CN108181343B - Comprehensive test method for water and heat in soil body freezing process - Google Patents
Comprehensive test method for water and heat in soil body freezing process Download PDFInfo
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- CN108181343B CN108181343B CN201810056473.1A CN201810056473A CN108181343B CN 108181343 B CN108181343 B CN 108181343B CN 201810056473 A CN201810056473 A CN 201810056473A CN 108181343 B CN108181343 B CN 108181343B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water heat comprehensive test system in a soil freezing process, which comprises a test mold, a cold bath device, a soil body layering frost heaving deformation test device, a water supplementing device, a water content detection device and a temperature detection device, wherein the test mold is internally provided with a tested soil sample, the cold bath device enables the tested soil sample to be frozen through refrigeration, the soil body layering frost heaving deformation test device conducts frost heaving deformation test on the tested soil sample, the water supplementing device simulates underground water to supplement water to the interior of the tested soil sample, and the water permeable layer is arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the test mold. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a comprehensive test method for water-heat power in the soil freezing process, which comprises the following steps: firstly, obtaining a soil sample; secondly, filling a mold; thirdly, sealing the mold; fourthly, recording a soil sample freezing test and test data; and fifthly, test data is sorted, the method is simple in steps, convenient to implement and good in using effect, and the water content, the temperature and the vertical deformation in the soil body in the freezing process can be tested.
Description
The invention relates to a divisional application of an invention patent application with application date 2015, 4-month and 10-day and application number 201510169750.6, and named as a comprehensive test system and a test method for water thermal force in a soil freezing process.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of indoor test of roadbed engineering in frozen soil areas, and particularly relates to a comprehensive test method for water and heat in a soil freezing process.
Background
The frozen soil area of China is widely distributed, wherein the frozen soil area accounts for 22.3 percent of the national soil area for many years, the frozen soil area accounts for the third place in the world, and the frozen soil area accounts for the most part of the world at high altitude. The season frozen soil is more spread over most of the territory. Roads constructed in the frozen soil areas have different disease forms, for example, the typical disease form of permafrost areas is uneven deformation and longitudinal cracks of roadbed, and the typical disease form of seasonal frozen soil areas is frost heaving and slurry turning. Although the shapes of the diseases of roads in different areas are different, most of the diseases are accompanied by the migration of water in the soil, the change of the temperature in the soil and the frost heaving deformation of the soil. In the soil body freezing process, the internal temperature of the soil body can change along with the freezing process, the change of the temperature causes the change of the suction force, the water content and the like in the soil body, and causes the change of the soil body permeability characteristic, the soil-water characteristic and the water-heat-force coupling characteristic. Meanwhile, a temperature gradient exists in the soil body, under the action of the temperature gradient, moisture in the soil body can migrate, and the soil body can deform.
At present, the technology of a water thermal comprehensive test aiming at the indoor soil body freezing process is less and immature, the real-time observation and recording of the water content and the temperature in the soil body and the vertical deformation of the soil body are difficult to be synchronously realized, and only the observation is limited to a single factor or two factors, so that the integration performance is poor, the efficiency is low, and the test precision is not high. In summary, a comprehensive test system capable of recording and observing the change rule of water content and temperature in the soil body in real time in the freezing process and measuring the vertical deformation of the soil body is urgently needed to be developed for researching the comprehensive action of water and heat in the soil body freezing process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a comprehensive hydrothermal test system in the soil body freezing process, which has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design, simple and convenient use and operation and good use effect, can simulate the soil body freezing process indoors, and can effectively test the water content, the temperature and the vertical deformation of the interior of the soil body in the freezing process.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a soil mass freezing process hydrothermal comprehensive test system which is characterized in that: the test mold is a cylindrical mold which is vertically arranged; a permeable layer is arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the test mold, a tested soil sample is positioned above the permeable layer, the water supplementing device supplements water to the tested soil sample through a water supplementing pipe, and a water outlet of the water supplementing pipe is positioned below the permeable layer;
the cold bath device comprises a refrigerating device filled with cooling liquid and a cooling coil formed by coiling a cooling liquid circulation pipeline, and the top and the bottom of the tested soil sample are both provided with the cooling coil;
the soil body layering frost heaving deformation testing device comprises a plurality of frost heaving deformation testing devices which respectively test frost heaving deformation quantities at different depths in a tested soil sample in real time, and the plurality of frost heaving deformation testing devices are identical in structure and are vertical displacement testing devices; each frost heaving deformation testing device comprises a frost heaving deformation testing rod inserted into a soil sample to be tested from top to bottom at a depth position and an outer sleeve sleeved on the outer side of the frost heaving deformation testing rod, the frost heaving deformation testing rod is a measuring rod for testing the vertical deformation of the insertion position of the frost heaving deformation testing rod in real time, the frost heaving deformation testing rod is L-shaped, the bottom of the frost heaving deformation testing rod extends out of the outer sleeve, and the frost heaving deformation testing rod and the outer sleeve are vertically arranged;
the water content detection device comprises a plurality of water sensors for respectively detecting the water content at different depths in the tested soil sample in real time and a water content information acquisition unit for acquiring the water content information detected by the water sensors, and the water sensors are electrically connected with the water content information acquisition unit;
the temperature detection device comprises a plurality of temperature sensors for respectively detecting the temperatures at different depths in the tested soil sample in real time and a temperature information acquisition unit for acquiring the temperature information detected by the temperature sensors, and the temperature sensors are electrically connected with the temperature information acquisition unit;
the plurality of moisture sensors and the plurality of temperature sensors are buried in the tested soil sample.
The water heat comprehensive test system in the soil body freezing process is characterized in that: the plurality of moisture sensors are arranged on the same vertical surface from top to bottom, the plurality of temperature sensors are arranged on the same vertical surface from top to bottom, the plurality of moisture sensors and the water content information acquisition unit are connected through an electric connecting wire, and the plurality of temperature sensors and the temperature information acquisition unit are connected through the electric connecting wire; and a plurality of wire outlet holes for the electric connecting wires to penetrate out are formed in the side wall of the test mold.
The water heat comprehensive test system in the soil body freezing process is characterized in that: the soil body layering frost heaving deformation testing device also comprises a reference beam positioned above the tested soil sample, and the reference beam is horizontally arranged; the device comprises an outer sleeve, a scale is arranged on the outer side wall of the upper portion of the frost heaving deformation testing rod, the upper end of the frost heaving deformation testing rod extends out of the outer sleeve, the height of the upper end of the frost heaving deformation testing rod is not lower than the installation height of a reference beam, and the reference beam is a vertical deformation testing reference beam matched with the scale arranged on the upper portion of the frost heaving deformation testing rod.
The water heat comprehensive test system in the soil body freezing process is characterized in that: the frost heaving deformation testing devices are all embedded in the middle of the tested soil sample; the test mold comprises a protective cylinder with openings at the upper and lower parts, an upper plugging piece for plugging the upper part of the protective cylinder and a lower plugging piece for plugging the lower part of the protective cylinder, a tested soil sample is arranged in the protective cylinder, and the protective cylinder is a cylindrical cylinder; the permeable layer is positioned at the bottom of the inner side of the casing, and the soil sample to be tested is positioned above the permeable layer; the lower plugging piece is provided with a lower through hole for the water replenishing pipe to penetrate, and the upper plugging piece is provided with an upper through hole for the frost heaving deformation testing device to penetrate out from the upper part.
The water heat comprehensive test system in the soil body freezing process is characterized in that: the permeable layer comprises a gravel cushion layer which is horizontally arranged and a permeable grid which is laid on the gravel cushion layer, a plurality of permeable holes are formed in the permeable grid, the permeable grid is positioned at the bottom of the inner side of the protective cylinder, and the diameter of the permeable grid is not larger than the inner diameter of the protective cylinder; the gravel cushion layer is positioned between the water permeable grid and the lower plugging piece;
the lower plugging piece is positioned below the pile casing, and the bottom of the pile casing is supported on the lower plugging piece; the top height of the protective cylinder is higher than that of the soil sample to be tested, and the upper plugging piece is positioned at the upper part of the inner side of the protective cylinder; a protective ring is arranged right above the protective cylinder, the protective ring is a circular ring which is arranged horizontally, the lower plugging piece is circular, and the outer diameter of the protective ring and the diameter of the lower plugging piece are both larger than the outer diameter of the protective cylinder; the protective ring and the lower plugging piece are fixedly connected into a whole through a plurality of stand columns, the stand columns are distributed along the circumferential direction, and the protective cylinder is fixedly fastened between the protective ring and the lower plugging piece through the stand columns.
The water heat comprehensive test system in the soil body freezing process is characterized in that: the cooling liquid circulation pipeline is a brass pipe and is connected with the refrigerating device through a rubber hose; the number of the refrigerating devices and the number of the cooling coils are two, the two cooling coils are an upper coil and a lower coil which are respectively positioned at the upper side and the lower side of the tested soil sample, the upper coil and the lower coil are both horizontally arranged and are respectively connected with the two refrigerating devices; the lower plugging piece comprises a lower disc positioned below the protective cylinder and a lower cover plate positioned below the lower disc, and a lower cavity for mounting the lower coil is formed between the lower disc and the lower cover plate; the upper plugging piece comprises a movable disc and a movable cover plate, the movable disc is located above the soil sample to be tested, the movable disc is a disc which is horizontally arranged, the movable cover plate is a circular plate which is horizontally arranged, and an upper cavity for mounting the upper coil pipe is arranged between the movable disc and the movable cover plate.
The water heat comprehensive test system in the soil body freezing process is characterized in that: the water replenishing device comprises a water replenishing bottle, and the water replenishing bottle is a Ma's bottle; one end of the water replenishing pipe is communicated with the inside of the water replenishing bottle, and the other end of the water replenishing pipe extends into the bottom of the inner side of the test mold.
Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a comprehensive test method for the water-heat power in the soil body freezing process, which has the advantages of simple steps, reasonable design, convenient realization and good use effect, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, soil sample acquisition: obtaining a soil sample needing to be subjected to a hydrothermal comprehensive test;
step two, die filling: laying the permeable layer at the bottom of the inner side of the test mold, then filling the tested soil sample obtained in the step one into the test mold in a layering manner, and tamping the filled tested soil sample after each layer is filled;
in the process of loading the soil sample in a layered mode, burying the plurality of moisture sensors, the plurality of temperature sensors and the plurality of frost heaving deformation testing devices into the tested soil sample;
step three, sealing the mold: plugging the upper part of the test mold, wherein the upper part and the lower part of the test mold are in a plugging state;
step four, soil sample freezing test and test data recording: starting the cold bath device and the water replenishing device, and refrigerating and replenishing water to the tested soil sample loaded into the test mould in the step two to freeze the tested soil sample; in the freezing process of the tested soil sample, recording the test data of the plurality of moisture sensors, the plurality of temperature sensors and the plurality of frost heaving deformation test devices for a plurality of times;
when the water content in the tested soil sample is stable, closing the cold bath device and the water replenishing device, and ending the soil sample freezing test;
step five, test data arrangement: and drawing the change curves of the water content, the temperature and the vertical deformation at different depths in the tested soil sample along with time according to the test data of the plurality of water content sensors, the plurality of temperature sensors and the plurality of frost heaving deformation test devices recorded in the fourth step.
The method is characterized in that: and in the fourth step, when the water content in the soil sample to be tested is stable, the water content information detected by the plurality of water content sensors fluctuates within the range of +/-0.1%.
The method is characterized in that: when the soil sample is obtained in the first step, firstly, a soil sampler is adopted outdoors to take out the soil sample which needs to be subjected to the hydro-thermal comprehensive test, and the initial water content of the soil sample is tested; then, drying the soil sample indoors by adopting drying equipment; and before the mold is installed in the second step, according to the initial water content of the soil sample obtained by testing, uniformly mixing the dried soil sample with water, and curing the mixture for 5 hours +/-0.5 hours to prepare the soil sample with uniform water content distribution.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the comprehensive testing system for the water heating power in the soil body freezing process is simple in structure, reasonable in design, low in investment cost and convenient to machine, manufacture, install and arrange.
2. The adopted soil body freezing process water heat comprehensive test system mainly comprises a test mold, a cold bath device, a soil body layering frost heaving deformation test device, a water supplementing device, a water content detection device and a temperature detection device, wherein the test mold is internally provided with a tested soil sample, the cold bath device enables the tested soil sample to be frozen through refrigeration, the soil body layering frost heaving deformation test device conducts frost heaving deformation test on the tested soil sample in the freezing process, the water supplementing device simulates underground water to supplement water to the inside of the tested soil sample from bottom to top, the water content detection device conducts real-time detection on the water content inside the tested soil sample, and the temperature detection device conducts real-time detection on the temperature inside the tested soil sample.
3. The water heat comprehensive test system for the soil body freezing process is simple and convenient to use and operate, low in operation difficulty, good in using effect and high in practical value, can simulate the soil body freezing process indoors, can effectively simulate the soil body freezing process indoors, and can effectively test the water content, the temperature and the vertical deformation inside the soil body in the freezing process. The change law of the water content and the temperature in the soil body in the freezing process can be monitored in real time, the vertical deformation of the soil body at different positions in the freezing process can be tested, and the deformation law of the soil body in the freezing process can be known. Therefore, the adopted water heat comprehensive test system for the soil body freezing process integrates the functions of monitoring the water content, the temperature and the deformation in the soil body, and has the advantages of good integration performance, high test precision and the like.
4. The adopted cold bath device has simple structure, reasonable design and simple and easy control, can simply refrigerate the upper part and the lower part of the tested soil sample, and realizes the freezing of the indoor soil body.
5. The adopted water supplementing device can effectively simulate the underground water rising condition and can achieve the purpose of uniformly supplementing water to the tested soil column.
6. The adopted water content detection device and temperature detection device can synchronously carry out real-time and effective monitoring on the water content change process and the temperature change process of a plurality of different heights inside the tested soil body respectively.
7. The water heat comprehensive test system used in the soil body freezing process can be better combined with the actual engineering, the test result is visual, accurate and stable, and the test result is less influenced by external test environmental factors.
8. The adopted soil body freezing process water-heat comprehensive test method has the advantages of simple steps, reasonable design, convenient realization and good use effect, can simply, conveniently, quickly and effectively realize the soil body freezing process water-heat comprehensive test process, can effectively test the water content, the temperature and the vertical deformation of the soil body in the freezing process, and has high test precision.
9. The testing device has wide application range, can respectively test saturated soil and unsaturated soil, can be effectively used under open conditions and closed conditions, can be effectively applied to the research of the comprehensive action of water and heat in the indoor soil body freezing process, and can monitor the change rule of the water content and the temperature in the soil body and the deformation rule of the soil body in the freezing process in real time.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a comprehensive test system for hydrothermal force in the soil freezing process adopted by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a lower cover plate adopted in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a lower disc used in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the casing used in the present invention.
Fig. 4-1 is a top view of fig. 4.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a movable disk used in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the stand bar used in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a removable cover plate used in the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the water permeable mesh employed in the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a grommet used in the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the outer sleeve according to the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a frost heaving deformation test bar used in the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a partial enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 11.
Fig. 13 is a flow chart of a comprehensive hydrothermal test method in the soil freezing process adopted in the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a limit nut; 2-rubber hose; 3, graduation;
4-a refrigeration device; 5-tested soil sample; 6, a column;
7, protecting the cylinder; 8, a temperature information acquisition unit; 9-temperature sensor;
10-a leg; 11-lower cover plate; 12-lower disc;
13-a gravel cushion; 14-water supply pipe; 15-a coolant flow conduit;
16-water replenishing bottle; 17-a glass tube; 18-a bottle stopper;
19-a water-permeable grid; 20-water content information acquisition unit; 21-outlet hole;
22-a moisture sensor; 23-frost heaving deformation test rod; 24-outer sleeve;
25-a reference beam; 26-a removable cover plate; 27-a guard ring;
28-a movable disc; 29-1 — first circular aperture; 29-2 — second round hole;
29-3 — third round hole; 29-4-fourth round hole; 30-connecting bolts;
31-bolt mounting hole.
Detailed Description
The soil body freezing process water heat comprehensive test system shown in fig. 1 comprises a test mold, a cooling bath device, a soil body layering frost heaving deformation test device, a water supplementing device, a water content detection device and a temperature detection device, wherein the test mold is internally provided with a tested soil sample 5, the cooling bath device enables the tested soil sample 5 to be frozen through refrigeration, the soil body layering frost heaving deformation test device conducts frost heaving deformation test on the tested soil sample 5 in the freezing process, the water supplementing device conducts water supplement on the interior of the tested soil sample 5 from bottom to top by simulating underground water, the water content detection device conducts real-time detection on the water content in the tested soil sample 5, the temperature detection device conducts real-time detection on the temperature in the tested soil sample 5, and the test mold. The inboard bottom of examination mould is provided with the permeable bed, is located by test soil sample 5 the permeable bed top, the moisturizing device carries out the moisturizing to being tested soil sample 5 through moisturizing pipe 14, and the delivery port of moisturizing pipe 14 is located permeable bed below.
The cold bath device comprises a refrigerating device 4 filled with cooling liquid inside and a cooling coil formed by coiling a cooling liquid circulating pipeline 15, and the cooling coil is arranged at the top and the bottom of the tested soil sample 5.
The soil body layering frost heaving deformation testing device comprises a plurality of frost heaving deformation testing devices which respectively test frost heaving deformation quantities at different depths in the tested soil sample 5 in real time, and the plurality of frost heaving deformation testing devices are identical in structure and are vertical displacement testing devices; every frost heaving deformation testing device all includes that one from top to bottom inserts frost heaving deformation test rod 23 and the outer tube 24 of suit in the frost heaving deformation test rod 23 outside of being tested the inside needs test degree of depth department of soil sample 5, and frost heaving deformation test rod 23 is the measuring staff that carries out real-time test to the vertical deflection of its inserted position department, frost heaving deformation test rod 23 is L shape and its bottom stretches out to the outer tube 24 outside, frost heaving deformation test rod 23 and outer tube 24 all are vertical to laying.
The water content detection device includes that a plurality of difference carry out real-time detection's moisture sensor 22 and to a plurality of to the water content of the inside different degree of depth department of tested soil sample 5 moisture content information that moisture sensor 22 detected carries out the water content information acquisition unit 20 of gathering, and is a plurality of moisture sensor 22 all is connected with water content information acquisition unit 20 electricity.
The temperature detection device comprises a plurality of temperature sensors 9 and a plurality of temperature information acquisition units 8, wherein the temperature sensors 9 are used for detecting the temperatures of different depths in the tested soil sample 5 in real time respectively, and the temperature information acquisition units 8 are used for acquiring the temperature information detected by the temperature sensors 9 and are a plurality of temperature sensors 9 which are electrically connected with the temperature information acquisition units 8.
The plurality of moisture sensors 22 and the plurality of temperature sensors 9 are buried inside the soil sample 5 to be tested.
In actual use, the test mold is a mold with an opening at the upper part.
In this embodiment, the plurality of moisture sensors 22 are arranged on the same vertical surface from top to bottom, the plurality of temperature sensors 9 are arranged on the same vertical surface from top to bottom, the plurality of moisture sensors 22 and the water content information acquisition unit 20 are connected through an electrical connection line, and the plurality of temperature sensors 9 and the temperature information acquisition unit 8 are connected through the electrical connection line; and a plurality of wire outlet holes 21 for the electric connecting wires to pass through are formed in the side wall of the test mold.
When the moisture sensors 22 and the temperature sensors 9 are actually arranged and installed, the moisture sensors 22 and the temperature sensors 9 are arranged horizontally, the number of the moisture sensors 22 is the same as that of the temperature sensors 9, and the arrangement heights of the moisture sensors 22 are respectively the same as that of the temperature sensors 9.
In this embodiment, a plurality of temperature sensor 9 equipartition is established on the left of being tested soil sample 5, and is a plurality of moisture sensor 22 equipartition is established on the right side of being tested soil sample 5. Moreover, the plurality of moisture sensors 22 and the plurality of temperature sensors 9 are all arranged on the same vertical plane.
In this embodiment, the number of the moisture sensors 22 and the number of the temperature sensors 9 are 9.
In actual use, the number of the moisture sensors 22 and the temperature sensors 9 can be adjusted according to specific needs.
In this embodiment, the plurality of moisture sensors 22 are uniformly arranged, and the plurality of temperature sensors 9 are uniformly arranged. In addition, the distance between the uppermost moisture sensor 22 of the plurality of moisture sensors 22 and the top surface of the soil sample 5 to be tested and the distance between the lowermost moisture sensor 22 and the bottom surface of the soil sample 5 to be tested are both smaller than the distance between two vertically adjacent moisture sensors 22. The soil sample 5 to be tested was a cylindrical soil sample.
During actual use, the water content and the temperature at different heights inside the soil sample 5 to be tested are respectively detected in real time through the plurality of water content sensors 22 and the plurality of temperature sensors 9, and are respectively sampled through the plurality of water content sensors 22 and the plurality of temperature sensors 9 according to the pre-designed sampling frequency and the water content information acquisition unit 20 and the temperature information acquisition unit 8.
In this embodiment, the soil body layering frost heaving deformation testing device further comprises a reference beam 25 located above the tested soil sample 5, and the reference beam 25 is horizontally arranged. With reference to fig. 10, 11 and 12, the outer side wall of the upper portion of the frost heaving deformation testing rod 23 is provided with a scale 3, the upper end of the frost heaving deformation testing rod 23 extends out of the outer sleeve 24, the height of the upper end of the frost heaving deformation testing rod is not lower than the installation height of the reference beam 25, and the reference beam 25 is a reference beam for vertical deformation testing, which is used in cooperation with the scale 3 arranged on the upper portion of the frost heaving deformation testing rod 23.
During the in-service use, it is a plurality of the frost heaving deformation testing device all buries underground in 5 middle parts of tested soil sample.
In this embodiment, the number of the frost heaving deformation testing devices is four. During the in-service use, can be according to concrete needs, it is right the quantity of frost heaving deformation testing arrangement and each frost heaving deformation testing arrangement bury the degree of depth and carry out corresponding adjustment to the vertical deflection that realizes also saying different height departments to the different degree of depth department to be measured by 5 inside soil samples that are tested.
In this embodiment, grease is coated between the frost heaving deformation testing rod 23 and the outer sleeve 24.
During the in-service use, warp the test bar 23 and protect through outer tube 24 to frost heaving, make simultaneously to be tested no friction between soil sample 5 and the frost heaving warp test bar 23 to effectively guarantee the measuring accuracy of vertical deflection. The frost heaving deformation test rod 23 is a vertical displacement test rod.
In this embodiment, the water replenishing device includes a water replenishing bottle 16, and the water replenishing bottle 16 is a mahalanobis bottle; one end of the water replenishing pipe 14 is communicated with the inside of the water replenishing bottle 16, and the other end of the water replenishing pipe extends into the bottom of the inner side of the test mold. Thus, the water supply bottle 16 is manufactured using the mahalanobis bottle principle.
The water replenishing bottle 16 comprises a bottle body, a bottle stopper 18 arranged at the upper bottle opening of the bottle body for sealing and a glass tube 17 inserted into the bottle body from top to bottom, wherein the upper end and the lower end of the glass tube 17 are both provided with openings, and the opening height of the lower end of the glass tube is the same as the bottom height of the water permeable layer; the other end of the water replenishing pipe 14 is positioned below the permeable layer. Like this, among the actual operation process, insert the moisturizing bottle 16 bottoms with glass pipe 17 end opening, the hydrostatic pressure in the moisturizing bottle 16 just equals the height of glass pipe 17 export liquid level, makes the end opening height under the glass pipe 17 and the bottom of earth pillar examination mould promptly the bottom parallel and level of permeable bed just can control the moisturizing water level of moisturizing device is the height of moisturizing liquid level to reach the mesh that simulation groundwater rose.
Therefore, in the actual use process, the water supplementing device can simulate underground water to uniformly supplement water to the tested soil sample 5 and can maintain the water supplementing level.
In this embodiment, the refrigerating apparatus 4 includes a cooling liquid storage tank in which cooling liquid is stored, and a refrigerator that refrigerates the cooling liquid stored in the cooling liquid storage tank, and the refrigerator is disposed in the cooling liquid storage tank.
In practice, the coolant circulation line 15 is a brass tube and is connected to the refrigeration device 4 via the rubber hose 2. The method comprises the following steps: the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the cooling liquid circulation pipeline 15 are respectively connected with the liquid outlet and the liquid inlet which are arranged on the cooling liquid storage box. In this embodiment, the cooling coil is annular and is a circulating flow pipeline of the cooling liquid. During actual use, the refrigerating temperature of the refrigerator can be set, and the refrigerating temperature of the refrigerator is regulated and controlled through the controller.
With reference to fig. 4 and 4-1, the test mold comprises a casing 7 with openings at the upper and lower sides, an upper plugging piece for plugging the upper part of the casing 7, and a lower plugging piece for plugging the lower part of the casing 7, the soil sample 5 to be tested is arranged in the casing 7, and the casing 7 is a cylindrical barrel. The permeable layer is positioned at the bottom of the inner side of the casing 7, and the tested soil sample 5 is positioned above the permeable layer. The lower plugging piece is provided with a lower through hole for the water replenishing pipe 14 to penetrate, and the upper plugging piece is provided with an upper through hole for the frost heaving deformation testing device to penetrate out from the upper part.
In this embodiment, the upper through hole is a first circular hole 29-1, and the lower through hole is a second circular hole 29-2.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the casing 7 is a cylindrical tube having an opening at both the upper and lower sides. In actual use, the casing 7 may be a cylindrical cylinder having only an upper opening and a bottom plate at the bottom.
In this embodiment, the protective cylinder 7 is an organic glass cylinder.
In actual processing, the outer diameter of the pile casing 7 is phi 450 mm-phi 550mm, the wall thickness is 15 mm-20 mm, and the height is 900 mm-1100 mm.
In this embodiment, the outer diameter of the casing 7 is Φ 500mm, the wall thickness is 17mm, and the height is 1000 mm. In actual use, the outer diameter, the wall thickness and the height of the pile casing 7 can be adjusted correspondingly according to specific requirements.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the permeable layer includes a gravel cushion layer 13 laid horizontally and a permeable mesh 19 laid on the gravel cushion layer 13, a plurality of permeable holes are opened on the permeable mesh 19, and the permeable mesh 19 is located at the bottom of the inner side of the casing 7 and has a diameter not larger than the inner diameter of the casing 7. The gravel cushion 13 is located between the water permeable mesh 19 and the lower plug.
The thickness of the gravel cushion layer 13 is 2cm, and the grain diameter of the gravel adopted by the gravel cushion layer 13 is not more than 1 cm.
In this embodiment, the permeable grid 19 is made of stainless steel and is uniformly provided with a plurality of permeable holes, and the permeable grid 19 is circular and has a diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the test mold of the earth pillar.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 9, the lower plugging member is located below the casing 7, and the bottom of the casing 7 is supported on the lower plugging member; the top end of the protective cylinder 7 is higher than that of the tested soil sample 5, and the upper plugging piece is positioned at the upper part of the inner side of the protective cylinder 7; a protective ring 27 is arranged right above the protective cylinder 7, the protective ring 27 is a circular ring which is arranged horizontally, the lower plugging piece is circular, and the outer diameter of the protective ring 27 and the diameter of the lower plugging piece are both larger than the outer diameter of the protective cylinder 7; the guard ring 27 and the lower plugging piece are fixedly connected into a whole through a plurality of upright posts 6, the upright posts 6 are distributed along the circumferential direction, and the guard cylinder 7 is fixedly fastened between the guard ring 27 and the lower plugging piece through the upright posts 6.
In this embodiment, the plurality of columns 6 are uniformly arranged, and the plurality of columns 6 are arranged along the circumferential direction. And, the number of the pillars 6 is six.
In actual use, the number of the upright columns 6 and the arrangement positions of the upright columns 6 can be correspondingly adjusted according to specific requirements.
In this embodiment, the number of the refrigerating devices 4 and the number of the cooling coils are two, the two cooling coils are respectively an upper coil and a lower coil which are positioned at the upper side and the lower side of the tested soil sample 5, the upper coil and the lower coil are horizontally arranged, and the two are respectively connected with the two refrigerating devices 4.
During actual processing, the lower plugging piece and the guard ring 27 are both provided with 6 third round holes 29-3 for the upright post 6 to pass through.
In this embodiment, the reference beam 25 is installed on the two vertical columns 6, and the left and right ends of the reference beam 25 are respectively supported at the upper ends of the two vertical columns 6; the reference beam 25 is located above the guard ring 27. Correspondingly, the two ends of the reference beam 25 are respectively provided with a fifth round hole for the upright post 6 to penetrate through.
During the in-service use, frost heaving deformation test rod 23 upper portion is provided with scale 3 and reference beam 25 cooperatees, can be simple and convenient, the vertical deflection of the soil body frost heaving of directly perceived reading.
Referring to fig. 6, a foot 10 is provided at the bottom of each of the columns 6.
In the embodiment, each upright post 6 is provided with three limiting nuts 1, and the three limiting nuts 1 are connected with the upright post 6 in a threaded manner; the three limit nuts are respectively a first limit nut for limiting the lower plugging piece, a second limit nut for limiting the retaining ring 27 and a third limit nut for limiting the reference beam 25, the first limit nut is located below the lower plugging piece, the second limit nut is located above the retaining ring 27, and the third limit nut is located below the reference beam 25.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the lower blocking piece includes a lower circular disc 12 located below the casing 7 and a lower cover plate 11 located below the lower circular disc 12, and a lower cavity for installing the lower coil is provided between the lower circular disc 12 and the lower cover plate 11. As shown in fig. 5 and 7, the upper blocking member includes a movable disk 28 located above the soil sample 5 to be tested and a movable cover plate 26 located above the movable disk 28, the movable disk 28 is a horizontally arranged disk, the movable cover plate 26 is a horizontally arranged circular plate, and an upper cavity for installing the upper coil is arranged between the movable disk 28 and the movable cover plate 26. Correspondingly, the lower disk 12 and the lower cover plate 11 are both provided with 6 third round holes 29-3. Meanwhile, the movable cover plate 26 and the lower cover plate 11 are both provided with two fourth round holes 29-4 for the rubber hose 2 to pass through respectively.
In this embodiment, the lower cover plate 11 is a circular flat plate, the lower cavity is a groove formed at the bottom of the lower disk 12, and the upper cavity is a groove formed at the upper portion of the movable disk 28.
In this embodiment, the movable disk 28 and the movable cover plate 26 are connected together by a plurality of connecting bolts 30 arranged along the circumferential direction, and a plurality of bolt mounting holes 31 for mounting the connecting bolts 30 are formed on both the movable disk 28 and the movable cover plate 26.
In actual use, the lower disc 12 and the lower cover plate 11 are fixed, while the movable disc 28 and the movable cover plate 26 can move up and down and are movably mounted.
Fig. 13 shows a comprehensive test method for water-heat in the soil freezing process, which comprises the following steps:
step one, soil sample acquisition: obtaining a soil sample needing to be subjected to a hydrothermal comprehensive test;
step two, die filling: laying the permeable layer at the bottom of the inner side of the test mold, then filling the soil sample obtained in the step one into the test mold in a layering manner, and tamping the filled soil sample after each layer is filled; after the soil sample is loaded into a test mold in layers, a tested soil sample 5 is obtained;
in the process of loading soil samples in a layered mode, embedding the plurality of moisture sensors 22, the plurality of temperature sensors 9 and the plurality of frost heaving deformation testing devices into the tested soil sample 5;
step three, sealing the mold: plugging the upper part of the test mold, wherein the upper part and the lower part of the test mold are in a plugging state;
step four, soil sample freezing test and test data recording: starting the cold bath device and the water replenishing device, and refrigerating and replenishing water to the tested soil sample 5 loaded into the test mould in the step two to freeze the tested soil sample 5; in the process of freezing the tested soil sample 5, recording the test data of the plurality of moisture sensors 22, the plurality of temperature sensors 9 and the plurality of frost heaving deformation test devices for a plurality of times;
when the water content in the tested soil sample 5 is stable, closing the cold bath device and the water replenishing device, and ending the soil sample freezing test;
step five, test data arrangement: and drawing the change curves of the water content, the temperature and the vertical deformation at different depths in the tested soil sample 5 along with the time according to the test data of the plurality of moisture sensors 22, the plurality of temperature sensors 9 and the plurality of frost heaving deformation test devices recorded in the fourth step.
In this embodiment, the cooling bath apparatus cools only the upper portion of the soil sample 5 to be tested, that is, cools only the upper portion of the soil sample 5 to be tested by using the upper coil pipe, and the temperature of the bottom of the soil sample 5 to be tested is kept consistent with the indoor temperature of the laboratory.
In actual use, the upper and lower portions of the soil sample 5 to be tested may be cooled by the upper coil and the lower coil, respectively.
In the fourth step, when the water content in the soil sample 5 to be tested is stable, the water content information detected by the plurality of water content sensors 22 fluctuates within the range of ± 0.1%.
In this embodiment, when the soil sample is obtained in the first step, a soil sampler is used outdoors to take out a soil sample to be subjected to a hydrothermal comprehensive test, and the initial water content of the soil sample is tested; then, drying the soil sample indoors by adopting drying equipment; and before the mold is installed in the second step, according to the initial water content of the soil sample obtained by testing, uniformly mixing the dried soil sample with water, and curing the mixture for 5 hours +/-0.5 hours to prepare the soil sample with uniform water content distribution. At this time, the soil sample was filled in the mold.
In this embodiment, when the mold is filled in the second step, a layer of gravel cushion layer 13 is firstly paved on the inner bottom of the test mold, specifically the lower plugging piece, and then the water-permeable grids 19 are horizontally paved on the gravel cushion layer 13; then, the manufactured soil sample is loaded into a test mold in a layered mode, and a soil column consisting of a plurality of layers of soil bodies, namely the tested soil sample 5, is correspondingly formed;
in the process of filling the mold, the moisture sensor 22, the temperature sensor 9, the frost heaving deformation testing rod 23 and the outer sleeve 24 are pre-embedded at corresponding monitoring positions inside the tested soil sample 5, and each layer of soil body is compacted by adopting a compacting tool so as to achieve corresponding compactness.
In this embodiment, the number of the wire outlet holes 21 formed in the side walls of the left and right sides of the casing 7 is 9, and the wire outlet hole 21 with the 9 wire outlet holes 21 located at the lowest portion is a bottom wire outlet hole.
Before the frost heaving deformation testing rod 23 and the outer sleeve 24 are embedded, the outer sleeve 24 is sleeved on the outer side of the frost heaving deformation testing rod 23. Placing the frost heaving deformation testing device at the central position of the pile casing 7 when the soil sample in the pile casing 7 is arranged at the position of the bottom wire outlet; and then, continuously filling a soil sample into the pile casing 7, and arranging the frost heaving deformation testing device at the central position of the pile casing 7 every three wire outlet holes 21.
In addition, in the mold filling process, when the moisture sensor 22 and the temperature sensor 9 are buried, when the soil sample to be filled is filled to the position of any outlet hole 21 of the 9 outlet holes 21, one moisture sensor 22 and one temperature sensor 9 are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the pile casing 7.
The loaded soil sample is actually hit in real time, and the weight should be light first and then heavy.
In this embodiment, after the mold loading in the second step is completed, the upper plugging member and the upper coil pipe are respectively installed to plug the upper part of the test mold; then, the reference beam 25 was mounted, and the relative positions of each frost heave deformation test bar 23 and the reference beam 25 in the vertical direction at this time were recorded.
In this embodiment, in the process of freezing the tested soil sample 5 in the fourth step, the moisture sensors 22, the temperature sensors 9 and the frost heaving deformation testing devices are used for detecting regularly and repeatedly, the testing data of the moisture sensors 22, the temperature sensors 9 and the frost heaving deformation testing devices are recorded, and the recorded testing data are the data of the water content, the temperature and the vertical deformation at different heights inside the tested soil sample 5.
In the actual test process, when the water content data detected by the plurality of water content sensors 22 varies within ± 0.1% and the water replenishing level of the water replenishing device is kept substantially constant, that is, the curve of the water content variation with time tends to be stable, the test is considered to be finished.
And after the test is finished, test data is sorted, the change curves of the water content, the temperature and the vertical deformation at different depths in the tested soil sample 5 along with the time are respectively drawn, and the change rule of the water content, the temperature and the frost heaving deformation in the soil body freezing process is mastered.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A comprehensive test method for water and heat in the soil freezing process is characterized by comprising the following steps: adopting a soil body freezing process water-heat comprehensive test system to carry out a test; the water heat comprehensive test system for the soil body freezing process comprises a test mold, a cold bath device, a soil body layering frost heaving deformation test device, a water supplementing device, a water content detection device and a temperature detection device, wherein the test mold is internally provided with a tested soil sample (5), the cold bath device enables the tested soil sample (5) to be frozen through refrigeration, the soil body layering frost heaving deformation test device conducts frost heaving deformation test on the tested soil sample (5) in the freezing process, the water supplementing device simulates underground water to supplement water to the interior of the tested soil sample (5) from bottom to top, the water content detection device conducts real-time detection on the water content in the tested soil sample (5), the temperature detection device conducts real-time detection on the temperature in the tested soil sample (5), and the test mold; a permeable layer is arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the test mold, a tested soil sample (5) is positioned above the permeable layer, the water supplementing device supplements water to the tested soil sample (5) through a water supplementing pipe (14), and a water outlet of the water supplementing pipe (14) is positioned below the permeable layer;
the cold bath device comprises a refrigerating device (4) filled with cooling liquid inside and a cooling coil formed by coiling a cooling liquid circulation pipeline (15), and the top and the bottom of the tested soil sample (5) are both provided with the cooling coil;
the soil body layering frost heaving deformation testing device comprises a plurality of frost heaving deformation testing devices which respectively test frost heaving deformation quantities at different depths in a tested soil sample (5) in real time, and the plurality of frost heaving deformation testing devices have the same structure and are vertical displacement testing devices; each frost heaving deformation testing device comprises a frost heaving deformation testing rod (23) inserted into a soil sample (5) to be tested from top to bottom at a depth position to be tested and an outer sleeve (24) sleeved on the outer side of the frost heaving deformation testing rod (23), the frost heaving deformation testing rod (23) is a testing rod for testing the vertical deformation of the inserted position of the frost heaving deformation testing rod in real time, the frost heaving deformation testing rod (23) is L-shaped, the bottom of the frost heaving deformation testing rod extends out of the outer sleeve (24), and the frost heaving deformation testing rod (23) and the outer sleeve (24) are vertically arranged;
the water content detection device comprises a plurality of water content sensors (22) which respectively detect the water content at different depths inside the soil sample (5) to be tested in real time and a water content information acquisition unit (20) which acquires the water content information detected by the plurality of water content sensors (22), wherein the plurality of water content sensors (22) are electrically connected with the water content information acquisition unit (20);
the temperature detection device comprises a plurality of temperature sensors (9) for respectively detecting the temperatures at different depths in the tested soil sample (5) in real time and a temperature information acquisition unit (8) for acquiring the temperature information detected by the temperature sensors (9), wherein the temperature sensors (9) are all electrically connected with the temperature information acquisition unit (8);
the plurality of moisture sensors (22) and the plurality of temperature sensors (9) are buried in a tested soil sample (5); the plurality of moisture sensors (22) are arranged on the same vertical surface from top to bottom, and the plurality of temperature sensors (9) are arranged on the same vertical surface from top to bottom; the plurality of moisture sensors (22) and the plurality of temperature sensors (9) are horizontally arranged, the number of the moisture sensors (22) is the same as that of the temperature sensors (9), and the arrangement height of the plurality of moisture sensors (22) is the same as that of the plurality of temperature sensors (9) respectively; the temperature sensors (9) are uniformly distributed on the left side of the tested soil sample (5), and the moisture sensors (22) are uniformly distributed on the right side of the tested soil sample (5); the plurality of moisture sensors (22) and the plurality of temperature sensors (9) are uniformly arranged on the same vertical surface;
the frost heaving deformation testing devices are all embedded in the middle of the tested soil sample (5); the test mold comprises a protective cylinder (7) with openings at the upper and lower parts, an upper plugging piece for plugging the upper part of the protective cylinder (7) and a lower plugging piece for plugging the lower part of the protective cylinder (7), a tested soil sample (5) is arranged in the protective cylinder (7), and the protective cylinder (7) is a cylindrical cylinder body; the water permeable layer is positioned at the bottom of the inner side of the casing (7), and the tested soil sample (5) is positioned above the water permeable layer; the lower plugging piece is provided with a lower through hole for the water replenishing pipe (14) to penetrate through, and the upper plugging piece is provided with an upper through hole for the upper parts of the multiple frost heaving deformation testing devices to penetrate through;
the permeable layer comprises a gravel cushion layer (13) which is horizontally arranged and a permeable grid (19) which is flatly laid on the gravel cushion layer (13), a plurality of permeable holes are formed in the permeable grid (19), the permeable grid (19) is positioned at the bottom of the inner side of the protective cylinder (7), and the diameter of the permeable grid is not larger than the inner diameter of the protective cylinder (7); the gravel cushion layer (13) is positioned between the water permeable grid (19) and the lower plugging piece;
the lower plugging piece is positioned below the protective cylinder (7), and the bottom of the protective cylinder (7) is supported on the lower plugging piece; the top end of the pile casing (7) is higher than that of the tested soil sample (5), and the upper plugging piece is positioned at the upper part of the inner side of the pile casing (7); a protective ring (27) is arranged right above the protective cylinder (7), the protective ring (27) is a circular ring which is arranged horizontally, the lower plugging piece is circular, and the outer diameter of the protective ring (27) and the diameter of the lower plugging piece are both larger than the outer diameter of the protective cylinder (7); the guard ring (27) and the lower plugging piece are fixedly connected into a whole through a plurality of upright posts (6), the upright posts (6) are distributed along the circumferential direction, and the guard cylinder (7) is fixedly fastened between the guard ring (27) and the lower plugging piece through the upright posts (6);
the method comprises the following steps:
step one, soil sample acquisition: obtaining a soil sample needing to be subjected to a hydrothermal comprehensive test;
step two, die filling: laying the permeable layer at the bottom of the inner side of the test mold, then filling the soil sample obtained in the step one into the test mold in a layering manner, and tamping the filled soil sample after each layer is filled; after the soil sample is loaded into a test mold in layers, a tested soil sample (5) is obtained;
in the process of loading the soil sample in a layered mode, embedding the plurality of moisture sensors (22), the plurality of temperature sensors (9) and the plurality of frost heaving deformation testing devices into the tested soil sample (5);
step three, sealing the mold: plugging the upper part of the test mold, wherein the upper part and the lower part of the test mold are in a plugging state;
step four, soil sample freezing test and test data recording: starting the cold bath device and the water replenishing device, and refrigerating and replenishing water to the tested soil sample (5) loaded into the test mold in the step two to freeze the tested soil sample (5); in the freezing process of the tested soil sample (5), recording the test data of the plurality of moisture sensors (22), the plurality of temperature sensors (9) and the plurality of frost heaving deformation test devices for a plurality of times;
when the water content in the tested soil sample (5) is stable, closing the cold bath device and the water replenishing device, and finishing the soil sample freezing test;
step five, test data arrangement: and drawing the change curves of the water content, the temperature and the vertical deformation at different depths in the tested soil sample (5) along with time according to the test data of the plurality of moisture sensors (22), the plurality of temperature sensors (9) and the plurality of frost heaving deformation test devices recorded in the fourth step.
2. The method for comprehensive testing of hydrodynamics during soil freezing according to claim 1, wherein: the moisture sensors (22) are connected with the water content information acquisition unit (20) through one electric connection line, and the temperature sensors (9) are connected with the temperature information acquisition unit (8) through another electric connection line; and a plurality of wire outlet holes (21) for the electric connecting wires to pass through are formed in the side wall of the test mold.
3. The comprehensive test method for hydrothermodynamic in soil freezing process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the soil body layering frost heaving deformation testing device further comprises a reference beam (25) positioned above the tested soil sample (5), wherein the reference beam (25) is horizontally arranged; be provided with scale (3) on the upper portion lateral wall of frost heaving deformation test pole (23), the upper end of frost heaving deformation test pole (23) stretches out to outer tube (24) outside and the mounting height that highly is not less than benchmark roof beam (25) on its upper end, benchmark roof beam (25) are for the vertical deformation test that cooperatees and use with the scale (3) that sets up on frost heaving deformation test pole (23) upper portion and use benchmark roof beam.
4. The method for comprehensive testing of hydrodynamics during soil freezing according to claim 1, wherein: the cooling liquid circulation pipeline (15) is a brass pipe and is connected with the refrigerating device (4) through a rubber hose (2); the number of the refrigerating devices (4) and the number of the cooling coils are two, the two cooling coils are an upper coil and a lower coil which are respectively positioned at the upper side and the lower side of the tested soil sample (5), the upper coil and the lower coil are both horizontally arranged and are respectively connected with the two refrigerating devices (4); the lower plugging piece comprises a lower disc (12) positioned below the protective cylinder (7) and a lower cover plate (11) positioned below the lower disc (12), and a lower cavity for mounting the lower coil is formed between the lower disc (12) and the lower cover plate (11); the upper plugging piece comprises a movable disc (28) located above the tested soil sample (5) and a movable cover plate (26) located above the movable disc (28), the movable disc (28) is a disc horizontally arranged, the movable cover plate (26) is a circular plate horizontally arranged, and an upper cavity for mounting the upper coil pipe is formed between the movable disc (28) and the movable cover plate (26).
5. The comprehensive test method for hydrothermodynamic in soil freezing process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the water replenishing device comprises a water replenishing bottle (16), and the water replenishing bottle (16) is a Ma's bottle; one end of the water replenishing pipe (14) is communicated with the interior of the water replenishing bottle (16), and the other end of the water replenishing pipe extends into the bottom of the inner side of the test mold.
6. The method for comprehensive testing of hydrodynamics during soil freezing according to claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, when the water content in the soil sample (5) to be tested is stable, the water content information detected by the plurality of water content sensors (22) fluctuates within the range of +/-0.1%.
7. The comprehensive test method for hydrothermodynamic in soil freezing process according to claim 1 or 6, wherein: when the soil sample is obtained in the first step, firstly, a soil sampler is adopted outdoors to take out the soil sample which needs to be subjected to the hydro-thermal comprehensive test, and the initial water content of the soil sample is tested; then, drying the soil sample indoors by adopting drying equipment; and before the mold is installed in the second step, according to the initial water content of the soil sample obtained by testing, uniformly mixing the dried soil sample with water, and curing the mixture for 5 hours +/-0.5 hours to prepare the soil sample with uniform water content distribution.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810056473.1A CN108181343B (en) | 2015-04-10 | 2015-04-10 | Comprehensive test method for water and heat in soil body freezing process |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510169750.6A CN104749205B (en) | 2015-04-10 | 2015-04-10 | Freezing Soils hydro-thermal power comprehensive test system |
| CN201810056473.1A CN108181343B (en) | 2015-04-10 | 2015-04-10 | Comprehensive test method for water and heat in soil body freezing process |
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| CN201510169750.6A Division CN104749205B (en) | 2015-04-10 | 2015-04-10 | Freezing Soils hydro-thermal power comprehensive test system |
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| CN201810056473.1A Expired - Fee Related CN108181343B (en) | 2015-04-10 | 2015-04-10 | Comprehensive test method for water and heat in soil body freezing process |
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| CN108181343A (en) | 2018-06-19 |
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