CN103913557B - A kind of rock free swelling rate and Water ratio determination apparatus and using method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of rock free swelling rate and Water ratio determination apparatus and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 title abstract 5
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种测定岩石水理性质的实验装置及其使用方法，尤其涉及一种实验室用岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率的测定装置及其使用方法。The invention relates to an experimental device for measuring the hydraulic properties of rocks and a method for using the same, in particular to a device for measuring the free expansion rate and water absorption rate of rocks used in a laboratory and a method for using the same.
背景技术Background technique
岩石的水理特性是指岩石在水溶液作用下所表现出来的性质，包括岩石的吸水性、水力传导性、软化性、抗冻性、膨胀性和可溶性，是影响岩石工程稳定性的重要因素。一般的工程岩体总是赋存在一定的水环境中，受水环境变化的影响，工程岩体的强度、变形和破坏等力学特性将发生变化，特别是软岩状况。因此，准确掌握工程岩体的水理特性对岩石工程具有重要意义，尤其自由膨胀率及吸水率是对亲水性软岩进行定性的重要指标。The hydraulic properties of rocks refer to the properties of rocks under the action of aqueous solution, including water absorption, hydraulic conductivity, softening, frost resistance, expansibility and solubility of rocks, which are important factors affecting the stability of rock engineering. General engineering rock mass always exists in a certain water environment. Affected by changes in the water environment, the mechanical properties of the engineering rock mass, such as strength, deformation and failure, will change, especially in soft rock conditions. Therefore, it is of great significance to accurately grasp the hydraulic properties of engineering rock mass, especially the free expansion rate and water absorption rate are important indicators for the qualitative of hydrophilic soft rock.
在工程岩体试验方法标准(GBT 50266-1999)中，岩石的自由膨胀率及吸水率试样仅适用于遇水不易崩解的岩石，而对于亲水性软岩的自由膨胀率无法测定。另外一种测定自由膨胀率的方法是，将敲碎的岩样称取一定量倒入量筒内，摇平，记录试样初始体积，然后注入足量的蒸馏水，静置于恒温箱中定时观测记录试样体积变化，自由膨胀率就是试样体积的增量除以初始体积，此方法虽能快速测出岩石的自由膨胀率，但破坏了岩石的原有结构，可能有较大误差。In the engineering rock test method standard (GBT 50266-1999), the free expansion rate and water absorption rate of rock samples are only suitable for rocks that are not easy to disintegrate when exposed to water, and the free expansion rate of hydrophilic soft rock cannot be determined. Another way to measure the free expansion rate is to weigh a certain amount of the crushed rock sample and pour it into a measuring cylinder, shake it flat, record the initial volume of the sample, then inject a sufficient amount of distilled water, and place it in a constant temperature box for regular observation. Record the volume change of the sample. The free expansion rate is the increment of the sample volume divided by the initial volume. Although this method can quickly measure the free expansion rate of the rock, it destroys the original structure of the rock and may have large errors.
中国专利申请CN102830060A公开了一种多功能岩石膨胀试验仪，虽然可以用于岩石膨胀率的精确测量，但由于其测量原理及结构方面的原因，不可避免地存在装置体型大、构造复杂、造价高、操作繁琐等不足。Chinese patent application CN102830060A discloses a multifunctional rock expansion tester, although it can be used for accurate measurement of rock expansion rate, but due to its measurement principle and structural reasons, it is inevitable that the device is large in size, complex in structure and high in cost , complex operation and other deficiencies.
另一方面，现有技术中的岩石膨胀试验仪，一般都存在使用功能单一的不足，不能满足同时进行岩石的膨胀率和吸水率测定的使用需求。On the other hand, the rock expansion tester in the prior art generally has the disadvantage of a single use function, and cannot meet the use requirements of simultaneously measuring the expansion rate and water absorption rate of rocks.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的之一是，提供一种结构简单、操作简便、制造成本低廉、适于实验室内测定岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率的测试装置；One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a test device with simple structure, easy operation, low manufacturing cost, and suitable for measuring rock free expansion rate and water absorption rate in the laboratory;
本发明为实现上述目的所采用的技术方案是，一种岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率测定装置，其特征在于，包括：盛水容器、溢流接水装置、排水装置、加水装置和试样盛放装置；其中，The technical solution adopted by the present invention to achieve the above object is a rock free expansion rate and water absorption measuring device, which is characterized in that it includes: a water holding container, an overflow water receiving device, a drainage device, a water adding device and a sample holding device. put device; among them,
所述盛水容器顶部为敞口；The top of the water container is open;
所述溢流接水装置与所述盛水容器通过管路密封连接；The overflow water receiving device is sealed and connected to the water container through a pipeline;
所述加水装置的位置高于所述盛水容器；The position of the water adding device is higher than the water container;
所述溢流接水装置位于所述盛水容器一侧，其位置低于所述盛水容器；所述盛水容器上部的侧壁上设置有溢流管口，所述溢流接水装置通过软管与所述溢流管口连接；The overflow water receiving device is located on one side of the water holding container, and its position is lower than the water holding container; an overflow nozzle is arranged on the side wall of the upper part of the water holding container, and the overflow water receiving device connected to the overflow nozzle through a hose;
所述试样盛放装置置于所述盛水容器内；The sample holding device is placed in the water container;
所述试样盛放装置从上到下依次为上隔水板、待测试样、透水石、下隔水底座；The sample holding device is, from top to bottom, the upper water barrier, the sample to be tested, the permeable stone, and the lower water barrier base;
所述上隔水板开设有通孔，并设置有与该通孔联通的第一管口；所述加水装置通过第一连接管与该第一管口密封性插接；The upper water baffle is provided with a through hole, and is provided with a first nozzle communicating with the through hole; the water adding device is sealingly plugged into the first nozzle through the first connecting pipe;
所述下隔水板开设有通孔，并设置有与该通孔联通的第二管口；所述排水装置通过第二连接管与该第二管口密封性插接；The lower baffle is provided with a through hole, and is provided with a second nozzle communicating with the through hole; the drainage device is sealingly inserted into the second nozzle through a second connecting pipe;
所述上隔水板、待测试样、透水石和下隔水底座由一个环形橡胶薄膜套紧密包裹，形成一个四周均不透水的整体结构。The upper water barrier, the sample to be tested, the permeable stone and the lower water barrier base are tightly wrapped by an annular rubber film sleeve to form a whole structure that is impervious to water all around.
作为优选，上述盛水容器还设置有密封盖，使用时由密封盖盖住，所述密封盖上开设有透气孔。Preferably, the above-mentioned water container is also provided with a sealing cover, which is covered by the sealing cover when in use, and the sealing cover is provided with a vent hole.
进一步优选，上述上隔水板和下隔水底座的侧面均分别开设有用于固定所述环形橡胶薄膜套的环形凹槽。Further preferably, annular grooves for fixing the annular rubber film sleeves are provided on the side surfaces of the upper water barrier and the lower water barrier base respectively.
进一步优选，上述加水装置安装有出水口阀门；所述排水装置与所述试样盛放装置之间安装有阀门。Further preferably, the water adding device is equipped with a water outlet valve; a valve is installed between the drainage device and the sample holding device.
进一步优选，上述上隔水板、待测试样、透水石和下隔水底座均为圆盘形状。Further preferably, the above-mentioned upper water barrier, the sample to be tested, the permeable stone and the lower water barrier base are all disc-shaped.
进一步优选，上述加水装置、溢流接水装置和排水装置均由透明材质制作成可直接读取内部水量刻度的量筒式结构。Further preferably, the above-mentioned water adding device, overflow water receiving device and draining device are all made of transparent material into a measuring cylinder structure that can directly read the internal water volume scale.
上述技术方案直接带来的技术效果是，整个实验装置具有结构简单、体积小、制造成本低廉、操作简便等特点。The technical effect directly brought by the above technical solution is that the whole experimental device has the characteristics of simple structure, small volume, low manufacturing cost and easy operation.
而且，上述技术方案中，待测试样的上、下两面分别采用有通孔的隔水板和透水石，外部加水可充分逐步向待测岩石试样渗透，或者说是，多余的水从待测岩石试样中向外流出。这些技术手段的采用，可以有效控制向待测岩石试样内部渗透的水的渗透速度、渗透的均匀性，保证待测岩石试样吸水与膨胀的充分性，进而保证实验结果的真实性。Moreover, in the above-mentioned technical scheme, the upper and lower sides of the sample to be tested adopt respectively a water barrier and a permeable stone with through holes, and the external water can be fully and gradually infiltrated into the rock sample to be tested, or in other words, the excess water can flow from the Flow out from the rock sample to be tested. The adoption of these technical means can effectively control the penetration rate and uniformity of the water infiltrated into the rock sample to be tested, and ensure the sufficiency of water absorption and expansion of the rock sample to be tested, thereby ensuring the authenticity of the experimental results.
上述技术方案中，采用橡胶薄膜套与隔水板及隔水底座结合组成整体隔水结构的试样盛放装置，其中，在实验开始之初，即试样加水膨胀之前，橡胶薄膜套在盛水容器的液位下，可以被充分挤压，与隔水板、待测试样、透水石等刚性材质贴合在一起，为实验开始之初准确测量试样盛放装置的初始体积提供保证；而且，在试样加水开始膨胀之后，橡胶薄膜套又能保证整个试样盛放装置可以随试样膨胀而膨胀，可以较真实地充分反映出待测岩石试样吸水之后的体积变化。这就是说，上述技术方案中，试样盛放装置的具体材质和结构是实现本发明目的的关键性技术手段，其结构简单、选材方便、制作成本低廉、操作简便等特点，上述实验装置的结构特点直接导致了其系统误差小，实验结果的真实性好、准确性高。In the above technical solution, the rubber film sleeve is combined with the water barrier and the water barrier base to form a sample holding device with an integral water barrier structure, wherein, at the beginning of the experiment, that is, before the sample expands with water, the rubber film Under the liquid level of the water container, it can be fully squeezed and bonded with rigid materials such as baffles, samples to be tested, and permeable stones, providing a guarantee for accurate measurement of the initial volume of the sample holding device at the beginning of the experiment and, after the sample is added with water and begins to expand, the rubber film cover can ensure that the entire sample holding device can expand with the sample expansion, which can more truly and fully reflect the volume change of the rock sample to be measured after absorbing water. That is to say, in the above-mentioned technical scheme, the specific material and structure of the sample holding device are the key technical means to realize the purpose of the present invention. It has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient material selection, low manufacturing cost, and easy operation. The structural characteristics directly lead to the small system error, good authenticity and high accuracy of the experimental results.
进一步地，上述技术方案中，各连接管均采用橡胶软管，根据使用需要进行简单的插接而成，一方面，其防水密封性好、操作简便，另一方面，这种橡胶材质的软管不会造成待测岩石试样体积变化过程中需要避免的刚性材质可能带来的各种束缚，从而进一步保证了整个实验装置结构上的合理性与实用性。Further, in the above technical solution, each connecting pipe is made of rubber hose, which is simply inserted and connected according to the needs of use. On the one hand, it has good waterproof and sealing performance and is easy to operate. On the other hand, this soft rubber hose The tube will not cause various constraints that may be caused by rigid materials that need to be avoided during the volume change of the rock sample to be tested, thereby further ensuring the rationality and practicability of the entire experimental device structure.
本发明采用结构简单、合理、简易的测定岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率的测试装置，在不破坏岩石原有结构的情况下测出岩石在三维空间内自由膨胀率的同时，还能够测出岩石含水率，从而确定二者的相互关系。其系统误差小、操作灵活简便，相对于现有技术的结构复杂、造价昂贵、操作难度较大的各类实验装置，不难看出，其均具有突出的实质性特点和显著的进步。The present invention adopts a simple, reasonable and simple test device for measuring the free expansion rate and water absorption rate of rocks, and can measure the free expansion rate of rocks in three-dimensional space without destroying the original structure of rocks. Moisture content, so as to determine the relationship between the two. Its system error is small, and its operation is flexible and convenient. Compared with various experimental devices in the prior art, which are complex in structure, expensive in cost and difficult in operation, it is not difficult to see that they all have outstanding substantive features and significant progress.
本发明目的之二是，提供一种上述岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率测定装置的使用方法。The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for using the above-mentioned rock free expansion rate and water absorption measuring device.
本发明为实现上述目的所采用的技术方案是，一种如权利要求1所述的岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率测定装置的使用方法，依次包括如下步骤：The technical solution adopted by the present invention for achieving the above object is, a method for using the rock free expansion rate and water absorption measuring device as claimed in claim 1, comprising the following steps in turn:
第一步，往盛水容器内加水淹没试样盛放装置直至到达溢流口，形成溢流时即停止加水；In the first step, add water to the water container to submerge the sample holding device until it reaches the overflow port, and stop adding water when overflow is formed;
第二步，记录加水装置的初始水量V1，开启加水装置下方阀门，向试样盛放装置内缓慢加水，加入的水通过上隔水板的通孔经待测试样表层向内渗透；The second step is to record the initial water volume V 1 of the water adding device, open the valve below the water adding device, and slowly add water to the sample holding device, and the added water penetrates inward through the through hole of the upper baffle plate and through the surface of the sample to be tested;
待测试样完全浸润后，多余的水将继续向下方渗透并逐步浸润透水石，直至透水石被完全浸润后，多余的水流入排水装置内；After the test sample is completely infiltrated, the excess water will continue to penetrate downwards and gradually infiltrate the permeable stone until the permeable stone is completely infiltrated, and the excess water will flow into the drainage device;
第三步，在上述第二步骤中，每隔一定时间读取该时刻加水装置的水量V2、排水装置内的水量V3；The third step, in the second step above, read the water volume V 2 of the water adding device and the water volume V 3 in the drainage device at a certain time interval;
当观察到渗水石下表面出现潮湿现象时，打开排水装置上方的阀门，将经过透水石的水排放至排水装置内，并每隔一定时间读取该时刻溢流接水装置内的水量V4。When moisture is observed on the lower surface of the permeable stone, open the valve above the drainage device, discharge the water passing through the permeable stone into the drainage device, and read the water volume V 4 in the overflow water receiving device at regular intervals .
第四步，待溢流口不再溢流时，关闭加水装置下方阀门停止向试样盛放装置内加水；此时，读取溢流接水装置内的水量V4；The fourth step, when the overflow port no longer overflows, close the valve below the water adding device to stop adding water to the sample holding device; at this time, read the water volume V 4 in the overflow water receiving device;
待不再有水流入排水装置内时，关闭排水装置下方的阀门，结束实验，读取并计算出实验终了状态下的加水装置的总出水量为V1－V2－V3和排水装置内的水量V3；When there is no more water flowing into the drainage device, close the valve below the drainage device, end the experiment, read and calculate the total water output of the water adding device at the end of the experiment as V 1 -V 2 -V 3 and in the drainage device The amount of water V 3 ;
第五步，按公式计算出每隔一定时间各时刻，以及实验终了时刻的岩石自由膨胀率；The fifth step, according to the formula Calculate the free expansion rate of the rock at each moment at regular intervals and at the end of the experiment;
按公式计算出每隔一定时间各时刻的待测试样的含水率；by formula Calculate the water content of the sample to be tested at each moment at regular intervals;
式中：In the formula:
V0：为待测岩石试样的初始体积；V 0 : is the initial volume of the rock sample to be tested;
m0：待测试样的初始质量；m 0 : the initial mass of the sample to be tested;
ρw：水的密度；ρ w : density of water;
V1：加水装置的初始水量；V 1 : the initial water volume of the water adding device;
V2：每隔一段时间的各时刻，加水装置内的水量；V 2 : the amount of water in the water adding device at each moment at regular intervals;
V3：每隔一段时间的各时刻，排水装置内的水量。V 3 : the amount of water in the drainage device at each moment in a certain period of time.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率测定装置结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of rock free expansion rate and water absorption measuring device of the present invention;
图2为本发明的岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率测定装置变形之一的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of one of the deformations of the rock free expansion rate and water absorption measuring device of the present invention;
图3为本发明的岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率测定装置变形之二的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is the structure schematic diagram of the second deformation of the rock free expansion rate and water absorption measuring device of the present invention;
图4为根据本发明的岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率测定装置进行岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率测定的实验结果绘制出的反映岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率变化规律的曲线图。Fig. 4 is a graph reflecting the law of rock free expansion and water absorption according to the experimental results of rock free expansion and water absorption measured by the rock free expansion and water absorption measuring device of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率测定装置及其使用方法进行详细说明。The device for measuring free expansion rate and water absorption rate of rock and its application method of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
如图1所示，本发明的岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率测定装置，包括：顶部为敞口的盛水容器13、溢流接水装置14、排水装置12、加水装置11和试样盛放装置3；其中，As shown in Figure 1, the rock free expansion rate and the water absorption measuring device of the present invention include: a water container 13 with an open top, an overflow water receiving device 14, a drainage device 12, a water adding device 11 and a sample holding device. device 3; wherein,
所述溢流接水装置14与所述盛水容器13通过管路密封连接；The overflow water receiving device 14 is connected to the water container 13 by a pipeline seal;
所述加水装置11的位置高于所述盛水容器13；The position of the water adding device 11 is higher than the water container 13;
所述溢流接水装置位于所述盛水容器13一侧，其位置低于所述盛水容器13；所述盛水容器13上部的侧壁上设置有溢流管口8，所述溢流接水装置通过软管与所述溢流管口8连接；The overflow water receiving device is located on one side of the water container 13, and its position is lower than the water container 13; an overflow nozzle 8 is arranged on the side wall of the top of the water container 13, and the overflow The water receiving device is connected with the overflow nozzle 8 through a hose;
所述试样盛放装置3置于所述盛水容器13内；The sample holding device 3 is placed in the water container 13;
所述试样盛放装置从上到下依次为上隔水板5、待测试样4、透水石2、下隔水底座1；The sample holding device is, from top to bottom, the upper water barrier 5, the sample to be tested 4, the permeable stone 2, and the lower water barrier base 1;
所述上隔水板5开设有通孔，并设置有与该通孔联通的第一管口；所述加水装置11通过第一连接管与该第一管口密封性插接；The upper baffle 5 is provided with a through hole, and is provided with a first nozzle communicating with the through hole; the water adding device 11 is sealingly inserted into the first nozzle through the first connecting pipe;
所述下隔水底座1内部为空心状，且开设有通孔，并设置有与该通孔联通的第二管口；所述排水装置12通过第二连接管与该第二管口密封性插接；The interior of the lower water-proof base 1 is hollow, and a through hole is opened, and a second nozzle communicating with the through hole is provided; the drainage device 12 is sealed with the second nozzle through the second connecting pipe. plugging;
所述上隔水板5、待测试样4、透水石2和下隔水底座1由一个环形橡胶薄膜套紧密包裹，形成一个四周均不透水的整体结构。The upper water barrier 5 , the sample to be tested 4 , the permeable stone 2 and the lower water barrier base 1 are tightly wrapped by an annular rubber film sleeve to form an integral structure that is impermeable all around.
上述盛水容器还设置有密封盖10，使用时由密封盖10盖住，所述密封盖上开设有透气孔7。这样，针对岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率实验过程时间较长的特点(一般为一周到二周时间)，可有效减少盛水容器内水量蒸发所指的实验误差。The above-mentioned water container is also provided with a sealing cover 10, which is covered by the sealing cover 10 when in use, and a vent hole 7 is opened on the sealing cover. Like this, aiming at the characteristic that the experiment process of rock free expansion rate and water absorption rate is longer (generally one to two weeks), the experimental error indicated by the evaporation of water in the water container can be effectively reduced.
上述上隔水板5和下隔水底座1的侧面均分别开设有用于固定所述环形橡胶薄膜套的环形凹槽。这样，便于将橡胶薄膜套牢固地固定住，从而确保整个试样盛放装置3与其外围的水体充分隔绝，形成一个可靠地隔水、防水空间，防止盛水容器13内的水渗透进入待测试样4。The sides of the above-mentioned upper water barrier 5 and the lower water barrier base 1 are respectively provided with annular grooves for fixing the annular rubber film sleeve. In this way, it is convenient to firmly fix the rubber film cover, thereby ensuring that the entire sample holding device 3 is fully isolated from the surrounding water body, forming a reliable water-proof and waterproof space, preventing the water in the water container 13 from penetrating into the sample to be tested. Sample 4.
上述加水装置安装有出水口阀门9；所述排水装置12与所述试样盛放装置之间安装有阀门19。这主要是为了操作方便进行的常规设计。The water adding device is equipped with a water outlet valve 9; a valve 19 is installed between the drainage device 12 and the sample holding device. This is mainly a conventional design for ease of operation.
上述上隔水板5、待测试样4、透水石3和下隔水底座1均为圆盘形状。这可以保证实验前后提及测量的真实性和准确性，以及安装过程的方便。The above-mentioned upper water barrier 5, the sample to be tested 4, the permeable stone 3 and the lower water barrier base 1 are all in the shape of discs. This can guarantee the authenticity and accuracy of the measurements mentioned before and after the experiment, as well as the convenience of the installation process.
上述加水装置11、排水装置12及溢流接水装置14均由透明材质制作成可直接读取内部水量刻度的量筒式结构。采用上述结构，使得实验所需的各基础数据均可直接读取，进一步简化了整个实验装置的操作难度。The above-mentioned water adding device 11 , drainage device 12 and overflow water receiving device 14 are all made of transparent material into a measuring cylinder structure that can directly read the internal water volume scale. With the above-mentioned structure, all the basic data required for the experiment can be read directly, further simplifying the operation difficulty of the whole experimental device.
为更好地理解本发明，下面结合实施例，对本发明的岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率测定装置的使用方法进行详细说明。In order to better understand the present invention, the method of using the rock free expansion rate and water absorption measuring device of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples.
本发明的测定岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率的装置的使用方法，依次包括如下步骤：The method for using the device for measuring rock free expansion rate and water absorption rate of the present invention comprises the following steps successively:
第一步，往盛水容器13内加水淹没试样盛放装置3直至到达溢流口8，形成溢流时即停止加水；In the first step, add water to the water container 13 to submerge the sample holding device 3 until it reaches the overflow port 8, and stop adding water when overflow is formed;
第二步，记录加水装置11的初始水量V1，开启加水装置下方阀门9，向试样盛放装置内缓慢加水，加入的水通过上隔水板5的通孔经待测试样表层向内渗透；The second step is to record the initial water volume V 1 of the water adding device 11, open the valve 9 below the water adding device, and slowly add water to the sample holding device, and the added water passes through the through hole of the upper water baffle 5 to the surface layer of the sample to be tested. Infiltration;
待测试样完全浸润后，多余的水将继续向下方渗透并逐步浸润透水石2，直至透水石2被完全浸润后，多余的水流入排水装置12内；After the test sample is completely infiltrated, the excess water will continue to penetrate downwards and gradually infiltrate the permeable stone 2 until the permeable stone 2 is completely infiltrated, and the excess water flows into the drainage device 12;
第三步，在上述第二步骤中，每隔一定时间读取该时刻加水装置内的水量V2、排水装置内的水量V3；The third step, in the second step above, read the water volume V 2 in the water adding device and the water volume V 3 in the drainage device at that moment at regular intervals;
当观察到渗水石下表面出现潮湿现象时，打开排水装置上方的阀门9，将经过透水石的水排放至排水装置12内，并每隔一定时间读取该时刻溢流接水装置14内的水量V4。When it is observed that the lower surface of the permeable stone is wet, open the valve 9 above the drainage device, discharge the water passing through the permeable stone into the drainage device 12, and read the overflow water in the overflow water receiving device 14 at regular intervals. Water volume V 4 .
第四步，待溢流口8不再溢流时，关闭加水装置11下方阀门9停止向试样盛放装置内加水；此时，读取溢流接水装置14内的水量V4；In the fourth step, when the overflow port 8 no longer overflows, close the valve 9 below the water adding device 11 and stop adding water to the sample holding device; at this time, read the water volume V 4 in the overflow water receiving device 14;
待不再有水流入排水装置12内时，关闭排水装置12上方的阀门19，结束实验，读取并计算出实验终了状态下的加水装置的总出水量和排水装置内的水量V3；When no more water flows into the drainage device 12, close the valve 19 above the drainage device 12, end the experiment, read and calculate the total water output of the water adding device under the end state of the experiment and the water volume V in the drainage device;
第五步，按公式计算出每隔一定时间各时刻，以及实验终了时刻的岩石自由膨胀率；The fifth step, according to the formula Calculate the free expansion rate of the rock at each moment at regular intervals and at the end of the experiment;
按公式计算出每隔一定时间各时刻的待测试样的含水率；by formula Calculate the water content of the sample to be tested at each moment at regular intervals;
式中：In the formula:
V0：为待测岩石试样的初始体积；V 0 : is the initial volume of the rock sample to be tested;
m0：待测试样的初始质量；m 0 : the initial mass of the sample to be tested;
ρw：水的密度；ρ w : density of water;
V1：加水装置的初始水量；V 1 : the initial water volume of the water adding device;
V2：每隔一段时间的各时刻，加水装置内的水量；V 2 : the amount of water in the water adding device at each moment at regular intervals;
V3：每隔一段时间的各时刻，排水装置内的水量。V 3 : the amount of water in the drainage device at each moment in a certain period of time.
图4为根据本发明的岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率测定装置进行岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率测定的实验结果绘制出的反映岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率变化规律的曲线图。Fig. 4 is a graph reflecting the law of rock free expansion and water absorption according to the experimental results of rock free expansion and water absorption measured by the rock free expansion and water absorption measuring device of the present invention.
如图4所示，测试自由膨胀率及含水率的时候，随着时间的变化，明显分为分别对应的三个阶段：含水率曲线表明岩样吸水分为为快速吸水阶段、缓慢吸水阶段及饱和吸水阶段，与含水率曲线相对应的自由膨胀率曲线为快速膨胀阶段、缓慢膨胀阶段及膨胀饱和阶段，岩石吸水明显分为三个阶段，与实际情况相符，均真实地反映出了岩石的自由膨胀率及吸水率变化的规律。As shown in Figure 4, when testing the free expansion rate and water content, it is obviously divided into three corresponding stages with the change of time: the water content curve shows that the water absorption of rock samples is divided into rapid water absorption stage, slow water absorption stage and In the saturated water absorption stage, the free expansion rate curve corresponding to the water content curve is the rapid expansion stage, the slow expansion stage and the expansion and saturation stage. The law of free expansion rate and water absorption rate change.
需要说明的是，基于本发明的技术思想，结合现有技术，上述岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率实验装置还可以作出诸多的变形，均将落入在本发明的保护范围内。例如：It should be noted that, based on the technical idea of the present invention, combined with the existing technology, the above-mentioned rock free expansion rate and water absorption test device can also make many deformations, all of which will fall within the protection scope of the present invention. For example:
如图2所示的岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率测定装置，就是通过将溢流接水装置14简化变形成一个量筒，并将其直接置于盛水容器内(相应地，取消了溢流口)的结构形式。As shown in Figure 2, the free expansion rate of rock and the water absorption measuring device are exactly transformed into a measuring cylinder by simplifying the overflow water receiving device 14, and placing it directly in the water container (correspondingly, the overflow port is eliminated. ) structure.
如图3所示的岩石自由膨胀率及吸水率测定装置，就是将加水装置11直接安装在盛水容器的盖板上的另一种结构上的变形方式。As shown in Figure 3, the rock free expansion rate and water absorption measuring device is exactly another structural deformation mode in which the water adding device 11 is directly installed on the cover plate of the water container.
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