CN103913557B - A kind of rock free swelling rate and Water ratio determination apparatus and using method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of rock free swelling rate and Water ratio determination apparatus and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103913557B CN103913557B CN201410098912.7A CN201410098912A CN103913557B CN 103913557 B CN103913557 B CN 103913557B CN 201410098912 A CN201410098912 A CN 201410098912A CN 103913557 B CN103913557 B CN 103913557B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of rock free swelling rate and water-intake rate determinator and using method thereof, it uses for reference Archimedes principle, utilize the change of rock in water on imbibition volume, caused its arranges the ultimate principle of water yield volume change, by adopting, rock sample to be measured is adopted the technological means such as rubber film sealed envelope, enormously simplify the structure of rock free swelling rate and water-intake rate determinator, it is simple that it has structure, selection is convenient, cost of manufacture is cheap, the feature such as easy and simple to handle, and the systematic error of whole experimental provision is little, experimental result is true, reliably, accurately.The determinator of rock free swelling rate of the present invention and water-intake rate is specially adapted to laboratory and uses, and especially can carry out the free swelling rate of soft rock and the mensuration of water-intake rate simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of experimental provision and the using method thereof that measure rock hydrophysical property, particularly relate to determinator and the using method thereof of a kind of use for laboratory rock free swelling rate and water-intake rate.
Background technology
The water reason characteristic of rock refers to and the character that rock shows under aqueous solution effect comprises the water absorptivity of rock, hydraulic conductivity, the property of softening, frost resistance, swelling property and solubility, is the key factor affecting rock engineering stability.General engineering rock mass is always composed to be existed in certain water environment, and by the impact of hydro-environmental change, the mechanical characteristic such as intensity, deformation and failure of engineering rock mass will change, particularly soft rock situation.Therefore, the water reason characteristic accurately grasping engineering rock mass is significant to rock engineering, and especially free swelling rate and water-intake rate carry out important indicator qualitatively to water wettability soft rock.
In Standard for test methods of engineering rock masses (GBT 50266-1999), the free swelling rate of rock and water-intake rate sample are only applicable to the rock of meeting water not easy disintegrating, and cannot measure for the free swelling rate of water wettability soft rock.Another method measuring free swelling rate is, the rock sample broken into pieces is taken and a certain amount ofly pours in graduated cylinder, shake flat, record sample initial volume, then injects enough distilled water, is statically placed in time sight record volume of sample change in constant temperature oven, free swelling rate is exactly that the increment of volume of sample is divided by initial volume, though the method can measure the free swelling rate of rock fast, destroy the original structure of rock, comparatively big error may be had.
Chinese patent application CN102830060A discloses a kind of Multifunctional rock expansion tester, although may be used for the accurate measurement of rock expansion rate, but due to its measuring principle and configuration aspects, inevitably there is the deficiencies such as device build is large, complex structure, cost are high, complex operation.
On the other hand, generally all there is the single deficiency of using function in rock expansion tester of the prior art, can not meet the user demand of expansivity and the water-intake rate mensuration of simultaneously carrying out rock.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is, provides the proving installation that a kind of structure is simple, easy and simple to handle, cheap for manufacturing cost, be suitable for testing indoor measurement rock free swelling rate and water-intake rate;
The technical scheme that the present invention is adopted for achieving the above object is, a kind of rock free swelling rate and water-intake rate determinator, is characterized in that, comprising: water container, overflow water container, drainage arrangement, priming apparatus and sample apparatus for placing; Wherein,
Described water container top is uncovered;
Described overflow water container is connected by line seal with described water container;
The position of described priming apparatus is higher than described water container;
Described overflow water container is positioned at described water container side, and its position is lower than described water container; The sidewall on described water container top is provided with the overflow mouth of pipe, and described overflow water container is connected with the described overflow mouth of pipe by flexible pipe;
Described sample apparatus for placing is placed in described water container;
Described sample apparatus for placing is followed successively by water-stop sheet, sample to be tested, permeable stone, lower water proof base from top to bottom;
Described upper water-stop sheet offers through hole, and is provided with first mouth of pipe with this through hole UNICOM; Described priming apparatus is by the first connecting pipe and this first ferrule grafting;
Described lower water-stop sheet offers through hole, and is provided with second mouth of pipe with this through hole UNICOM; Described drainage arrangement is by the second connecting pipe and this second ferrule grafting;
Described upper water-stop sheet, sample to be tested, permeable stone and lower water proof base are closely wrapped up by a ring-shaped rubber thin-film covering, form an all fluid-tight one-piece construction of surrounding.
As preferably, above-mentioned water container is also provided with gland bonnet, is covered during use by gland bonnet, and described gland bonnet offers bleeder vent.
Further preferably, the side of above-mentioned upper water-stop sheet and lower water proof base offers the annular groove for fixing described ring-shaped rubber thin-film covering respectively.
Further preferably, above-mentioned priming apparatus is provided with outlet valve; Between described drainage arrangement and described sample apparatus for placing, valve is installed.
Further preferably, above-mentioned upper water-stop sheet, sample to be tested, permeable stone and lower water proof base are disc-shape.
Further preferably, above-mentioned priming apparatus, overflow water container and drainage arrangement are made into the cylinder type structure that directly can read inner water yield scale by transparent material.
The technique effect that technique scheme is directly brought is, whole experimental provision has the features such as structure is simple, volume is little, cheap for manufacturing cost, easy and simple to handle.
And in technique scheme, the upper and lower faces of sample to be tested adopts water-stop sheet and the permeable stone of through hole, outside to add water can fully progressively to permeate to rock sample to be measured respectively, or perhaps unnecessary water outwards flows out from rock sample to be measured.The employing of these technological means, effectively can control the seepage velocity of water, the homogeneity of infiltration to rock sample internal penetration to be measured, ensures rock sample to be measured water suction and the adequacy expanded, and then ensures the authenticity of experimental result.
In technique scheme, rubber film cover is adopted to be combined with water-stop sheet and water proof base the sample apparatus for placing forming overall water-stop structure, wherein, at the beginning of experiment starts, namely, before sample adds water and expands, under rubber film is enclosed within the liquid level of water container, can be adequately compressed, fit together with the rigid such as water-stop sheet, sample to be tested, permeable stone, for experiment start at the beginning of the initial volume of Measurement accuracy sample apparatus for placing give security; And, sample add water start expand after, rubber film cover can ensure again whole sample apparatus for placing can with sample expand and expand, can more fully reflect rock sample to be measured water suction after volume change.In other words, in technique scheme, the concrete material of sample apparatus for placing and structure are the guardian technique means realizing the object of the invention, the features such as its structure is simple, selection convenient, cost of manufacture is cheap, easy and simple to handle, it is little that the design feature of above-mentioned experimental provision directly results in its systematic error, and the authenticity of experimental result is good, accuracy is high.
Further, in technique scheme, each connecting pipe all adopts rubber hose, carry out simple grafting according to use needs to form, on the one hand, its waterproof seal is good, easy and simple to handle, on the other hand, the flexible pipe of this quality of rubber materials can not cause the various constraints needing the rigid avoided to bring in rock sample volume change process to be measured, thus further ensures the structural rationality of whole experimental provision and practicality.
The present invention adopts the proving installation of simple and reasonable for structure, easy mensuration rock free swelling rate and water-intake rate, rock is measured in three dimensions while free swelling rate when not destroying rock original structure, rock water percentage can also be measured, thus determine the mutual relationship of the two.Its systematic error is little, flexible operation is easy, relative to prior art complex structure, involve great expense, all kinds of experimental provisions that operation easier is larger, be not difficult to find out, it all has outstanding substantive distinguishing features and significant progressive.
Two of the object of the invention is, provides the using method of a kind of above-mentioned rock free swelling rate and water-intake rate determinator.
The technical scheme that the present invention is adopted for achieving the above object is, the using method of a kind of rock free swelling rate as claimed in claim 1 and water-intake rate determinator, in turn includes the following steps:
The first step, adds water and floods sample apparatus for placing until arrive overflow vent, stop adding water when forming overflow in water container;
Second step, the initial water yield V of record priming apparatus
1, open priming apparatus lower valve, slowly add water in sample apparatus for placing, the water added by the through hole of upper water-stop sheet through sample to be tested top layer endosmosis;
After sample to be tested complete wetting, continuation is permeated downwards and is progressively infiltrated permeable stone by unnecessary water, until after permeable stone is fully wet out, unnecessary water flows in drainage arrangement;
3rd step, in above-mentioned second step, reads the water yield V of this moment priming apparatus at regular intervals
2, water yield V in drainage arrangement
3;
When observing weeping rock lower surface the occurrence of wetness phenomenon, open the valve above drainage arrangement, the water through permeable stone is disposed in drainage arrangement, and read the water yield V in this moment overflow water container at regular intervals
4.
4th step, until overflow vent no longer overflow time, close priming apparatus lower valve and stop adding water in sample apparatus for placing; Now, the water yield V in overflow water container is read
4;
In time no longer including water and flow in drainage arrangement, close the valve below drainage arrangement, terminate experiment, to read and the total aquifer yield calculating the priming apparatus of testing under end of a period state is V
1-V
2-V
3with the water yield V in drainage arrangement
3;
5th step, by formula
calculate each moment at regular intervals, and the rock free swelling rate in experiment end of a period moment;
By formula
calculate the water percentage of the sample to be tested in each moment at regular intervals;
In formula:
V
0: be the initial volume of rock sample to be measured;
M
0: the initial mass of sample to be tested;
ρ
w: the density of water;
V
1: the initial water yield of priming apparatus;
V
2: each moment at set intervals, the water yield in priming apparatus;
V
3: each moment at set intervals, the water yield in drainage arrangement.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is rock free swelling rate of the present invention and water-intake rate assay device structures schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of one of rock free swelling rate of the present invention and the distortion of water-intake rate determinator;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of two of rock free swelling rate of the present invention and the distortion of water-intake rate determinator;
Fig. 4 is the curve map carrying out reflection rock free swelling rate that experimental result that rock free swelling rate and water-intake rate measure draws out and water-intake rate Changing Pattern according to rock free swelling rate of the present invention and water-intake rate determinator.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, rock free swelling rate of the present invention and water-intake rate determinator and using method thereof are described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, rock free swelling rate of the present invention and water-intake rate determinator, comprising: top is uncovered water container 13, overflow water container 14, drainage arrangement 12, priming apparatus 11 and sample apparatus for placing 3; Wherein,
Described overflow water container 14 is connected by line seal with described water container 13;
The position of described priming apparatus 11 is higher than described water container 13;
Described overflow water container is positioned at described water container 13 side, and its position is lower than described water container 13; The sidewall on described water container 13 top is provided with the overflow mouth of pipe 8, and described overflow water container is connected with the described overflow mouth of pipe 8 by flexible pipe;
Described sample apparatus for placing 3 is placed in described water container 13;
Described sample apparatus for placing is followed successively by water-stop sheet 5, sample to be tested 4, permeable stone 2, lower water proof base 1 from top to bottom;
Described upper water-stop sheet 5 offers through hole, and is provided with first mouth of pipe with this through hole UNICOM; Described priming apparatus 11 is by the first connecting pipe and this first ferrule grafting;
Described lower water proof base 1 inside is hollow shape, and offers through hole, and is provided with second mouth of pipe with this through hole UNICOM; Described drainage arrangement 12 is by the second connecting pipe and this second ferrule grafting;
Described upper water-stop sheet 5, sample to be tested 4, permeable stone 2 and lower water proof base 1 are closely wrapped up by a ring-shaped rubber thin-film covering, form an all fluid-tight one-piece construction of surrounding.
Above-mentioned water container is also provided with gland bonnet 10, is covered during use by gland bonnet 10, described gland bonnet offers bleeder vent 7.Like this, for rock free swelling rate and water-intake rate experimentation time longer feature (being generally a week to two time-of-weeks), the experimental error of water yield evaporation indication in water container effectively can be reduced.
The side of above-mentioned upper water-stop sheet 5 and lower water proof base 1 offers the annular groove for fixing described ring-shaped rubber thin-film covering respectively.Like this, be convenient to rubber film cover to fix securely, thus guarantee that whole sample apparatus for placing 3 is fully isolated with the water body of its periphery, form reliably water proof, a volume protected from water, prevent the water permeation in water container 13 from entering sample to be tested 4.
Above-mentioned priming apparatus is provided with outlet valve 9; Between described drainage arrangement 12 and described sample apparatus for placing, valve 19 is installed.This is mainly in order to easy to operate conventional design of carrying out.
Above-mentioned upper water-stop sheet 5, sample to be tested 4, permeable stone 3 and lower water proof base 1 are disc-shape.This can ensure to test authenticity and the accuracy that measurement is mentioned in front and back, and the convenience of installation process.
Above-mentioned priming apparatus 11, drainage arrangement 12 and overflow water container 14 are made into the cylinder type structure that directly can read inner water yield scale by transparent material.Adopt said structure, each basic data needed for testing all directly can be read, further simplify the operation easier of whole experimental provision.
For understanding the present invention better, below in conjunction with embodiment, the using method of rock free swelling rate of the present invention and water-intake rate determinator is described in detail.
The using method of the device of mensuration rock free swelling rate of the present invention and water-intake rate, in turn includes the following steps:
The first step, adds water and floods sample apparatus for placing 3 until arrive overflow vent 8, stop adding water when forming overflow in water container 13;
Second step, the initial water yield V of record priming apparatus 11
1, open priming apparatus lower valve 9, slowly add water in sample apparatus for placing, the water added by the through hole of upper water-stop sheet 5 through sample to be tested top layer endosmosis;
After sample to be tested complete wetting, unnecessary water will continue infiltration downwards and progressively infiltrate permeable stone 2, until after permeable stone 2 is fully wet out, unnecessary water flows in drainage arrangement 12;
3rd step, in above-mentioned second step, reads the water yield V in this moment priming apparatus at regular intervals
2, water yield V in drainage arrangement
3;
When observing weeping rock lower surface the occurrence of wetness phenomenon, open the valve 9 above drainage arrangement, the water through permeable stone is disposed in drainage arrangement 12, and read the water yield V in this moment overflow water container 14 at regular intervals
4.
4th step, until overflow vent 8 no longer overflow time, close priming apparatus 11 lower valve 9 and stop adding water in sample apparatus for placing; Now, the water yield V in overflow water container 14 is read
4;
In time no longer including water and flow in drainage arrangement 12, close the valve 19 above drainage arrangement 12, terminate experiment, read and calculate the water yield V in total aquifer yield of the priming apparatus of testing under end of a period state and drainage arrangement
3;
5th step, by formula
calculate each moment at regular intervals, and the rock free swelling rate in experiment end of a period moment;
By formula
calculate the water percentage of the sample to be tested in each moment at regular intervals;
In formula:
V
0: be the initial volume of rock sample to be measured;
M
0: the initial mass of sample to be tested;
ρ
w: the density of water;
V
1: the initial water yield of priming apparatus;
V
2: each moment at set intervals, the water yield in priming apparatus;
V
3: each moment at set intervals, the water yield in drainage arrangement.
Fig. 4 is the curve map carrying out reflection rock free swelling rate that experimental result that rock free swelling rate and water-intake rate measure draws out and water-intake rate Changing Pattern according to rock free swelling rate of the present invention and water-intake rate determinator.
As shown in Figure 4, when test free swelling rate and water percentage, along with the change of time, obviously be divided into three phases corresponding respectively: plot of water cut shows that rock sample water suction is divided into for the stage that absorbs water fast, slowly water suction stage and saturated water suction stage, the free expansion rate curve corresponding with plot of water cut is rapid expanding stage, slowly expansion stage and expansion saturation stage, rock water suction is obviously divided into three phases, conform to actual conditions, reflected the free swelling rate of rock and the rule of water-intake rate change all truly.
It should be noted that, based on technological thought of the present invention, in conjunction with prior art, above-mentioned rock free swelling rate and water-intake rate experimental provision can also make many distortion, all will fall within protection scope of the present invention.Such as:
Rock free swelling rate as shown in Figure 2 and water-intake rate determinator, be deformed into a graduated cylinder by being simplified by overflow water container 14 exactly, and it be directly placed in the version (correspondingly, eliminating overflow vent) in water container.
Rock free swelling rate as shown in Figure 3 and water-intake rate determinator, the structural mode of texturing of another kind exactly priming apparatus 11 is directly installed on the cover plate of water container.
Claims (5)
1. the using method of a rock free swelling rate and water-intake rate determinator, it is characterized in that, described rock free swelling rate and water-intake rate determinator comprise: top is uncovered water container, overflow water container, drainage arrangement, priming apparatus and sample apparatus for placing; Wherein,
Described overflow water container is connected by line seal with described water container;
The position of described priming apparatus is higher than described water container;
Described overflow water container is positioned at described water container side, and its position is lower than described water container; The sidewall on described water container top is provided with the overflow mouth of pipe, and described overflow water container is connected with the described overflow mouth of pipe by flexible pipe;
Described sample apparatus for placing is placed in described water container;
Described sample apparatus for placing is followed successively by water-stop sheet, sample to be tested, permeable stone, lower water proof base from top to bottom;
Described upper water-stop sheet offers through hole, and is provided with first mouth of pipe with this through hole UNICOM; Described priming apparatus is by the first connecting pipe and this first ferrule grafting;
Described lower water proof chassis interior is hollow and offers through hole, and is provided with second mouth of pipe with this through hole UNICOM; Described drainage arrangement is by the second connecting pipe and this second ferrule grafting;
Described upper water-stop sheet, sample to be tested, permeable stone and lower water proof base are closely wrapped up by a ring-shaped rubber thin-film covering, form an all fluid-tight one-piece construction of surrounding;
Described priming apparatus is provided with outlet valve; Between described drainage arrangement and described sample apparatus for placing, valve is installed;
The using method of above-mentioned rock free swelling rate and water-intake rate determinator, in turn includes the following steps:
The first step, adds water and floods sample apparatus for placing until arrive overflow vent, stop adding water when forming overflow in water container;
Second step, the initial water yield V of record priming apparatus
1, open priming apparatus lower valve, slowly add water in sample apparatus for placing, the water added by the through hole of upper water-stop sheet through sample to be tested top layer endosmosis;
After sample to be tested complete wetting, continuation is permeated downwards and is progressively infiltrated permeable stone by unnecessary water, until after permeable stone is fully wet out, unnecessary water flows in drainage arrangement;
3rd step, in above-mentioned second step, reads the water yield V in this moment priming apparatus at regular intervals
2, water yield V in drainage arrangement
3;
When observing weeping rock lower surface the occurrence of wetness phenomenon, open the valve above drainage arrangement, the water through permeable stone is disposed in drainage arrangement, and read the water yield V in this moment overflow water container at regular intervals
4;
4th step, until overflow vent no longer overflow time, close priming apparatus lower valve and stop adding water in sample apparatus for placing; Now, the water yield V in overflow water container is read
4;
In time no longer including water and flow in drainage arrangement, close the valve below priming apparatus, terminate experiment, read and calculate total aquifer yield of the priming apparatus of testing under end of a period state, i.e. V
1-V
2-V
3with the water yield V in drainage arrangement
3;
5th step, by formula
calculate each moment at regular intervals, and the rock free swelling rate in experiment end of a period moment;
By formula
calculate the water percentage of the sample to be tested in each moment at regular intervals;
In formula:
V
0: be the initial volume of rock sample to be measured;
M
0: the initial mass of sample to be tested;
ρ
w: the density of water;
V
1: the initial water yield of priming apparatus;
V
2: each moment at set intervals, the water yield in priming apparatus;
V
3: each moment at set intervals, the water yield in drainage arrangement.
2. the using method of rock free swelling rate according to claim 1 and water-intake rate determinator, is characterized in that, described water container is also provided with gland bonnet, is covered during use by gland bonnet, and described gland bonnet offers bleeder vent.
3. the using method of rock free swelling rate according to claim 1 and water-intake rate determinator, is characterized in that, the side of described upper water-stop sheet and lower water proof base offers the annular groove for fixing described ring-shaped rubber thin-film covering respectively.
4. the using method of rock free swelling rate according to claim 1 and water-intake rate determinator, is characterized in that, described upper water-stop sheet, sample to be tested, permeable stone and lower water proof base are disc-shape.
5. the using method of rock free swelling rate according to claim 1 and water-intake rate determinator, it is characterized in that, described priming apparatus, overflow water container and drainage arrangement are made into the cylinder type structure that directly can read inner water yield scale by transparent material.
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| CN201410098912.7A CN103913557B (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2014-03-18 | A kind of rock free swelling rate and Water ratio determination apparatus and using method thereof |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103913557A (en) | 2014-07-09 |
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