CN201266192Y - Stress, water stream, chemical coupling rock uniaxial compression creep instrument - Google Patents
Stress, water stream, chemical coupling rock uniaxial compression creep instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN201266192Y CN201266192Y CNU2008201913182U CN200820191318U CN201266192Y CN 201266192 Y CN201266192 Y CN 201266192Y CN U2008201913182 U CNU2008201913182 U CN U2008201913182U CN 200820191318 U CN200820191318 U CN 200820191318U CN 201266192 Y CN201266192 Y CN 201266192Y
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a device for testing and analyzing the creep deformation of the rock-soil mass under the action of stress, water flow or chemical coupling. The device comprises a hydraulic loading system, a bladder-type pressure supplementing system, a water flow circulation system and a deformation monitoring system. A testing system can test and research the rheological characteristic of the rock-soil mass under the multi-field coupling condition and integrate monitoring, controlling and data acquiring into a whole so as to display and monitor the creep deformation of the rock-soil mass under the action of stress, different water flows or chemical solution corrosion and coupling in time during the creep deformation test process and acquire, analyze and visually input and output test data in the whole process through the data acquisition program. The utility model has the characteristics of simple structure, flexible assembly, strong expandability, short test period and wide application range and has wide application value to the research of the mechanical characteristic and the seepage characteristic of the rock-soil mass under multi-field coupling action in the fields of geotechnical engineering, hydraulic engineering, petroleum engineering, mineral engineering, underground engineering, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the uniaxial compression creep test device of a kind of rock soil mass under the chemical solution effect of different stress levels, variety classes, different in flow rate, be mainly used in and solve in the Geotechnical Engineering field, deep the country rock long term stability problem that the rock soil mass deformation of creep that causes owing to stress and Groundwater Flow coupling causes, belong to Geotechnical Engineering field, deep.
Background technology
It is one of problem of forefront, international rock mechanics field that rock physico mechanical characteristic in stress, current, chemical coupling process changes research, is the basic research problem of numerous rock engineerings with the water pass such as nuke rubbish underground disposal, storages of the underground energy, underground carbon dioxide storage, geothermal exploitation, oil exploitation, the dam foundation, side slope, chamber.Be mainly reflected in, on the one hand, in many influence factors of rock engineering security, water is one of most active factor.After rock soil mass is subjected to the erosion action of water chemistry solution, because water-rock effect makes that some active mineral and chemical solution react in the rock mass, aqueous solution is taken away the corrosion material by the corrosion rock soil mass, make cavity increase in the rock mass, physico-mechanical properties reduces, even engineering accident appears, to the long-time stability generation threat of Geotechnical Engineering.On the other hand, compose the rock mass that is stored under the groundwater environment and can produce " creep " phenomenon for a long time under the stress field effect, the creep properties decision rock mass of rock mass is under stress, and distortion can increase in time gradually, finally causes rock mass creep to destroy.And the effect of water is undoubtedly " natural catalyst " of rock mass creep distortion, and mineral generation chemical reaction in some ion in the underground water and the rock causes the rock deliquescing, is easier to take place creep.Because creep itself has its uncertainty, add chemical action in wherein, theoretical research has been proposed very big challenge, the minority scholar has set up the mathematical model of considering creep of rock characteristic under the coupling at present, but the poor reliability of model, the experimental test data are not verified, mostly test is to analyze qualitatively, the test of the quantitative relevant important parameter of mensuration is less relatively, thereby has limited the development of rock rheological theory system.The shortage (particularly comprehensive, comprehensive test figure) of test figure has seriously restricted solid, liquid, gas interaction and many coupling models and the development of rock rheological theory and the accuracy that predicts the outcome in the rock soil mass medium at present.
Summary of the invention
At above-mentioned existing problems, the purpose of this utility model be to provide a kind of to rock soil mass under chemical solution that variety classes flows, the coupling that axially loads, vertical (directly) of sample carried out real-time monitored and monitoring to distortion, crack propagation, failure mode etc. test apparatus.
Its technical solution is: a kind of stress, current, chemical coupling rock uniaxial compression creepmeter, and it comprises reservoir, reaction frame, lifting jack, seal cover board, ball angle pressure head, capsule formula accumulator, reversal valve, tensimeter, oil pump, radially direction finder is taken into account in displacement.The reservoir activity is placed on the reaction frame, the reservoir both sides are equipped with water inlet and water delivering orifice respectively, the reservoir top is equipped with the seal cover board that is used to seal rock sample, the sphere of ball angle pressure head contacts with the sphere end of lifting jack is movable, ball angle pressure head outer wall is provided with pole, the planar ends overhead of lifting jack is at the inner roof wall of reaction frame, and lifting jack is connected on the outlet connection of stable-pressure device oil circuit by oil pipe.Stable-pressure device is made of capsule formula accumulator, tensimeter and pedestal, and tensimeter and capsule formula accumulator are fixedly mounted on the pedestal, are communicated with the pedestal oil circuit.Reversal valve is provided with plural oil circuit joint in parallel, and the inlet union of stable-pressure device oil circuit is connected by oil pipe with the oil circuit joint of reversal valve, and the other end of reversal valve is connected with oil pump.Radially direction finder is made of distortion circle, distortion sheet, extension spring, bolt, the distortion circle is opening-like, two ends at distortion circle opening part are respectively equipped with only platform, end interstation and be provided with extension spring, the bolt activity is passed one of them and is ended the platform spinning and end on the platform in another one, the distortion sheet is the L shape, and the distortion sheet is fixedly installed in the only end of platform.
Owing to adopted above technical scheme, stress of the present utility model, chemistry, current coupling rock uniaxial compression creepmeter have the following advantages:
1. can carry out under the water chemistry solution coupling of different stress levels, variety classes chemical solution, different in flow rate, the creep test of rock, and can be by the crack propagation and the failure mode of transparent organic glass reservoir observation rock.
2. advance (going out) water flow velocity by control, but real simulation is composed the variation that has rock mechanics characteristic and chemical effect in the groundwater environment.
3. a table oil pump can be controlled the above loading system of two covers by the how logical oil circuit joint of reversal valve, and the extensibility of instrument is stronger.
When equipment because the influence that external environment changes and build-up of pressure when unstable, capsule formula accumulator can play pressure stabilization function preferably to the timely supplementary pressure of total system.
5. utilize displacement meter and radially direction finder can carry out The real time measure to axial deformation and the radial deformation of rock in deformation process, the precision height, workable.
6, can carry out overall process collection, analysis and visual input and output to the distortion of rock by external digital vedio recording system.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is a structural representation of the present utility model
Accompanying drawing 2 is the structural representation of direction finder radially
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the utility model is explained in further detail:
Rock uniaxial compression creepmeter under a kind of stress, current, the chemical coupling effect, it comprises reservoir 5, reaction frame 1, lifting jack 2, seal cover board 4, ball angle pressure head 3, capsule formula accumulator 14, reversal valve 16, tensimeter 15, oil pump 18, displacement meter 10 reaches radially direction finder 9.Reaction frame 1, lifting jack 2, seal cover board 4, reservoir 5, ball angle pressure head 3 constitute the rock sample clamping device.Pedestal 17, tensimeter 15, capsule formula accumulator 14 constitute stable-pressure device, and capsule formula accumulator 14 and tensimeter 15 are fixed on the asphalt channel of pedestal 17, and oil pump 18 is a charger.Radially direction finder 9 is made of distortion circle 21, distortion sheet 20, extension spring 22, bolt 19.Reservoir 5 adopts the high-intensity organic glass of acid and alkali-resistance, reservoir 5 activities are placed on the reaction frame 1, reservoir 5 both sides are equipped with water inlet 7 and water delivering orifice 8 respectively, water inlet 7 links to each other with water pump 12 by flexible water conduit, flexible water conduit is provided with flow regulator 13, water delivering orifice 8 connects the flexible water drainage pipe, and the flexible water drainage pipe is provided with flow regulator 13.Reservoir 5 tops are equipped with the seal cover board 4 that is used to seal rock sample 6, the sphere end of ball angle pressure head 3 passes seal cover board 4 and contacts with the sphere end of lifting jack 2 is movable, the planar ends top of lifting jack 2 is placed on the inner roof wall of reaction frame 1, lifting jack 2 is connected on the outlet connection of stable-pressure device oil circuit by oil pipe, stable-pressure device is by capsule formula accumulator 14, tensimeter 15 and pedestal 17 constitute, and tensimeter 15 and capsule formula accumulator 14 are fixedly mounted on the pedestal 17, are communicated with pedestal 17 oil circuits.The plane of ball angle pressure head 3 is proper to be placed on the rock sample, and ball angle pressure head 3 outer walls are provided with pole 11, and pole 11 contacts with the contact of displacement meter 10, and displacement meter 10 adopts Magnetic gauge stands to fix.Oil pump 18 links to each other by the entrance point of oil pipe with reversal valve 16, reversal valve 16 is provided with plural oil circuit outlet connection in parallel, usually adopt two oil circuit outlets, each oil circuit outlet connection connects the inlet union of oil circuit on the stable-pressure device respectively by oil pipe, the outlet connection of oil circuit links to each other by the inlet union of the lifting jack 2 on oil pipe and the rock sample clamping device on the stable-pressure device.Radially the distortion circle 21 of direction finder 9 adopts the stainless steel of acid-alkali-corrosive-resisting, distortion circle 21 is opening-like, two ends at distortion circle 21 opening parts are respectively equipped with only platform, end interstation and be provided with extension spring 22, bolt 19 activities are passed one of them and are ended the platform spinning and end on the platform in another one, distortion sheet 20 is the L shape, and distortion sheet 20 is fixedly installed in the only end of platform.
The principle of work of the utility model stress, current, chemical coupling rock uniaxial compression creepmeter:
Direction finder radially is sleeved on the outer wall that is placed in the rock sample in the reservoir, on the distortion sheet on the direction finder radially, foil gauge is installed, and is linked to each other with strainmeter; The plane of ball angle pressure head rectified be placed on the rock sample section, the sphere end in contact of sphere end and lifting jack, the planar ends top of lifting jack is placed on the inwall of the frame of having an effect, lifting jack connects stable-pressure device, and stable-pressure device connects reversal valve, and reversal valve connects oil pump, adopt two reversal valves can connect two cover stable-pressure devices and two cover rock sample clamping devices simultaneously, can carry out two groups of tests simultaneously, as close one of them valve, can carry out single group test.Again displacement meter is fixed by Magnetic gauge stand, the contact of displacement meter is contacted fully with pole on being located at ball angle pressure head.During on-test, by oil pump rock sample is loaded, when reaching the test design payload values, stop to load, valve-off, this moment, system kept pressure constant state, when being subjected to influencing pressure and changing to some extent of environmental change as system, stable-pressure device ftercompction immediately makes total system all keep constant pressure at any time.Simultaneously by water pump with the water inlet suction reservoir of chemical solution on reservoir, reach certain water level after, the water delivering orifice from reservoir overflows, the flow regulator scalable of device on flexible water conduit advanced (going out) water flow velocity.By displacement meter and the radially reading variation of direction finder, can draw the deformation rule and the feature of rock rock under different pressures, different chemical solution, different water velocity coupling, so just can simulate tax exists the rock mass of occurring in nature under open groundwater environment, be subjected under deadweight, the external force effect such as stress initially the creep properties of rock.Simultaneously, can observe the crack propagation law and the failure mode of rock sample in the process of the test by transparent organic glass reservoir in good time, can monitor in real time the distortion and the crack propagation mode of rock in the loading procedure by external digital vedio recording system.
Claims (3)
1 one kinds of stress, current, chemical coupling rock uniaxial compression creepmeter, it is characterized in that: it comprises reservoir (5), reaction frame (1), lifting jack (2), seal cover board (4), ball angle pressure head (3), capsule formula accumulator (14), reversal valve (16), tensimeter (15), oil pump (18), displacement meter (10) reaches radially direction finder (9), reservoir (5) activity is placed on the reaction frame (1), reservoir (5) both sides are equipped with water inlet (7) and water delivering orifice (8) respectively, reservoir (5) top is provided with the seal cover board (4) that is used to seal rock sample (6), the sphere end of ball angle pressure head (3) contacts with the sphere end of lifting jack (2) is movable, ball angle pressure head (3) outer wall is provided with pole (11), the planar ends overhead of lifting jack (2) is at the inner roof wall of reaction frame (1), lifting jack (2) is connected on the outlet connection of stable-pressure device oil circuit by oil pipe, the inlet union of stable-pressure device oil circuit is connected by oil pipe with the oil circuit joint of reversal valve (16), the other end of reversal valve (16) is connected with oil pump (18) by oil pipe, radially direction finder (9) is by bolt (19), distortion sheet (20), distortion circle (21), extension spring (22) constitutes, and distortion circle (21) is opening-like, is respectively equipped with only platform at the two ends of distortion circle (21) opening part, end interstation and be provided with extension spring (22), bolt (19) activity is passed one of them and is ended the platform spinning and end on the platform in another one, and distortion sheet (20) is the L shape, and distortion sheet (20) is fixedly installed in the only end of platform.
2 a kind of according to claim 1 stress, current, chemical coupling rock uniaxial compression creepmeter, it is characterized in that: described stable-pressure device is by capsule formula accumulator (14), tensimeter (15) and pedestal (17) constitute, tensimeter (15) and capsule formula accumulator (14) are fixedly mounted on the pedestal (17), are communicated with pedestal (17) oil circuit.
3 a kind of according to claim 1 stress, current, chemical coupling rock uniaxial compression creepmeter is characterized in that: reversal valve (16) is provided with plural oil circuit joint in parallel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2008201913182U CN201266192Y (en) | 2008-10-08 | 2008-10-08 | Stress, water stream, chemical coupling rock uniaxial compression creep instrument |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNU2008201913182U CN201266192Y (en) | 2008-10-08 | 2008-10-08 | Stress, water stream, chemical coupling rock uniaxial compression creep instrument |
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| CN201266192Y true CN201266192Y (en) | 2009-07-01 |
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| CNU2008201913182U Expired - Fee Related CN201266192Y (en) | 2008-10-08 | 2008-10-08 | Stress, water stream, chemical coupling rock uniaxial compression creep instrument |
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Cited By (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101832896A (en) * | 2010-06-17 | 2010-09-15 | 山东大学 | Uniaxial compression creep experiment device and method for soft rock-soil material |
| CN101915725A (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2010-12-15 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Rock core clamping pressure vessel |
| CN102230869A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-11-02 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Tester of on-site rheology of rock mass and its testing method |
| CN102253182A (en) * | 2011-06-27 | 2011-11-23 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Method for monitoring expansion and shrinkage deformation of deep soil body under influence of hot and rainy climate |
| CN102331373A (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2012-01-25 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Mobile temperature control constant stress loading testing device |
| CN102494981A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2012-06-13 | 湖南科技大学 | Device for testing gas seepage and creepage coupling action of rocks |
| CN102621012A (en) * | 2012-03-31 | 2012-08-01 | 重庆大学 | Multifunctional true triaxial rock creepmeter |
| CN102944478A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-02-27 | 河海大学 | Temperature-humidity-stress-chemical coupling test platform for porous dielectric material |
| CN103344539A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-10-09 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Long-term multi-field coupling test device and method for seepage pressure and phase component proportion-controllable rock |
| CN103472191A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2013-12-25 | 三峡大学 | Airtight dynamic real-time liquid measuring instrument |
| CN103913557A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2014-07-09 | 山东科技大学 | Device for measuring the free swelling rate and the water content of rock and using method thereof |
| CN104297063A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-01-21 | 合肥工业大学 | Device and method for testing tensile strength of rock in environment with wetness and dryness change |
| CN104977213A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-10-14 | 三峡大学 | Portable in-situ erosion rate measuring instrument for rock |
| CN105651613A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-06-08 | 成都皓瀚完井岩电科技有限公司 | Device for measuring radial deformation of rock sample |
| CN105699196A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-06-22 | 河海大学 | Rock seepage-stress-temperature-chemical coupling rheological testing device and method |
| CN105716956A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-06-29 | 山东大学 | Creep test device and control system thereof |
| CN106546491A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-03-29 | 河海大学 | A kind of detachable rock mass lateral load couples ancillary test device with hydraulic pressure |
| CN106771072A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-31 | 大连理工大学 | Continue the Mineral rheology pilot system of water environment effect |
| CN106996735A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-08-01 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of colliery uniaxial stress-strain experimental method in situ |
| CN108458935A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-08-28 | 南京工业大学 | Compression creep test device and test method |
| CN108519317A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-09-11 | 钦州学院 | Rock stress-seepage coupling test device under uniaxial direct tensile load |
| CN109253927A (en) * | 2018-08-18 | 2019-01-22 | 中山大学 | A kind of permeable circulating pressure room of the all-pass of rock test |
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| CN110208123A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-09-06 | 浙江大学 | A kind of laboratory testing rig measuring soil sample seepage inflow erosion characteristic under pressure in situ |
| CN111189692A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-05-22 | 中原工学院 | Long-term strength test system for anchored rock mass based on stress seepage coupling effect |
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-
2008
- 2008-10-08 CN CNU2008201913182U patent/CN201266192Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (39)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101832896A (en) * | 2010-06-17 | 2010-09-15 | 山东大学 | Uniaxial compression creep experiment device and method for soft rock-soil material |
| CN101915725A (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2010-12-15 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Rock core clamping pressure vessel |
| CN101915725B (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2011-12-28 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Rock core clamping pressure vessel |
| CN102230869A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-11-02 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Tester of on-site rheology of rock mass and its testing method |
| CN102331373A (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2012-01-25 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Mobile temperature control constant stress loading testing device |
| CN102253182B (en) * | 2011-06-27 | 2014-01-15 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Method for monitoring expansion and shrinkage deformation of deep soil body under influence of hot and rainy climate |
| CN102253182A (en) * | 2011-06-27 | 2011-11-23 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Method for monitoring expansion and shrinkage deformation of deep soil body under influence of hot and rainy climate |
| CN102494981A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2012-06-13 | 湖南科技大学 | Device for testing gas seepage and creepage coupling action of rocks |
| CN102494981B (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2014-07-09 | 湖南科技大学 | Device for testing gas seepage and creepage coupling action of rocks |
| CN102621012A (en) * | 2012-03-31 | 2012-08-01 | 重庆大学 | Multifunctional true triaxial rock creepmeter |
| CN102621012B (en) * | 2012-03-31 | 2013-11-20 | 重庆大学 | Multifunctional true triaxial rock creepmeter |
| CN102944478A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-02-27 | 河海大学 | Temperature-humidity-stress-chemical coupling test platform for porous dielectric material |
| CN103344539A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-10-09 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Long-term multi-field coupling test device and method for seepage pressure and phase component proportion-controllable rock |
| CN103344539B (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2015-06-17 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Long-term multi-field coupling test device and method for seepage pressure and phase component proportion-controllable rock |
| CN103472191A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2013-12-25 | 三峡大学 | Airtight dynamic real-time liquid measuring instrument |
| CN103913557A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2014-07-09 | 山东科技大学 | Device for measuring the free swelling rate and the water content of rock and using method thereof |
| CN103913557B (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-07-29 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of rock free swelling rate and Water ratio determination apparatus and using method thereof |
| CN104297063A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-01-21 | 合肥工业大学 | Device and method for testing tensile strength of rock in environment with wetness and dryness change |
| CN104977213A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-10-14 | 三峡大学 | Portable in-situ erosion rate measuring instrument for rock |
| CN104977213B (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2018-03-16 | 三峡大学 | Portable rock original position erosion rate measuring instrument |
| CN105651613A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-06-08 | 成都皓瀚完井岩电科技有限公司 | Device for measuring radial deformation of rock sample |
| CN105699196B (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2018-09-25 | 河海大学 | Rock seepage-stress-temperature-chemical Coupling rheological measurement device and its method |
| CN105716956A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-06-29 | 山东大学 | Creep test device and control system thereof |
| CN105699196A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-06-22 | 河海大学 | Rock seepage-stress-temperature-chemical coupling rheological testing device and method |
| CN106546491A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-03-29 | 河海大学 | A kind of detachable rock mass lateral load couples ancillary test device with hydraulic pressure |
| CN106546491B (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2020-04-03 | 河海大学 | Detachable rock mass lateral load and water pressure coupling auxiliary test device |
| CN106771072A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-31 | 大连理工大学 | Continue the Mineral rheology pilot system of water environment effect |
| CN106996735A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-08-01 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of colliery uniaxial stress-strain experimental method in situ |
| CN108519317A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-09-11 | 钦州学院 | Rock stress-seepage coupling test device under uniaxial direct tensile load |
| CN108519317B (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2023-10-31 | 北部湾大学 | Rock stress-seepage coupling test device under direct tensile load |
| CN108458935A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-08-28 | 南京工业大学 | Compression creep test device and test method |
| CN108458935B (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2023-10-27 | 南京工业大学 | Compression creep test device and test method |
| CN109253927A (en) * | 2018-08-18 | 2019-01-22 | 中山大学 | A kind of permeable circulating pressure room of the all-pass of rock test |
| CN109580914B (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2021-11-02 | 三峡大学 | Rock argillization process simulation device and test method under dynamic water circulation and load conditions |
| CN109580914A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-04-05 | 三峡大学 | A kind of dynamic water circulation and rock argillization process simulation device and test method under loading condition |
| CN110208123A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-09-06 | 浙江大学 | A kind of laboratory testing rig measuring soil sample seepage inflow erosion characteristic under pressure in situ |
| CN111189692A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-05-22 | 中原工学院 | Long-term strength test system for anchored rock mass based on stress seepage coupling effect |
| CN113899687A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-01-07 | 清华大学 | Device for accelerating material corrosion and corrosion performance testing method |
| CN115420611A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-12-02 | 华北水利水电大学 | Concrete multi-environment creep test device based on rigid press machine and use method |
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