CN-N)2CnF2n+1Li(n为1～4的整数)组成的组中的锂盐等。进而作为除锂盐以外的电荷迁移离子源，还可列举出氧化锡铟(TIO)、碳酸盐等电荷迁移离子源。
此外，作为电荷迁移离子源，还使用含有氮的盐、优选包含下述的烷基铵阳离子(例如四乙基铵阳离子、三乙基甲基铵阳离子)和含氟原子的阴离子的盐，
Et4-N+BF4 -、Et3Me-N+BF4 -
Et4-N+PF6 -、Et3Me-N+PF6-等。
上述电荷迁移离子源也可以配合2种以上。
上述电荷迁移离子源的配合量相对于高分子电解质组合物(X1)为0.5～2摩尔，优选为0.7～1.5摩尔。
作为电荷迁移离子源的抗衡离子即四亚烷基二醇二烷基醚(TAGDAE)的亚烷基，可列举出亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基等碳数为1～30的亚烷基，作为烷基，可列举出甲基、乙基、丙基等碳数为1～30的烷基。它们中，最优选四乙二醇二甲基醚(TEGDME)。TAGDAE相对于电荷迁移离子源的配合比例为0.2～2.0摩尔，优选为0.4～1.5摩尔。
此外，作为支撑上述电荷迁移离子源的阴离子(离子导电支撑盐)，双{(三氟甲烷)磺酰}亚胺、2,2,2-三氟-N-{(三氟甲烷)磺酰基)}乙酰亚胺、双{(五氟乙烷)磺酰}亚胺、双{(氟)磺酰}亚胺、四氟硼酸盐、六氟磷酸盐及三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺等有效地发挥功能。
进而，本发明中，通过在下述树脂(Y)中配合这样得到的高分子导电组合物(含有X1及X2)，进而导电性、导电耐久性等提高。作为将高分子导电组合物与树脂(Y)混和的方法，可列举出混炼的方法、使用溶剂的方法等。作为混炼的方法，优选制作这些树脂的粒料、并制作作为目标的配合比例的组合物的方法。高分子导电组合物的配合比例相对于高分子导电组合物和树脂(Y)的合计量为0.1～95重量％，优选为0.1～60重量％，进一步优选为0.1～40重量％。
优选以下方法：将高分子导电组合物以高浓度、例如5～98重量％、优选10～80重量％配合到(Y)中进行熔融混炼并挤出成形，切断而制作粒料(母料)，将该粒料配合到树脂(Y)中，使其含有0.1～40重量％的高分子导电组合物。通过配合(Y)，能够使非导体树脂形成云结构和/或介由质子基的离子跳跃(ion hopping)结构而制成更优异的导电性树脂。
其中，作为树脂(Y)，可列举出选自聚烯烃系树脂、聚丙烯酸系树脂、聚卤素系树脂、醋酸乙烯酯系树脂、聚醚系树脂、二烯系树脂、聚酯系树脂、聚酰胺系树脂、聚砜系树脂、聚苯硫醚、聚酰亚胺系树脂、硅系树脂、聚氨酯系树脂、环氧系树脂、酚系树脂、氨基系树脂、天然系树脂中的至少1种树脂。
其中，作为聚烯烃系树脂，可列举出聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、聚苯乙烯等，作为聚丙烯酸系树脂，可列举出聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯腈、聚丙烯酸盐等，作为聚卤素系树脂，可列举出聚氯乙烯、聚偏氯乙烯、四氟化树脂等。此外，作为醋酸乙烯酯系树脂，可列举出聚醋酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯基醇等，作为聚醚系树脂，可列举出聚环氧乙烷、聚环氧丙烷、聚醚酮，作为二烯系树脂，可列举出丁二烯系橡胶、氯丁二烯系橡胶、异戊二烯系橡胶等。此外，作为聚酯系树脂，可列举出聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚氧苯甲酸酯、不饱和聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚碳酸酯-聚酯聚合物合金树脂等，作为聚酰胺系树脂，可列举出聚己内酰胺系树脂、聚己二酸己二醇酯系树脂、聚芳香族聚酰胺系树脂等，作为聚砜系树脂，可列举出聚砜、聚醚砜，作为硅系树脂，可列举出硅橡胶、有机硅树脂、聚合性有机硅树脂等，作为氨基系树脂，可列举出尿素树脂、三聚氰胺树脂等，作为天然系树脂，可列举出纤维素系树脂、天然橡胶系树脂、蛋白质系树脂、瓜尔胶、罗望子胶、刺槐豆胶、黄原胶、卡拉胶等。
它们中，优选聚丙烯酸系树脂、二烯系树脂、硅系树脂、聚烯烃系树脂、聚醚系树脂、聚酰亚胺系树脂。特别是最优选聚丙烯酸系树脂，作为聚丙烯酸系树脂，优选丙烯酸烷基酯或(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的聚合物或共聚物，作为共聚物，可列举出羟基乙基丙烯酰胺、二烷基丙烯酰胺、二烷基氨基烷基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酰吗啉、丙烯酸丁酯-丙烯酸苄基酯-4-丙烯酸羟基丁酯的共聚物或丙烯酸丁酯-丙烯酸苄基酯-丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯-丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯-丙烯酸共聚物。
在高分子电解质组合物中配合氟系聚合物等而使用时，优选根据目的而分别适当配合相容化剂、分散剂、抗氧化剂、滑动剂、抗粘连剂、填充剂(二氧化硅、碳酸钙、氢氧化镁、滑石、陶瓷等)、紫外线吸收剂、染料、颜料等。其中，作为相容化剂或分散剂，优选使用低分子化合物(1,2-聚丁二烯、聚酰胺·聚苯醚共聚物、天然橡胶胶乳、液状异戊二烯聚合物乳液)、进而酞菁(含有羟基的石油树脂“Lionol Blue”东洋油墨制造(株)制)等。此外填充剂优选相对于树脂(X1和/或X2与Y的合计量)配合5～50重量％。作为配合配方中使用的稀释溶剂，可以使用芳香族溶剂、醚系溶剂、2-丙醇、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、酮系溶剂、丙酮、氯代烯系溶剂、酯系溶剂、卤素系溶剂、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、醋酸丁酯、醋酸溶纤剂等。特别是通过含有紫外线吸收剂，作为紫外线固化涂料不需要加热培养等的高效的涂膜形成成为可能，此外涂膜层的强度也提高。
本发明的导电原材作为为导电粘合剂、导电粘接剂、导电涂料、成形用导电树脂粉末、注塑成形用导电树脂粒料、导电丝、导电片材、导电板或导电管状成形体的导电原材是有用的，特别是作为导电性粘合剂极其有用。进而，本发明的导电原材作为聚乙烯膜、聚丙烯膜、聚酰亚胺膜等隔膜的单面或两面的涂布剂也是有用的。作为涂布到单面或两面的方法，可列举出浸渍法、压延涂布法、模涂法、喷雾涂布法等，通过将其自然干燥或热干燥能够制作导电隔膜原材。
进而，由于本发明的导电原材作为层叠体也极为有用，所以以下对层叠体进行叙述。
层叠体可以通过下述方法等而得到：在不具有自由电子的绝缘体的非导体树脂(W)层的单面涂布上述的树脂组合物(例如粘合剂或粘接剂)的方法、或在其上重叠非导体树脂(W)层的方法、或在非导体树脂层(W)的单面涂布树脂组合物且在其上将非导体树脂(W)层挤出成形的方法、或将2层或3层以上共挤出成形。在设置两侧的非导体树脂(W)层时，非导体树脂(W)可以相同也可以不同。非导体树脂(W)层优选为膜。
作为非导体树脂(W)，可列举出上述的树脂(Y)，优选聚烯烃系树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、聚苯乙烯)、醋酸乙烯酯系树脂(聚醋酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇)、聚酯系树脂(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚氧苯甲酸酯、不饱和聚酯、聚碳酸酯)。
由树脂组合物形成的层、进而中间层的厚度优选为1～100微米，进一步优选为5～50微米。此外非导体树脂(W)层的单面的厚度优选为1～200微米，进一步优选为5～50微米。进而包含3层的层叠体的总厚度优选为5～300微米，进一步优选为15～150微米。
作为层叠体的层构成，制成树脂组合物层/W层/树脂组合物层、W层/树脂组合物层、W层/树脂组合物层/W层、W层/树脂组合物层/W层/树脂组合物层/W层、W层/树脂组合物层/W层/树脂组合物层/W层/树脂组合物层/W层等多层结构是自由的。此外，本发明的层构成优选为W层/树脂组合物层、W层/树脂组合物层/W层、树脂组合物层/W层/树脂组合物层，在其上进一步设置层、例如树脂、金属、玻璃、木材、纸、纤维、编织物、无纺布等的层是自由的。
这样得到的层叠体如由后述的实施例也表明的那样，即使是非导体树脂(W)层的表面也显示极为优异的导电性、及优异的导电耐久性，进而层叠体的密合强度也优异。即，即使不在树脂组合物层上形成导电性团簇，也能够使树脂组合物层中的离子(阴离子或阳离子)在W层表面更高效地进行电子转移，能够大幅地改善导电性、导电耐久性。树脂组合物层也可以不成为片层结构，但通过制成片层结构能够更有效地促进电子转移。
接着通过实施例对本发明进一步进行说明。
实施例
[接枝聚合物1]
作为偏氟乙烯(PVdF)-三氟氯乙烯(CTFE)共聚物，使用-(CH2-CF2)n-(CF2-CFCl)m-{n为96摩尔％、m为4摩尔％、吴羽化学工业社制、商品名#7500、特性粘度〔η〕＝2.55(使用奥斯特瓦尔特粘度计、溶剂为DMAC、测定温度为25℃)由〔η〕推算的分子量为120万}，通过下述的条件在其上接枝聚合熔融盐单体。
在1L三口烧瓶上安装冷凝机、搅拌装置及滴液装置，加入PVdF-CTFE共聚物#75006g和N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)80g，在油浴中加温至80℃，进行搅拌溶解。接着以氩气将气氛充分置换后，加入熔融盐单体{化合物名甲基丙烯酸三甲基氨基乙酯双{(三氟甲基)磺酰}亚胺(TMAEMA·TFSI)}和预先溶解于20g的NMP中的N,N,N’,N’-四(2-吡啶基甲基)乙二胺(TPEN)0.46g和CuCl 0.08g。进一步以氩气置换并升温至90℃，反应23小时。
反应后冷却至40℃，用丙酮进行稀释，一边搅拌一边注入到50％甲醇水溶液中而使其析出。反应生成物进一步用甲醇溶液洗涤后进行干燥，得到粗制聚合物。
接着，将粗制聚合物粉碎，加入丙酮40％、甲醇60％的混合溶剂并搅拌。由于没有接枝的离子性液体聚合物及未反应熔融盐单体溶解，而接枝聚合物发生溶胀并沉降，所以用离心分离器进行分离。重复该提取操作而得到接枝聚合物1。进而用30℃、真空干燥机干燥，测定收量，此外测定红外光谱，算出接枝化率(摩尔％)，结果显示71.7摩尔％。
注1)接枝化率(摩尔％)
改变PVdF-CTFE共聚物和接枝聚合物的配合比例，测定红外光谱并制作标准曲线，使用该标准曲线，求出试样的接枝聚合物的接枝化率(摩尔％)。
[接枝聚合物2～6]
在上述接枝聚合物1的制法中，使用CTFE 7摩尔％的共聚物即-(CH2-CF2)n-(CF2-CFCl)m-{n为93摩尔％、m为7摩尔％、吴羽化学工业社制、商品名FD3145、特性粘度[η]＝2.42(使用奥斯特瓦尔特粘度计、溶剂为二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)、测定温度为25℃)、由[η]推算的分子量111万}来代替CTFE 4摩尔％的共聚物，此外作为熔融盐单体使用其他的熔融盐单体来代替TMAEMA·TFSI，进而作为接枝聚合的条件使用CuBr来代替催化剂CuCl，进而适当变更CuBr的使用量，除此以外同样地操作而得到接枝聚合物2～6。将结果示于表1中。
[表1]
接枝聚合物2：
作为熔融盐单体为使用2-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)乙基三甲基铵盐的双氟磺酰亚胺(FSI)化物(MOETMA·FSI)的接枝聚合物。进而用30℃、真空干燥机进行干燥并测定收量，此外测定红外光谱并算出接枝化率(摩尔％)，结果显示60.8摩尔％。
接枝聚合物3：
作为熔融盐单体为使用2-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)乙基三甲基铵盐的双氟磺酰亚胺(FSI)化物(MOETMA·FSI)的接枝聚合物。进而用30℃、真空干燥机进行干燥并测定收量，此外测定红外光谱并算出接枝化率(摩尔％)，结果显示45.6摩尔％。
接枝聚合物4：
作为熔融盐单体为使用2-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)乙基三甲基铵盐的双氟磺酰亚胺(FSI)化物(MOETMA·FSI)的接枝聚合物。进而用30℃、真空干燥机进行干燥并测定收量，此外测定红外光谱并算出接枝化率(摩尔％)，结果显示23.3摩尔％。
接枝聚合物5：
作为熔融盐单体为使用2-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)乙基三甲基铵盐的双氟磺酰亚胺(FSI)化物(MOETMA·FSI)的接枝聚合物。进而用30℃、真空干燥机进行干燥并测定收量，此外测定红外光谱并算出接枝化率(摩尔％)，结果显示17.8摩尔％。
接枝聚合物6：
作为熔融盐单体为使用2-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)乙基三甲基铵盐的双氟磺酰亚胺(FSI)化物(MOETMA·FSI)的接枝聚合物。进而用30℃、真空干燥机进行干燥并测定收量，此外测定红外光谱并算出接枝化率(摩尔％)，结果显示7.1摩尔％。
均聚物(Z-1)：
作为熔融盐单体，使用2-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)乙基三甲基铵盐的双氟磺酰亚胺(FSI)化物(MOETMA·FSI)，将50g溶解到丙酮中，使用5g偶氮系聚合引发剂并升温至60℃而进行活性聚合，得到目标均聚物。将所得到的均聚物溶解到乙醇中实施纯化。将溶剂干燥而得到均聚物。
均聚物(Z-2)
上述的熔融盐单体使用二甲基氨基丙基丙烯酰胺的双氟磺酰亚胺(FSI)化物(DMAPAA·FSI)，在与上述均聚物(Z-1)同样的条件下进行活性聚合，得到均聚物。
实施例1(导电原材＝粘合剂)
在上述的接枝聚合物1{高分子导电组合物(X1)}30重量％、氟系聚合物(聚偏氟乙烯)(X2)70重量％中，将相对于(X1)和(X2)的总和为10重量％的分散剂酞菁(含有羟基的石油树脂“Lionol Blue”东洋油墨制造(株)制)熔融混合到N-甲基吡咯烷酮中，得到10重量％固体成分的导电粘合剂。
实施例2(导电原材＝粘合剂)
在上述的接枝聚合物2(高分子电解质组合物)(X1)10重量％、氟系聚合物(聚偏氟乙烯)(X2)20重量％、丙烯酸树脂(商品名“BR-106”Mitsubishi Rayon Co.,Ltd.制)70重量％(Y)中，将相对于(X1)和(X2)的总和为10重量％的分散剂酞菁(含有羟基的石油树脂“LionolBlue”东洋油墨制造(株)制)熔融混合到N-甲基吡咯烷酮中，得到10重量％固体成分的导电粘合剂。
实施例3(导电原材＝粘合剂)
在上述的接枝聚合物3(高分子电解质组合物)(X1)20重量％、氟系聚合物(聚偏氟乙烯)(X2)70重量％、不具有聚合性基的熔融盐{1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓四氟磺酰亚胺(EMI-TFSI)}10重量％中，相对于与(X1)的总和添加1.0摩尔电荷迁移离子源(四氟磺酰亚胺锂)，将相对于(X1)和(X2)及不具有聚合性基的熔融盐的总和为10重量％的分散剂酞菁(商品名含有羟基的石油树脂“Lionol Blue”东洋油墨制造(株)制)熔融混合到N-甲基吡咯烷酮中，得到10重量％固体成分的导电粘合剂。
实施例4(导电原材＝树脂粒料)
在上述的接枝聚合物4(高分子电解质组合物)(X1)30重量％、氟系聚合物(聚偏氟乙烯聚合物)(X2)65重量％、具有聚合性基的熔融盐(亚乙基乙烯基咪唑双氟磺酰亚胺)5重量％中，相对于(X1)与具有聚合基的熔融盐的总和添加1.0摩尔电荷迁移离子源(四氟磺酰亚胺锂)，将相对于(X1)和(X2)的总和为10重量％的分散剂酞菁(商品名含有羟基的石油树脂“Lionol Blue”东洋油墨制造(株)制)熔融混炼，得到树脂混和物，接着将该混和物按照X相对于Y成为5重量％的方式混炼到“通用聚酯树脂”中，进行挤出成形，得到树脂粒料。
实施例5(导电原材＝涂料)
相对于上述的接枝聚合物5(高分子电解质组合物)(X1)15重量％、氟系聚合物(聚偏氟乙烯共聚物)(X2)70重量％、熔融盐单体的均聚物(Z‐1)15重量％，配合2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇55重量％和流平剂(BYK制品：BYK-331)20重量％，进一步相对于(X1)和(Z‐1)的总和添加0.5重量％的二月桂酸二丁基锡催化剂，以溶剂二甲苯/醋酸丁酯/醋酸溶纤剂的6：3：1配合进行稀释，制作固体成分浓度为30％的涂料。
实施例6(导电原材＝片材)
在上述的接枝聚合物6(高分子电解质组合物)(X1)20重量％、氟系聚合物(聚偏氟乙烯共聚物)(X2)70重量％、具有聚合基的熔融盐单体(MOETMA·FSI)的均聚物(Z-1)10重量％的混和物中，相对于(X1)和(X2)和(Z-1)总和配合2.0重量％的热聚合催化剂(和光纯药制：偶氮聚合引发剂V-60AIBN)，用溶剂苄基醇进行熔融搅拌而制作10重量％固体成分的涂装溶液。将该溶液流延到聚酯膜上并在65℃下加热而制作导电片材。
实施例7(导电原材＝丝)
将上述的接枝聚合物6(高分子电解质组合物)(X1)20重量％、氟系共聚物(四氟乙烯·全氟甲基乙烯基醚共聚物)(X2)65重量％、熔融盐单体的均聚物(Z-1)15重量％的总和30重量％与聚醚树脂(一液性聚氨酯树脂；URIC H-57Nippon Polyurethane制、液状固化剂；该公司制MILLIONATE MTL)(Y)的70重量％的混和物用乙醇溶剂进行熔融搅拌而制作10重量％固体成分的涂装溶液。在该溶液浴中浸渍聚酯丝，在90℃下干燥而制作导电丝。成为加工对象的丝的种类为天然原材丝或聚醚丝等没有特别限定。
实施例8(导电原材＝板状)
在上述的接枝聚合物6(高分子电解质组合物)(X1)10重量％、氟系聚合物(聚偏氟乙烯聚合物)(X2)80重量％、熔融盐单体的均聚物(Z-1)10重量％中，将1.0摩尔电荷迁移离子源(四氟磺酰亚胺锂的混合物)与通用环氧树脂(Y)混和，在与实施例6同样的条件下制作涂液。将该溶液以50微米厚度流延到丙烯酸树脂板上，加温至65℃而制作导电层膜树脂板。
实施例9(导电原材＝中空形状管状)
在上述的接枝聚合物6(高分子电解质组合物)(X1)30重量％、氟系聚合物(聚偏氟乙烯聚合物)(X2)60重量％、熔融盐单体的均聚物(Z-2)10重量％中，将1.0摩尔电荷迁移离子源(四氟磺酰亚胺锂的混合物)30重量％与铸型用氨基甲酸酯树脂(DIC Corporation制PANDEX P-910)(Y)70重量％混和，在与实施例6同样的条件下制作溶液。将该成形溶液材料投入到模具的模腔中，一边加热一边注入空气而制作中空形状管状的导电原材。该成形法也可以是注塑吹塑成形。
实施例10
在实施例1中，相对于X1配合1.0摩尔的电荷迁移离子源{(FSO2)2NLi}，与以下实施例1同样地操作而得到导电粘合剂。
实施例11
在实施例1中，相对于X1配合1.0摩尔的电荷迁移离子源，进一步相对于电荷迁移离子源配合0.5摩尔的四乙二醇二甲基醚(TEGDME)，以下与实施例1同样地操作而得到导电粘合剂。
比较例1
使用1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓双-{(三氟甲基)磺酰}亚胺(EMI·TFSI)的甲苯-甲基乙基酮溶液来代替实施例1中使用的接枝聚合物1，除此以外与实施例1同样地操作而得到粘合剂。
比较例2
实施例1中没有使用氟系聚合物，除此以外与实施例1同样地操作而得到粘合剂。
实施例12(层叠体)
将实施例1中得到的粘合剂涂布到聚酯膜(50微米)的单面上，在其上重叠聚酯膜(50微米)，以100℃、10kg/cm2进行2分钟热压接，得到层叠膜。中间层的粘合剂层的厚度为10微米，层叠体的总厚度为110微米。
实施例13(层叠体)
将实施例2中得到的粘合剂涂布到聚酯膜(50微米)的单面上，在其上将使聚丙烯树脂用挤出机进行熔融并从230℃的T-模挤出的熔融膜挤出涂敷到与50℃的冷硬轧辊密合的上述聚酯膜的粘合剂面上。接着，一边用设置于冷硬轧辊上的夹持辊挤压一边冷却，使其固化，得到与聚丙烯膜(72微米)的层叠膜。中间层的粘合剂层的厚度为15微米，层叠体的总厚度为137微米。
实施例14(层叠体)
将实施例3中得到的粘合剂涂布到聚酯膜(50微米)的单面上，在其上重叠聚酯膜(50微米)，以100℃、10kg/cm2进行2分钟热压接，得到层叠膜。中间层的粘合剂层的厚度为10微米，层叠体的总厚度为110微米。
实施例15(层叠体)
将实施例4中得到的粘合剂涂布到聚酯膜(50微米)的单面上，在其上重叠聚酯膜(50微米)，以100℃、10kg/cm2进行2分钟热压接，得到层叠膜。中间层的粘合剂层的厚度为10微米，层叠体的总厚度为110微米。
实施例16(层叠体)
将实施例3中得到的粘合剂涂布到聚酰亚胺膜(50微米)的单面上，在其上重叠聚酯膜(50微米)，以100℃、10kg/cm2进行2分钟热压接，得到层叠膜。中间层的粘合剂层的厚度为10微米，层叠体的总厚度为110微米。
比较例3
将比较例1中得到的粘合剂涂布到聚酯膜(50微米)的单面上，在其上重叠聚酯膜(50微米)，以100℃、10kg/cm2进行2分钟热压接，得到层叠膜。中间层的粘合剂层的厚度为10微米，层叠体的总厚度为110微米。
比较例4
将比较例2中得到的粘合剂涂布到聚酯膜(50微米)的单面上，在其上重叠聚酯膜(50微米)，以100℃、10kg/cm2进行2分钟热压接，得到层叠膜。中间层的粘合剂层的厚度为10微米，层叠体的总厚度为110微米。
[表2]
[表+3]
注1)密合强度：MPas(兆帕)，将层叠体的聚酯膜以5cm/分钟进行180度剥离，求出剥离强度。
注2)导电性：S/cm(每单位cm的siemens)，在电极面积为0.95cm2的铂电极间夹入试样，以20℃、65％RH，通过交流阻抗法(0.1V、频率1Hz～10MHz)测定膜电阻，算出膜导电性能。
注3)导电耐久性：测定在40℃-RH50％的条件下放置6个月后的导电性。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的导电原材由于具有优异的强度、优异的导电性和优异的导电耐久性，所以作为导电粘合剂、导电粘接剂、导电涂料、导电丝、导电片材、导电板状体、导电中空管体等是有用的，此外作为锂离子二次电池、电容器、燃料电池等的导电隔膜(过滤器)是有用的，进而层叠体在偏振板等光学用层叠体、磁带层叠体等要求导电性的领域是有用的。此外，配合LTO等金属或碳而制成导通体的粘合剂·粘接剂·涂料色相受到限制、或者在透明性有制约等的应用用途领域中有限制，但应用了本发明的导电原材的上述材料能够消除对色相的影响，还能够应用于要求与丙烯酸树脂的透明度相匹敌的透明性的导电原材。

Claims (10)

1.一种导电原材，其具有在氟系聚合物X2中含有0.1～95重量％的高分子导电组合物X1的组合物，
所述高分子导电组合物X1是在氟系聚合物上接枝聚合2～90摩尔％的熔融盐单体而得到的，
所述熔融盐单体具有包含鎓阳离子和含氟阴离子的盐结构、并且具有聚合性官能团。
2.根据权利要求1所述的导电原材，其中，进一步含有0.1～95重量％的选自包含鎓阳离子和含氟阴离子的熔融盐、具有包含鎓阳离子和含氟阴离子的盐结构并且具有聚合性官能团的熔融盐单体盐、所述熔融盐单体的聚合物或共聚物中的至少1种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的导电原材，其中，进一步含有0.1～95重量％的下述树脂Y，
树脂Y：选自聚烯烃系树脂、聚丙烯酸系树脂、聚卤素系树脂、醋酸乙烯酯系树脂、聚醚系树脂、二烯系树脂、聚酯系树脂、聚酰胺系树脂、聚砜系树脂、聚苯硫醚系树脂、聚酰亚胺系树脂、硅系树脂、聚氨酯系树脂、环氧系树脂、酚系树脂、氨基系树脂、天然系树脂中的至少1种树脂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的导电原材，其中，氟系聚合物为在偏氟乙烯上具有下式所示的单元的聚偏氟乙烯共聚物，
式：-(CR1R2-CFX)-
式中，X为除氟以外的卤素原子，
R1及R2为氢原子或氟原子，
两者可相同或不同。
5.根据权利要求1所述的导电原材，其中，利用原子转移自由基聚合，在氟系聚合物上接枝聚合熔融盐单体。
6.根据权利要求1所述的导电原材，其中，熔融盐单体为下述(A)和(B)的盐，
(A)为选自由甲基丙烯酸三烷基氨基乙酯铵阳离子、丙烯酸三烷基氨基乙酯铵阳离子、三烷基氨基丙基丙烯酰胺铵阳离子、2-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)二烷基铵阳离子、1-烷基-3-乙烯基咪唑鎓阳离子、4-乙烯基-1-烷基吡啶鎓阳离子、1-(4-乙烯基苄基)-3-烷基咪唑鎓阳离子、1-(乙烯氧基乙基)-3-烷基咪唑鎓阳离子、1-乙烯基咪唑鎓阳离子、1-烯丙基咪唑鎓阳离子、N-烷基-N-烯丙基铵阳离子、1-乙烯基-3-烷基咪唑鎓阳离子、1-乙烯基-3-烷基咪唑鎓阳离子、1-缩水甘油基-3-烷基-咪唑鎓阳离子、N-烯丙基-N-烷基吡咯烷鎓阳离子、鎓阳离子及季二烯丙基二烷基铵阳离子组成的组中的季铵阳离子，
(B)为选自由双{(三氟甲烷)磺酰}亚胺阴离子、2,2,2-三氟-N-{(三氟甲烷)磺酰基)}乙酰亚胺阴离子、双{(五氟乙烷)磺酰}亚胺阴离子、双{(氟)磺酰}亚胺阴离子、四氟硼酸盐阴离子、六氟磷酸盐阴离子、三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺阴离子、全氟烷烃磺酸盐阴离子、双(全氟烷烃磺酰)亚胺阴离子、三(全氟烷烃磺酰基)甲基化物阴离子组成的组中的阴离子。
7.根据权利要求1所述的导电原材，其中，作为电荷迁移离子源，含有选自由LiBF4、LiPF6、CnF2n+1CO2Li、CnF2n+1SO3Li、(FSO2)2NLi、(CF3SO2)2NLi、(C2F5SO2)2NLi、(FSO2)2Li、(CF3SO2)3CLi、(CF3SO2-N-COCF3)Li、(R-SO2-N-SO2CF3)Li及(CN-N)2CnF2n+1Li组成的组中的锂盐，其中，n为1～4的整数；R为脂肪族基或芳香族基。
8.根据权利要求7所述的导电原材，其中，在权利要求7所述的导电原材中含有四亚烷基二醇二烷基醚。
9.具有权利要求1所述的导电原材的导电粘合剂、导电粘接剂、导电涂料、成形用导电树脂粉末、注塑成形用导电树脂粒料、导电丝、导电片材、导电板或导电管状成形体。
10.一种导电层叠体，其具有含有权利要求1所述的导电原材的粘合剂、粘接剂或涂料层、或者以这些层作为中间层，且至少在单侧具有不拥有自由电子的绝缘体的下述非导体树脂W层，
树脂W：选自聚烯烃系树脂、聚丙烯酸系树脂、聚卤素系树脂、醋酸乙烯酯系树脂、聚醚系树脂、二烯系树脂、聚酯系树脂、聚酰胺系树脂、聚砜系树脂、聚苯硫醚树脂、聚酰亚胺系树脂、包含剥离片材的硅系树脂、聚氨酯系树脂、环氧系树脂、酚系树脂、氨基系树脂、天然系树脂中的至少1种树脂。
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