CN102253182B - Method for monitoring expansion and shrinkage deformation of deep soil body under influence of hot and rainy climate - Google Patents
Method for monitoring expansion and shrinkage deformation of deep soil body under influence of hot and rainy climate Download PDFInfo
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- CN102253182B CN102253182B CN201110175655.9A CN201110175655A CN102253182B CN 102253182 B CN102253182 B CN 102253182B CN 201110175655 A CN201110175655 A CN 201110175655A CN 102253182 B CN102253182 B CN 102253182B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for monitoring the expansion and shrinkage deformation of a deep soil body under the influence a hot and rainy climate. The method comprises the following steps: A. sample making and sample loading: spreading a silt layer or permeable stones at the bottom of a model groove, performing air drying on the soil sample, smashing, sieving and measuring the water content rate and density, loading the prepared soil samples in a spreading manner in layers, and sealing and standing the model groove to obtain consolidation settlement; B. wetting-drying circular test: leaching the soil samples by utilizing distilled water through a watering pot, and baking the soil samples by utilizing a reflection-type heater; C. data collection: recording each dial gauge reading, the water content rate in the soil body and the temperature in the soil body and the indoor temperature in drying and wetting process; and D. data processing: recording the numeral value of each dial gauge as an initial value of the deformation before the humidification process is implemented, and subtracting the initial value from the recorded dial gauge reading as the deformation value of the soil sample. By utilizing the method provided by the invention, the influence of the external environment on the experimental result is lowered and the reliability of the monitoring result is improved; and the method is simple in operation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soil monitoring field in Geotechnical Engineering and engineering geology, be specifically related to the monitoring method of the lower different deep soil swell-shrinking deformations of the rainy hot climate impact of a kind of lab simulation.Reduce the impact of external environment on experimental result, improved the fiduciary level of monitoring result, simple to operate.
Background technology
Some soil body (as fissured clay, swelled ground, laterite etc.) is responsive especially to climate change, the cyclical variation of inside soil body moisture generation drying and watering cycle under the effect of rainfall and evaporation, in this process, inhomogeneous breathing meeting makes the soil body produce the unordered crack of breaking, generating moderate finite deformation ，Dui building foundation and slope stability destroys serious.Therefore, study the lower soil body swell-shrinking deformation rule of rainy hot climate impact and just seem especially important.
Because field condition test involves great expense and is subject to surrounding environment influence remarkable, the research for this field at present adopts shop experiment more.The native Swelling and contraction test that China's Standard for test methods of earthworks (GB/T 50123-1999) is mentioned is to use at present more test method, but in the method, by soil sample, be that to be placed in diameter be 61.8mm or 79.8mm, be highly in the cutting ring of 20mm, the model test of small scale obtains result and actual conditions have relatively large deviation like this, the method only can be measured the displacement of soil sample among a small circle in cutting ring simultaneously, to inhomogeneous swell-shrinking deformation, cannot measure.For this reason, the Chen Liang of Hohai University etc. has invented a kind of monitoring method (patent No.: CN200910026062.9) of growth of soil mass crack, although the method has solved and monitored soil body swell-shrinking deformation in large scale spatial dimension, but only can realize the monitoring to growth of soil mass crack, the distortion cannot Dui You crack causing is monitored.Raw grade in document (the life Tang Dynasty, Shi Bin, the Liu Chun ，Wang Bao army Tang Dynasty.Affect factor and the quantitative test of cohesive soil surface dry draw crack structure form.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2007,38 (10), 1186-1193) soil sample is mixed with to the rectangular parallelepiped glass jar that mud is put into 16cm * 16cm * 3cm, then put into the dehydration of baking oven freeze-day with constant temperature, adopt computing machine picture treatment technology to analyze the law of development of clay surface desciccation crack, and then inquired into the dry-shrinkage deformed rule that affected by it, but the method is only the research to soil body surface crack, cannot obtain the deformation rule of deep soil.
As fully visible, unsatisfactory about the Experimental Method in Laboratory of soil body swell-shrinking deformation monitoring at present, for this reason, the monitoring method of the swell-shrinking deformation of the soil body of a kind of brand-new large scale measurement range of necessary exploitation, the more important thing is, should there is disease actual condition with basis under drouth rainfall and rainy hot climate and match in the test method of design, and test unit should be able to be measured the inhomogeneous swell-shrinking deformation of deep soil, this can be the ground processing in south China area and design and Analysis of Slope Stability theoretical foundation and technical support is provided.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to be to provide a kind of monitoring method of simulating the lower deep soil swell-shrinking deformation of rainy hot climate impact, easy to implement the method, easy and simple to handle, reduced the impact of external environment on experimental result, improved the fiduciary level of monitoring result.
In order to realize above-mentioned object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A monitoring method of simulating the lower deep soil swell-shrinking deformation of rainy hot climate impact, the steps include:
1, sample preparation and dress sample
First, at model trench bottom, spread flour sand layer or the permeable stone of thick 0.1m; Soil sample is fetched by air-dry rear pulverizing, cross 2mm sieve, survey water percentage and density; After wind desiceted soil is good by the water percentage of natural soil sample and density proportioning, in layering paving mode placement model groove; After model groove fills up, check that whether soil body surface is smooth, then by model groove sealing and standing 24 hours; Burying sinker underground apart from soil sample surface 0m, 0.2m, 0.35m place, on sinker, set up dial gauge.
2, wetting-drying test
Distilled water is simulated to rainy environment in the mode of leaching to soil sample by watering pot, utilize reflection-type well heater to toast simulation hot environment to soil sample; After each heating, after the soil body occurs that obvious crackle and its water percentage are lower than 10%, think that primary drying process is complete; After each rainfall, after being greater than 100%, soil moisture content thinks that humidification is complete.
3, image data
Record each dial gauge reading in drying and watering cycle process.The water percentage (10% ~ 100%) and real time temperature (10 ℃ ~ 60 ℃) that utilize probe-type soil moisture instrument and the thermometer observation soil body, utilize thermometer to monitor indoor temperature (10 ℃ ~ 40 ℃).
4, deal with data
Implement to note down the numerical value of each dial gauge as the initial value of distortion before humidification or heating process, each dial gauge reading after this recording in process of the test deducts the deformation values that initial value is soil sample; Take specimen deformation value as ordinate, the degree of depth (being respectively 0m, 0.2m, 0.35m), water percentage (10% ~ 100%), humidification time (10 minutes ~ 60 minutes), heat time (1 day ~ 7 days), cycle index (1 time ~ 5 times) are drawn relation curve for horizontal ordinate, obtain thus the soil body swell-shrinking deformation situation under different depth, water percentage, humidification time, heat time, cycle index.
An experimental provision of simulating the lower monitoring deep soil of rainy hot climate impact swell-shrinking deformation, comprises model groove, water receiving stand, watering pot, reflection-type electric heater, the first dial gauge, the first sinker, it is characterized in that:
Link model groove on water receiving stand, model groove have a leaking hole, water receiving stand both sides are put respectively first and are set up platform, second and set up platform, first and set up platform top and set up watering pot, second sets up platform top sets up reflection-type electric heater.
On the first support, be welded with the first reinforcing rod, the second reinforcing rod, the 3rd reinforcing rod, the 4th reinforcing rod, the 5th reinforcing rod, the 6th reinforcing rod; The first mid-stent is provided with screw and screws in mouth.
The first support integral body is placed on model groove top, and fixes with clamping plate.
The first dial gauge is set up in the first reinforcing rod bottom, and the gauge rod of the first dial gauge is placed on the Upper gasket of the first sinker, and the first sinker is connected to form by pitman by Upper gasket and lower gasket; Pitman and lower gasket are imbedded in the soil body.
The positional structure relation of the second reinforcing rod and the second dial gauge and the second sinker is with the positional structure relation of the first reinforcing rod and the first dial gauge and the first sinker.
Equally, the structure of the 3rd reinforcing rod and the second dial gauge and the second sinker, the 4th reinforcing rod and the 4th dial gauge and the 4th sinker, the 5th reinforcing rod and the 5th dial gauge and the 5th sinker, the 6th reinforcing rod and the 6th dial gauge and the 6th sinker is all the same;
The structure of the second sinker, the 3rd sinker, the 4th sinker, the 5th sinker, the 6th sinker is all with the first sinker.
The one-piece construction of the second support and the 3rd support is all with the first support, and the first support, the second support, the 3rd support three screw in a mouthful connection by screw DRIVE SCREWS;
Described model groove is steel, and the diameter of bottom leaking hole is 0.2cm, and pitch of holes is 1cm;
Described water receiving stand is high 4cm, the steel vessel of diameter 1.2m.
Compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
1, this test method is a kind of large scale test, has reduced the size effect between shop experiment and actual condition, and data result reliability obviously improves.
2, utilize water sprinkler and well heater to implement rainfall and evaporation drying course, carry out the breathing test of the soil body, under test condition and drouth rainfall and rainy hot climate, the basic disease actual condition that occurs matches, and the method is simple to operate.
3, by burying sinker underground at zones of different different depth, set up dial gauge thereon and monitor soil deformation situation, can carry out continuously dynamic monitoring to the inhomogeneous swell-shrinking deformation of inside soil body, reduced the artificial and impact of external environment on experiment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the lower test unit one-piece construction schematic diagram of measuring deep soil swell-shrinking deformation of the rainy hot climate impact of a kind of simulation of large scale;
The front view of Tu2Wei bottom water receiving stand;
Fig. 3 is model trench bottom vertical view;
Fig. 4 is the structural map of sinker;
Fig. 5 support front view;
Fig. 6 support vertical view;
Fig. 7 clamping plate organigram;
Position, Fig. 8 monitoring point arrangenent diagram.
In figure: 1-model groove; 2a-the first support; 2b-the second support; 2c-the 3rd support; 3a-first sets up platform; 3b-second sets up platform; 4-water receiving stand; 5-watering pot; 6-reflection-type electric heater; 7a-the first dial gauge; 7b-the second dial gauge; 7c-the 3rd dial gauge; 7d-the 4th dial gauge; 7e-the 5th dial gauge; 7f-the 6th dial gauge; 8a-the first sinker; 8b-the second sinker; 8c-the 3rd sinker; 8d-the 4th sinker; 8e-the 5th sinker; 8f-the 6th sinker; 9-leaking hole; 10a-Upper gasket; 10b-lower gasket; 11-pitman; 12-screw; 13-screw screws in mouth; 14a-the first reinforcing rod; 14b-the second reinforcing rod; 14c-the 3rd reinforcing rod; 14d-the 4th reinforcing rod; 14e-the 5th reinforcing rod; 14f-the 6th reinforcing rod; 15-clamping plate.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
A monitoring method of simulating the lower deep soil swell-shrinking deformation of rainy hot climate impact, the steps include:
1, sample preparation and dress sample
Before dress sample, in model groove 1 bottom, spread the flour sand layer of thick 0.1m, or replace flour sand layer with permeable stone.Soil sample is fetched by air-dry rear pulverizing, cross 2mm sieve, record water percentage and density.After wind desiceted soil is good by the water percentage of natural soil sample and density proportioning, in layering paving mode placement model groove 1.After model groove 1 is filled, need check that whether soil body surface is smooth with air-bubble level, then, by model groove 1 sealing and standing 24 hours, make it to obtain preliminary Settlement Consolidation.At dress sample, need to install the sinker (accompanying drawing 4) for Deformation Monitoring, the position, monitoring point of burying underground is if accompanying drawing 5 is with as shown in accompanying drawing 6 simultaneously simultaneously, and pad 10a top connects dial gauge, and pad 10b is embedded in inside soil body.The pad 10b depth of burying on the first support 2a is according to soil sample surface 0m; The pad 10b depth of burying on the second support 2b is according to soil sample surface 0.2m; The pad 10b depth of burying on the 3rd support (2c) is according to soil sample surface 0.35m, and each support screws in mouthful 13 connections by screw 12 DRIVE SCREWSs, and is fixed on model groove 1 with clamping plate 15.Burying underground of sinker must level, otherwise the soil deformation value obtaining can produce certain error.
2, wetting-drying test
Watering pot 5 apart from model groove 1 top end surface 20cm, is simulated rainy environment in the mode of leaching to soil sample by watering pot 5 by distilled water with the height of reflection-type electric heater 6, utilizes 6 pairs of soil samples of reflection-type well heater to toast simulation hot environment.After each heating, after the soil body occurs that obvious crackle and its water percentage are lower than 10%, think that primary drying process is complete; After each rainfall, after being greater than 100%, soil moisture content thinks that humidification is complete.For example certain design proposal is: drying and watering cycle is 4 times, first heats rainfall again, and totally 4 times, be not less than 1 week each cycling time.
3, image data
Because humidification and dry run can cause generation and the development of soil mass crack, at humidification process Small Fracture, can expand in closed Er great crack, at dry run Small Fracture, can expand Er great crack can shrink, and therefore, drying and wetting can cause the soil body to produce moderate finite deformation.The present invention is by burying sinker (8a ~ 8f) underground at diverse location and different depth, then setting up dial gauge (78a ~ 8f) thereon to the monitoring of soil deformation, by recording dial gauge (78a ~ 8f) reading of drying and wetting and then the deformation values of the acquisition soil body.Simultaneously in order to study the impact on soil deformation of water percentage and temperature, the water percentage (10% ~ 100%) and real time temperature (10 ℃ ~ 60 ℃) that when recording dial gauge (78a ~ 8f) reading, need adopt probe-type soil moisture instrument and the thermometer observation soil body utilize thermometer to monitor indoor temperature (10 ℃ ~ 40 ℃) simultaneously.
4, deal with data
Implement to note down the numerical value of each dial gauge as the initial value of distortion before humidification or heating process, each dial gauge reading after this recording in process of the test deducts the deformation values that initial value is soil sample; Take specimen deformation value as ordinate, the degree of depth (being respectively 0m, 0.2m, 0.35m), water percentage (10% ~ 100%), humidification time (10 minutes ~ 60 minutes), heat time (1 day ~ 7 days), cycle index (1 time ~ 5 times) are drawn relation curve for horizontal ordinate, obtain thus the soil body swell-shrinking deformation situation under different depth, water percentage, humidification time, heat time, cycle index.
Embodiment 2:
An experimental provision of simulating the lower monitoring deep soil of rainy hot climate impact swell-shrinking deformation, comprises model groove 1, water receiving stand 4, watering pot 5, reflection-type electric heater 6, the first dial gauge 7a, the first sinker 8a, it is characterized in that:
On the first support 2a, be welded with the first reinforcing rod 14a, the second reinforcing rod 14b, the 3rd reinforcing rod 14c, the 4th reinforcing rod 14d, the 5th reinforcing rod 14e, the 6th reinforcing rod 14f; The first support 2a middle part is provided with screw and screws in mouth 13.
The first support 2a integral body is placed on model groove 1 top, and fixing with clamping plate 15.
The first dial gauge 7a is set up in the first reinforcing rod 14a bottom, and the gauge rod of the first dial gauge 7a is placed on the Upper gasket 10a of the first sinker 8a, and the first sinker 8a is connected to form by pitman 11 by Upper gasket 10a and lower gasket 10b; Pitman 11 and lower gasket 10b imbed in the soil body.
The positional structure relation of the second reinforcing rod 14b and the second dial gauge 7b and the second sinker 8a is with the positional structure relation of the first reinforcing rod 14a and the first dial gauge 7a and the first sinker 8a.
Equally, the structure of the 3rd reinforcing rod 14c and the second dial gauge 7c and the second sinker 8c, the 4th reinforcing rod 14d and the 4th dial gauge 7d and the 4th sinker 8d, the 5th reinforcing rod 14e and the 5th dial gauge 7e and the 5th sinker 8e, the 6th reinforcing rod 14f and the 6th dial gauge 7f and the 6th sinker 8f is all the same;
The structure of the second sinker 8b, the 3rd sinker 8c, the 4th sinker 8d, the 5th sinker 8e, the 6th sinker 8f is all with the first sinker 8a.
The one-piece construction of the second support 2b and the 3rd support 2c is all with the first support 2a, and the first support 2a, the second support 2b, the 3rd support 2c three screw in mouthful 13 connections by screw 12 DRIVE SCREWSs.
Described model groove 1 is steel, and the diameter of bottom leaking hole 9 is 0.2cm, and pitch of holes is 1cm.
Described water receiving stand 4 is high 4cm, the steel vessel of diameter 1.2m.
Claims (1)
1. a monitoring method for deep soil swell-shrinking deformation under burning hot and rainy climate effect, the steps include:
A, sample preparation and dress sample
First, soil sample is fetched by air-dry rear pulverizing, cross 2mm sieve, survey water percentage and density; At model trench bottom, spread flour sand layer or the permeable stone of thick 0.1m, then wind desiceted soil is good by the water percentage of natural soil sample and density proportioning after, in layering paving mode placement model groove; After model groove fills up, check that whether soil body surface is smooth, by model groove sealing and standing 24 hours; Burying sinker underground apart from soil sample surface 0m, 0.2m, 0.35m place, on sinker, set up dial gauge;
B, wetting-drying test
Distilled water is carried out to leaching by watering pot (5) to soil sample, and reflection-type well heater (6) toasts soil sample; After each heating, after the soil body occurs that obvious crackle and its water percentage are lower than 10%, primary drying process is complete; After each rainfall, to be greater than 100% rear humidification complete for soil moisture content;
C, image data
Record each dial gauge reading of drying and wetting; Record utilizes water percentage and the temperature of probe-type soil moisture instrument and the thermometer observation soil body, and record utilizes the indoor temperature of thermometer monitoring simultaneously;
D, deal with data
Implement to record the initial value that the numerical value of each dial gauge is distortion before humidification or heating process, each dial gauge reading recording in process of the test deducts the deformation values that initial value is soil sample; Take specimen deformation value as ordinate, and the degree of depth, water percentage, humidification or heat time, cycle index are that horizontal ordinate is drawn relation curve, obtain the soil body swell-shrinking deformation under different depth, water percentage, humidification or heat time, cycle index.
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| CN109682347B (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2024-03-29 | 国家电网有限公司 | Method for measuring expansion amount at different depths in water meeting process of expansive soil |
| CN111679062A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-09-18 | 中南大学 | Consolidation compression instrument for testing dry-wet cycle characteristics of expansive soil |
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