The multifunctional rock expansion-pressure testing apparatus
Technical field
The invention belongs to construction work rock expansion test apparatus, particularly relate to a kind of multifunctional rock expansion-pressure testing apparatus that is used for the rock free swelling rate, sidewise restraint rock expansion rate is arranged and have the sidewise restraint bulging force to test.
Background technology
Rock expansion test is the correlation test whether rock to various building lots, side slope, cavern and underground works has swelling property and make an experiment and differentiate to each item swelling property index.
Free swell test is meant that the rock sample of a certain regulation physical dimension reaches the saturated stable back of immersion at the incremental deformation of level and vertical direction and the ratio of original value before immersion.
There is the sidewise restraint swelling rate test to be meant that a certain regulation shape rock sample wraps up fastening in side direction with hardware to it; And guarantee under any state, not produce lateral deformation; Then it is inserted in the immersion container; The metal porous disc is positioned over the base plate of immersion container under the warp of rock sample bottom surface; The rock sample end face through last metal porous disc with can move and the pressue device with fixed mass corresponding with the rock sample area is connected with the sample vertical deformation, in the stable back of rock sample set pressure vertical deformation to its immersion, a kind of test of its vertical deformation of monitoring in saturated stabilization process.
There is the sidewise restraint expansion-pressure test to be meant that the rock sample to the regulation shape applies infinitely great lateral restriction, promptly must not be fastened on and carry out the vertical direction fixing back immersion test that the vertical force that produces detects of expanding under the condition that lateral deformation occurs with the die trial of sufficient intensity.
The relevant regulations of above-mentioned concrete experimental evidence railway rock test rules (TB10115-98) and water conservancy rock test rules (SL264-2001) have sidewise restraint swelling rate test appearance and rock to have three kinds of instruments of sidewise restraint bulging force test instrument to carry out respectively by rock free swell test appearance, rock respectively.
The basic structure of rock free swell test appearance comprises the saturated water tank of organic glass, be positioned at the upper and lower metal porous disc of saturated water tank pilot scale part top and bottom, be engaged in metal porous disc surface metal plate the vertical survey clock gauge, be fixed in saturated water tank and be engaged in vertical each the horizontal survey clock gauge that divides the middle part site surface of test specimen all around and closely connected in 4 positions of sample circumference symmetry and the down sheet metal at metal porous disc center.
The test specimen top that rock has the basic structure of sidewise restraint swelling rate test appearance to comprise to comprise the metal collar in dial indicators rack and clock gauge, saturated water tank, the saturated water tank and the upper and lower metal porous disc of bottom and be engaged in metal porous disc surface applies the 5Kpa constant pressure to test specimen cylindrical metal pouring weight; Clock gauge gauge head and cylindrical metal pouring weight surface are closely connected; Do vertical change until saturated with sample immersion expansion, vertical deformation is stablized constant.
Rock has the basic structure of sidewise restraint bulging force test instrument to comprise portal frame, places the vertical loading leading screw at portal frame entablature center and the polishing head of loading handwheel, the pressure transducer that is connected in the loading leading screw and lower end thereof thereof, the saturated water tank that places the portal frame base plate, saturated water tank comprise the metal collar that sample is housed and the upper and lower metal porous disc of sample top and bottom, be engaged in the polishing head on metal porous disc surface.Pressure transducer is with in the middle of vertical loading leading screw is fixed in the portal frame entablature, must not occur under the deformation condition in vertical, the horizontal direction of sample, to producing the device that vertical expansion power makes an experiment through the saturated sample of immersion.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to disclose and a kind ofly can substitute aforementioned three kinds of dedicated experiments appearance and satisfy the rock free swelling rate, sidewise restraint rock expansion rate and the multifunctional rock expansion-pressure testing apparatus that sidewise restraint bulging force test specification is arranged are arranged.
The present invention takes following technical scheme for realizing above-mentioned purpose: this multifunctional rock expansion-pressure testing apparatus comprises portal frame; Place the vertical loading leading screw of portal frame entablature center screw and the loading handwheel at top thereof; The pressure rod of force cell and bottom thereof; Be connected in the polishing head of pressure rod bottom; Being used for rock has sidewise restraint rock expansion rate and rock that the metal collar of sidewise restraint bulging force test is arranged; The upper and lower metal porous disc of rock sample top and bottom in the saturated water tank; Closely connected when being used for the rock free swell test in the sheet metal at 4 positions of sample circumference symmetry and last metal porous disc center; Characteristic is; Vertical loading leading screw is provided with the set nut that rock has the test of sidewise restraint bulging force that is used for that engages with the portal frame entablature, is provided with the cover that is rotatably connected of hanging that transmits pressure between said vertical loading leading screw and the force cell, said hang to be rotatably connected overlap by being fixed in hanging post and rotation and be limited in this swivel nut of hanging post and constituting of force cell top center; Said swivel nut is threaded with the bottom of vertical loading leading screw; Said portal frame two heel posts are respectively equipped with up and down and the adjustable dial indicators rack of horizontal level, and each bracket end is fixed with vertical clock gauge, and said two vertical clock gauges its gauge head when being used for rock the test of sidewise restraint bulging force is arranged contacts with symmetrical 2 of the annular measuring flume of the polishing head top surface that is connected the pressure rod lower end respectively; Said two vertical clock gauges its gauge head when being used for rock the sidewise restraint swelling rate test is arranged directly acts on sample respectively with breaking away from pressure rod 2 of polishing head top surface annular measuring flume symmetry contact; In the two vertical clock gauges one when being used for the rock free swell test on its gauge head and the saturated water tank rock sample top metal porous disc end face central metal sheet contact, said saturated water tank places portal frame base plate center, center, saturated water tank four sides is arranged with the guiding mount pad of the horizontal clock gauge of insertion; Circle is provided with ' O ' shape O-ring seal in the said guiding mount pad, and said guiding mount pad is provided with and is used for the sealing obstruction that rock has sidewise restraint expansivity and rock to have the sidewise restraint bulging force to test.
The present invention can also take following technical measures:
Said horizontal clock gauge and vertical clock gauge are being respectively equipped with the auxiliary measuring staff in the centre between clock gauge measuring staff top and gauge head that is used for the rock free swell test between its gauge head and the measuring staff.
The end face that is provided with the rock sample that makes various height and the metal collar between said down metal porous disc and the saturated water tank bottom surface is on same plane or make the height equally divided position of each sample in the rock free swell test and the corresponding permeable sample cushion block of gauge head of each horizontal clock gauge.
Said sealing is stopped up and is provided with the corresponding circular orientation groove in ' O ' shape O-ring seal position that is provided with the interior circle of the mount pad that leads.
Beneficial effect of the present invention and advantage are: the present invention can realize vertical, the dial indicators rack structure of horizontal direction adjustment, vertical loading leading screw on the gantry pillar and connect hanging between the force cell be rotatably connected the detachable structure of nested structure, polishing head and pressure rod and saturated water tank on four sides the resilient seal of the horizontal clock gauge of insertion the guiding mount pad and have the sealing obstruction of ' O ' shape O-ring seal circular orientation groove; The present invention is become a kind ofly can be used for the rock free swelling rate, sidewise restraint rock expansion rate is arranged and the multifunctional rock expansion-pressure testing apparatus of sidewise restraint bulging force test is arranged, realized that an instrument can accomplish three kinds of tests that the rules regulation need use three kinds of different instruments to accomplish.The present invention has multifunctional integrated, various simple and quick, save equipment investment and take up room, carry out comparability, test accuracy and the stable outstanding feature that the different tests content has improved test result with same instrument.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is this multifunctional rock expansion-pressure testing apparatus partial cutaway schematic when sidewise restraint bulging force trystate is arranged.
Accompanying drawing 2 is vertical loading leading screws and connect the nested structure diagrammatic cross-section that is rotatably connected of hanging between the force cell.
Accompanying drawing 3 is guiding mount pad and sealing blockage structure synoptic diagram thereof.
Accompanying drawing 4 is this multifunctional rock expansion-pressure testing apparatus synoptic diagram when sidewise restraint swelling rate test state is arranged.
Accompanying drawing 5 is this multifunctional rock expansion-pressure testing apparatus partial cutaway schematic when carrying out the free swell test state.
Mark among the figure: 1 portal frame, 2 loading handwheels, 3 vertical loading leading screws, 4 set nuts, 5 hang the cover that is rotatably connected, and 5-1 hangs post; The 5-2 swivel nut, 6 force cells, 7 pressure rods, 8 vertical clock gauges, auxiliary measuring staff between the 8-1 vertical centering control, 9 vertical dial indicators racks; 10 polishing heads, 10-1 annular measuring flume, metal porous disc on 11,12 saturated water tanks, 12-1 crosses tank, 13 guiding mount pads; The 13-1 locknut, 13-2 ' O ' shape O-ring seal, outer ' O ' shape O-ring seal of 13-3,14-1 annular groove, 15 times metal porous discs are stopped up in 14 sealings; The 16 metal collars, 17 permeable sample cushion blocks, 18 rock samples, 19 horizontal clock gauges, auxiliary measuring staff in the middle of the 19-1 level, 20 sheet metals.
Embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing thereof.
As shown in Figure 1; The basic structure of this multifunctional rock expansion-pressure testing apparatus comprises the pressure rod 7 of loading handwheel 2, force cell 6 and the bottom thereof at the portal frame 1 in the prior art, the vertical loading leading screw 3 that places portal frame entablature center screw and top thereof; Be connected in the polishing head 10 of pressure rod 7 bottoms; Saturated water tank 12; Tank 12-1, the last metal porous disc 11 that places rock sample top and bottom and the following metal porous disc 15 excessively of saturated water tank 12 basal surfaces comprise that also being used for rock has sidewise restraint rock expansion rate and rock that the metal collar 16 of sidewise restraint bulging force test is arranged.
Multifunctional rock expansion-pressure testing apparatus shown in Figure 1 is the state when rock sample is had the test of sidewise restraint bulging force; Rotation loading handwheel 2 is through vertical loading leading screw 3, hang the cover 5 that is rotatably connected, force cell 6, pressure rod 7, polishing head 10, go up metal porous disc 11 and can impose the set pressure that meets railway rock test rules regulation to the rock sample in the metal collar 16.
Vertical loading leading screw 3 shown in Figure 1 is provided with the set nut 4 that engages with the portal frame entablature; In sidewise restraint bulging force when test, arranged for avoiding set pressure to change carrying out rock, vertical loading leading screw 3 and portal frame entablature are locked through set nut 4.
Be provided with between vertical loading leading screw 3 shown in Figure 1 and the force cell 6 and hang the cover 5 that is rotatably connected, this is hung the nested structure that is rotatably connected and sees Fig. 2.
As shown in Figure 2, hanging be rotatably connected the cover 5 by be arranged at force cell 6 top center hang post 5-1 and rotational engagement constitutes in this swivel nut 5-2 that hangs post, swivel nut 5-2 is threaded with the bottom of vertical loading leading screw 3.When through loading handwheel, vertical loading leading screw adjustment pressure, vertical loading leading screw rotates and hangs post and do not rotate thereupon.
1 liang of heel post of portal frame shown in Figure 1 is respectively equipped with the vertical dial indicators rack 9 adjustable with horizontal level up and down; The gauge head that each bracket end is supported with vertical clock gauge 8, two vertical clock gauges contacts with 2 of the polishing head that is connected pressure rod 7 10 top surfaces annular measuring flume 10-1 symmetry respectively.
Saturated water tank 12 shown in Figure 1 places portal frame 1 base plate center, and the center, four sides of saturated water tank 12 is arranged with guiding mount pad 13, and the guiding mount pad is provided with the sealing that makes it to seal and stops up 14.
As shown in Figure 3; Guiding mount pad 13 by its locknut 13-1 and outer ' O ' shape O-ring seal 13-3 tightening thereof in saturated water tank; The interior circle of the mount pad that leads is provided with two ' O ' shape O-ring seal 13-2, and sealing is stopped up 14 and is provided with and interior round two the corresponding circular orientation groove 14-1 in ' O ' shape O-ring seal position of the mount pad that leads.
As shown in Figure 1, the rock sample in the metal collar 16 places in saturated water tank 12 on following metal porous disc 15 and the permeable sample cushion block 17.
Multifunctional rock expansion-pressure testing apparatus shown in Figure 1 in the process that rock sample is had sidewise restraint bulging force test is: the rock sample that rules are required and the metal collar thereof, metal porous disc, sample cushion block are placed into saturated water tank bottom centre; Make the parallel closely connected back rotation loading handwheel of each parts; Through vertical loading leading screw, force cell, pressure rod, polishing head and last metal porous disc sample is applied behind the constant precompression of 10Kpa with set nut vertical loading leading screw and the locking of portal frame entablature, make sample vertical with horizontal direction all to fix.Saturated water tank start time and vertical clock gauge 8 and vertical force initial reading inserted in record; After treating that its maintenance is stable; Begin to square saturated water tank 12 water fillings, water level is answered the permeable groove of metal porous disc in the submergence 11 and polishing head 10 bottom surfaces, and keeps water-temperature water-level constant.Write down pressure at right angle and perpendicular displacement respectively by rules time requirement and change, until reaching the stipulated time, and keep each item survey measurements stablize constant till.After the test two vertical clock gauges 8 are removed from polishing head 10, unclamped set nut 4, after reverse rotation handwheel 2 makes polishing head 10 break away from the metal collar 16 certain distances, the metal porous disc 11 and the metal collar 16 in the taking-up.From the metal collar 16, take out rock sample, the cleaning and the wiped clean metal collar are subsequent use, and so far rock sample has a survey time of sidewise restraint bulging force test to finish.
On the basis of Fig. 1, do adjustment as shown in Figure 4 and be that available multifunctional rock expansion-pressure testing apparatus carry out rock sample that the sidewise restraint swelling rate test arranged.
As shown in Figure 4, unclamp set nut 4, make pressure rod 7 break away from polishing head 10 through handwheel 2 and vertical loading leading screw 3, polishing head 10 places the rock sample top of the metal collar 16 through last metal porous disc 11.The quality of polishing head 10 should meet the rules requirement, with form 5Kpa constant precompression.Saturated water tank 12 places portal frame 1 base plate center, and the sealing-plug stifled 14 that makes it to seal is installed in the guiding mount pad 13 at center, saturated water tank four sides.Vertical clock gauge 8 contacts its gauge head respectively through vertical dial indicators rack 9 with 2 of polishing head 10 top surfaces annular measuring flume symmetry.Rock sample in the metal collar 16 is at saturated water tank 12 centers and place down on the metal porous disc 15 and permeable sample cushion block 17, and makes above-mentioned each parts be parallel to each other closely connected.
Multifunctional rock expansion-pressure testing apparatus shown in Figure 4 is having the process of sidewise restraint swelling rate test to be to rock sample: after accomplishing aforesaid operations and treating that its maintenance is stable; After record time on-test and vertical clock gauge 8 initial readings; Begin to saturated water tank 12 water fillings; Water level is answered the permeable groove of metal porous disc in the submergence 11 and polishing head 10 bottom surfaces, and keeps water-temperature water-level constant.Write down perpendicular displacement respectively by rules time requirement and change, until reaching the stipulated time, and keep each item survey measurements stablize constant till.After the test two vertical clock gauges 8 are removed from polishing head 10 tops; From saturated water tank 12, take out the metal collar 16 and go up metal porous disc 11; From the metal collar 16, take out rock sample; The cleaning and the wiped clean metal collar are subsequent use, and so far rock sample has a survey time of sidewise restraint swelling rate test to finish.
On the basis of Fig. 4, doing adjustment as shown in Figure 5 is the free swell test that available multifunctional rock expansion-pressure testing apparatus carries out rock sample.
As shown in Figure 5; Pressure rod 7 is unloaded from force cell 6; Place on following metal porous disc 15 and the permeable sample cushion block 17 at saturated water tank 12 centers at portal frame 1 base plate center and place rock sample 18, select the height of permeable sample cushion block 17 to make rock sample 18 height equally divided positions corresponding with the mount pad 13 that leads.The horizontal clock gauge 19 of back insertion is stopped up in the sealing of extracting in the guiding mount pad 13 at saturated water tank 12 four sides; And between its measuring staff and gauge head auxiliary measuring staff 19-1 in the middle of the access level, make gauge head and rock sample 18 and the surperficial sheet metal 20 thereof of horizontal clock gauge 19 at saturated water tank 12 four sides closely connected.
With two vertical clock gauges 8 one of them and be connected auxiliary measuring staff 8-1 between vertical centering control between its gauge head and the measuring staff, make the sheet metal 20 of last metal porous disc 11 centre of surfaces at rock sample 18 tops in gauge head and the saturated water tank 12 mutually closely connected.
Multifunctional rock expansion-pressure testing apparatus shown in Figure 5 in the process of rock sample being carried out free swell test is: after accomplishing aforesaid operations and treating that its maintenance is stable; Record start time and each clock gauge initial reading; Water filling is submerged to metal porous disc 11 in saturated water tank 12, keeps water-level and water-temperature in allowed band, writes down each clock gauge reading in required time and changes; Till saturated stablizing, off-test.