CN105606514A - Method for performing water and salt migration experiment using cylinder device with independent temperature control at both ends - Google Patents
Method for performing water and salt migration experiment using cylinder device with independent temperature control at both ends Download PDFInfo
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- CN105606514A CN105606514A CN201610075260.4A CN201610075260A CN105606514A CN 105606514 A CN105606514 A CN 105606514A CN 201610075260 A CN201610075260 A CN 201610075260A CN 105606514 A CN105606514 A CN 105606514A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001131796 Botaurus stellaris Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920005479 Lucite® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000205 computational method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for performing a water and salt migration experiment using a cylinder device with independent temperature control at both ends. At present, nearly no indoor simulation test method for freezing and thawing cycle and water and salt migration for research on a road in a saline soil area is reported. The cylinder device with independent temperature control at both ends is adopted to perform the water and salt migration experiment; in the process of test sample molding, a cylinder is filled with soil samples layer by layer, and then the soil samples are manually rammed and compacted; a temperature gradient, a single cycle period and cycle times are preset through upper-end temperature-adjustable equipment and lower-end temperature-adjustable equipment; a glass plate or other flat plates slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder is placed at the top of a test sample at the upper end of the cylinder in the freezing and thawing process, and dial indicators are placed at two ends in the diameter direction to measure a frost-heave degree and a thawing amount of the soil body in the freezing and thawing cycle; at the end, layered sampling is conducted to measure the water content and the salt content, and a water and salt migration curve is drawn. The test device is simple; the heat loss in the test process is reduced, and heating or cooling rate is greatly increased; the method can be widely applied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of water salt migration experimental technique, be specifically related to a kind of cylinder unit that utilizes two ends independence temperature controlCarry out the method for water salt migration experiment.
Background technology
In China, salinized soil is mainly concentrated and is distributed in Northwest inland arid area, as provinces such as Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, and saltStainization degree is higher. The railway of building in these areas and highway engineering, inevitably there is secondary salinization in roadbed, in daytimeLarge and the extreme environment that the seasonal temperature difference is larger of the temperature difference at night, easily there is frost heave in secondary salinization roadbed, salt is swollen and molten sunken disease,Thereby cause the destruction of road foundation.
At present, China is studied in the starting stage saline soil area road, has no related specifications and standard pin to above-mentionedSituation proposes simulation laboratory test device and the experimental technique of freeze thawing circulation and the migration of water salt.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of side that utilizes the cylinder unit of two ends independence temperature control to carry out water salt migration experimentMethod, can simulate subgrade in salty soil zone freeze thawing cyclic process and water salt transport process effectively.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
Utilize the cylinder unit of two ends independence temperature control to carry out the method for water salt migration experiment, it is characterized in that:
Realized by following steps:
(1) in the cylinder unit of two ends independence temperature control, load sample, when filling sample, first at the bottom of examination cylinder paving 10cmMedium sand loaded filter, adopt and manually hit reality, then on loaded filter, load soil sample, soil sample is hitting in real process between layersDo plucking processing;
(2) soil sample layering filling, every bed thickness h, calculates every layer of quality of soil sample according to the following formula; Hit reality with weight, according to hitting real thicknessControl the compactness of soil sample;
（1）
（2）
（3）
（4）
In formula:
The optimum moisture content of w-soil sample;
The dry density of-soil sample;The maximum dry density of-soil sample;
The compactness that D%-soil sample specifies;
The wet density of-soil sample;
M-every layer quality of soil sample
R-barrel bore;
H-every layer the depth of fill;
(3) sensor in cylinder sensor preformed hole is caused to damage, temperature or water for avoiding soil sample filling to hit in real processSub sensor adopts the mode of imbedding after preformed hole, inserts in advance the ganoid metal bar that diameter is suitable in preformed hole that is:Or reinforcing bar, after filling compacting, soil sample extracts metal bar, insert temperature or moisture transducer simultaneously;
(4) in aquamanile, add bittern, the water surface is to the above 2cm of cylinder water inlet preformed hole, and experimentation maintains in aquamanileWater level is constant;
(5), before freeze-thaw cycle experiment starts, place at sample top, cylinder upper end and be slightly less than the glass plate of barrel bore or otherStiffener plate, frost heaving amount and the thaw collapse amount of the soil body in dial gauge measurement freeze thawing cyclic process placed at diametric(al) two ends thereon;
(6) in freeze-thaw cycle experiment process, adopt the variations in temperature of temperature sensor monitors soil sample, by cylinder top and bottomTemp. controllable equipment makes soil temperature reach the thermograde needing;
(7) in freeze thawing cyclic process, read frost heaving amount and the thaw collapse amount of the soil body by the dial gauge of cylinder upper ends, once freezeMelt circulation experiment and should at least observe dial gauge reading twice;
(8) freeze-thaw cycle experiment finishes afterwards or tests to reach the default cycle, and get every layer of soil and carry out moisture content and salometry,Draw moisture content, salt content and height relationships curve, i.e. water salt migration curve.
The cylinder unit of described two ends independence temperature control has following structure:
Comprise the bigbore cylinder that is placed in aquamanile, cylinder barrel arranges some sensor preformed holes from top to bottom, circleCylinder is provided with some water inlet preformed holes in root edge ring week;
The copper pipe that is provided with winding-type week is all encircled at the upper and lower two ends of cylinder inner wall, upper and lower copper pipe by connecting duct respectively with cylinder outsideThe upper end temp. controllable equipment of portion and lower end temp. controllable equipment connection;
Cylinder is acrylic material, high 1.0～2.0m, external diameter 30～65cm, internal diameter 28.4～63.4cm, wall thickness 1.6cm;
The sensor preformed hole of cylinder barrel is divided into 15cm between the upper and lower, and diameter is 1cm;
The water inlet preformed hole of cylinder root edge is spaced apart 2cm, and diameter is 5mm;
The copper pipe diameter at the upper and lower two ends of cylinder inner wall is 0.8cm, and upper end copper pipe is apart from cylinder cylindrical shell upper surface 15cm, height 20cm,Lower end copper pipe is apart from cylinder cylindrical shell lower surface 15cm, height 10cm;
Cylinder cylindrical shell exterior ring cap has heat-preservation cotton.
The present invention has the following advantages:
Examination cylinder diameter used and highly larger, has expanded the particle size range of the soil sample that fills effectively, can meet not people having a common goalThe needs of road packing material size.
2. the coefficient of heat conduction of acrylic lucite is 0.2W/(m DEG C), and the coefficient of heat conduction of copper pipe is 379.14(m DEG C), is equivalent to 2000 times of lucite. So acrylic pipe has played insulation effect effectively, the height in copper pipeCryogenic energy can all pass to the soil body or other fillers in cylinder, and in process of the test, thermal losses has reduced greatly.
3. utilize cylinder inner wall to twine copper pipe and carry out temperature control, greatly accelerated intensification or rate of temperature fall. Test according to testCard, in 7 hours, in examination cylinder, the cooling extent of the soil body can reach 20 degree left and right.
4. thermograde degree of amplitude modulation is large. By cylinder upper end temp. controllable equipment and lower end temp. controllable equipment, can realize-Various temperature gradient (temperature field) within the scope of 40 DEG C～100 DEG C, the freeze thawing that can simulate under multiple extreme temperature environment circulates realTest and water salt migration experiment.
5. installing top can be uncovered, simulated atmosphere evaporation process; Be filled with water and can simulated rainfall infiltrate test.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is experimental rig structure chart of the present invention.
In figure, 1-copper pipe, 2-cylinder, 3-heat-preservation cotton, 4-sensor preformed hole, 5-water inlet preformed hole, 6-containHydrophone ware, 7-lower end temp. controllable equipment, 8-upper end temp. controllable equipment, 9-connecting duct.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention will be described in detail.
The water salt migration experimental technique the present invention relates to, is that the cylinder unit based on two ends independence temperature control carries out, this dressPut and can effectively simulate subgrade in salty soil zone freeze thawing cyclic process and water salt transport process simultaneously, experimental rig is simple.
The cylinder unit of above-mentioned two ends independence temperature control comprises the bigbore cylinder 2 that is placed in aquamanile 6,2 of cylindersExternal ring set has heat-preservation cotton 3. Cylinder 2 barrels arrange some sensor preformed holes 4 from top to bottom, and 2 root edge ring weeks of cylinder are provided withSome water inlet preformed holes 5. The copper pipe 1 that is provided with winding-type week is all encircled at the cylinder 2 upper and lower two ends of inwall, and upper and lower copper pipe 1 is by connectingConnecing conduit 9 is connected with upper end temp. controllable equipment 8 and the lower end temp. controllable equipment 7 of cylinder 2 outsides respectively.
Cylinder 2 is acrylic material, high 1.0～2.0m, external diameter 30～65cm, internal diameter 28.4～63.4cm, wall thickness1.6cm. The sensor preformed hole 4 of cylinder 2 barrels is divided into 15cm between the upper and lower, and diameter is 1cm. The water inlet of cylinder 2 root edges is reservedHole 5 is spaced apart 2cm, and diameter is 5mm.
Copper pipe 1 diameter at the cylinder 2 upper and lower two ends of inwall is 0.8cm, and upper end copper pipe 1 is apart from cylinder 2 cylindrical shell upper surface 15cm, heightDegree 20cm, lower end copper pipe 1 is apart from cylinder 2 cylindrical shell lower surface 15cm, height 10cm. Utilize cylinder 2 inwalls to be wound around copper pipe 1 and carry out temperatureControl, greatly accelerated intensification or rate of temperature fall.
Said apparatus is mainly simulated the water salt migration under roadbed freeze thawing ringing, considers the evaporation of roadbed end face.Soil sample is gravel, takes from sandstone stock ground, Kun Lun Mountain, Golmud City, Qinghai Province. Gravel initial salt content 0.542%, contained salt is divided into chlorineSalt. When experiment, need to prepare the sample of high 80cm. When preparation, sample is divided into 16 layers, every layer of soil sample height is 5cm. As requestedHit solidity 94% and optimum moisture content 8.5%, calculate each layer of quality of soil sample. Every layer of filling quality of soil sample computational methods are as follows:
（1）
（2）
（3）
（4）
In formula:
W is the optimum moisture content of soil sample;
WithThe dry weight of soil sample and maximum dry severeFor soil sample moist unit weight;
M is every layer of quality of soil sample;
R is examination cylinder inside radius, and examination cylinder internal diameter is 26.8cm;
H is every layer of soil sample height 5cm.
For avoid testing the discrete type of soil sample grating used at every turn, soil sample is sieved in advance, when test according to natural levelPrepare. Required quality of soil sample in each particle size range, calculates according to ratio in table 1.
Every layer of quality of soil sample proportioning of table 1 and water requirement
Sample is placed on all soil samples in certain container after completing according to 16 layers of outfit, common mix, and be placed on indoor quietPut 24h, moisture and salinity are uniformly distributed completely. The laggard luggage material of 24h and hit reality, carries out freeze-thaw cycle experiment and water salt movesShift test.
For avoiding soil sample filling to hit in real process, the temperature sensor in cylinder sensor preformed hole is caused to damage, temperatureSensor adopts the mode of imbedding after preformed hole, that is: in preformed hole, insert in advance ganoid metal bar that diameter is suitable orReinforcing bar is extracted metal bar after soil sample is filled compacting, inserts temperature sensor simultaneously.
In aquamanile, add bittern, the water surface is to the above 2cm of cylinder water inlet preformed hole, and experimentation maintains in aquamanileWater level is constant.
Before freeze-thaw cycle experiment starts, place dial gauge measurement freeze thawing at sample top diameter direction two ends, cylinder upper end and followThe frost heaving amount of the soil body and thaw collapse amount in ring process. In this embodiment, the soil sample top not object of placing glass plate is simulation roadThe effect of base evaporated on top.
In freeze-thaw cycle experiment process, adopt the variations in temperature of temperature sensor monitors soil sample, by cylinder top and bottomTemp. controllable equipment makes soil temperature reach the thermograde needing.
In freeze thawing cyclic process, read frost heaving amount and the thaw collapse amount of the soil body by the dial gauge of cylinder upper ends, onceFreeze-thaw cycle experiment should at least be observed dial gauge reading twice, and dial gauge reading is frost heaving amount (reading increase value) or thaw collapse amount(reading reduces value).
Freeze-thaw cycle experiment finishes afterwards or experiment reaches the default cycle, gets every layer of soil and carries out moisture content and saliferous measurementFixed, salinity and determination of moisture: adopt " highway earthwork test rule " (JTGE40-2007) mass method and oven drying method. Soil sampleMoisture content and the salt content distribution situation on its height is water salt migration feature.
Specific embodiment:
Freeze-thaw cycle experiment adopts the freeze thawing circulating temperature described in table 2, drafts freeze thawing circulation 14 days and (freezes and melt point for one-periodBe not 7 days), freeze thawing cycle period (cycle-index) is intended to be 1 time, 2 times, 3 times, 5 times. Experimental result is in table 3, table 4 and table 5.
It is cited that content of the present invention is not limited to embodiment, and those of ordinary skill in the art are by reading description of the present inventionAnd the conversion of any equivalence that technical solution of the present invention is taked is claim of the present invention and contains.
Claims (2)
1. utilize the cylinder unit of two ends independence temperature control to carry out the method for water salt migration experiment, it is characterized in that:
Realized by following steps:
(1) in the cylinder unit of two ends independence temperature control, load sample, when filling sample, first at the bottom of examination cylinder paving 10cmMedium sand loaded filter, adopt and manually hit reality, then on loaded filter, load soil sample, soil sample is hitting in real process between layersDo plucking processing;
(2) soil sample layering filling, every bed thickness h, calculates every layer of quality of soil sample according to the following formula; Hit reality with weight, according to hitting real thicknessControl the compactness of soil sample;
（1）
（2）
（3）
（4）
In formula:
The optimum moisture content of w-soil sample;
The dry density of-soil sample;The maximum dry density of-soil sample;
The compactness that D%-soil sample specifies;
The wet density of-soil sample;
M-every layer quality of soil sample
R-barrel bore;
H-every layer the depth of fill;
(3) sensor in cylinder sensor preformed hole is caused to damage, temperature or water for avoiding soil sample filling to hit in real processSub sensor adopts the mode of imbedding after preformed hole, inserts in advance the ganoid metal bar that diameter is suitable in preformed hole that is:Or reinforcing bar, after filling compacting, soil sample extracts metal bar, insert temperature or moisture transducer simultaneously;
(4) in aquamanile, add bittern, the water surface is to the above 2cm of cylinder water inlet preformed hole, and experimentation maintains in aquamanileWater level is constant;
(5), before freeze-thaw cycle experiment starts, place at sample top, cylinder upper end and be slightly less than the glass plate of barrel bore or otherStiffener plate, frost heaving amount and the thaw collapse amount of the soil body in dial gauge measurement freeze thawing cyclic process placed at diametric(al) two ends thereon;
(6) in freeze-thaw cycle experiment process, adopt the variations in temperature of temperature sensor monitors soil sample, by cylinder top and bottomTemp. controllable equipment makes soil temperature reach the thermograde needing;
(7) in freeze thawing cyclic process, read frost heaving amount and the thaw collapse amount of the soil body by the dial gauge of cylinder upper ends, once freezeMelt circulation experiment and should at least observe dial gauge reading twice;
(8) freeze-thaw cycle experiment finishes afterwards or tests to reach the default cycle, and get every layer of soil and carry out moisture content and salometry,Draw moisture content, salt content and height relationships curve, i.e. water salt migration curve.
2. the method for utilizing the cylinder unit of two ends independence temperature control to carry out water salt migration experiment according to claim 1, itsBe characterised in that:
The cylinder unit of described two ends independence temperature control has following structure:
Comprise the bigbore cylinder (2) that is placed in aquamanile (6), cylinder (2) barrel arranges some sensors from top to bottomPreformed hole (4), cylinder (2) root edge ring week is provided with some water inlet preformed holes (5);
The copper pipe (1) that is provided with winding-type week is all encircled at the upper and lower two ends of cylinder (2) inwall, and upper and lower copper pipe (1) is by connecting duct (9)Upper end temp. controllable equipment (8) and the lower end temp. controllable equipment (7) outside with cylinder (2) is connected respectively;
Cylinder (2) is acrylic material, high 1.0～2.0m, external diameter 30～65cm, internal diameter 28.4～63.4cm, wall thickness 1.6cm;
The sensor preformed hole (4) of cylinder (2) barrel is divided into 15cm between the upper and lower, and diameter is 1cm;
The water inlet preformed hole (5) of cylinder (2) root edge is spaced apart 2cm, and diameter is 5mm;
Copper pipe (1) diameter at cylinder (2) the upper and lower two ends of inwall is 0.8cm, and upper end copper pipe (1) is apart from cylinder (2) cylindrical shell upper surface15cm, height 20cm, lower end copper pipe (1) is apart from cylinder (2) cylindrical shell lower surface 15cm, height 10cm;
Cylinder (2) cylindrical shell exterior ring cap has heat-preservation cotton (3).
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Cited By (8)
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| CN106092868A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-11-09 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of experimental provision simulating salinized soil environment road structure layer Mechanism of Deformation And Failure |
| CN107632139A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-01-26 | 中交第公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Consider each salt marsh earth salt expansive force test device and usage to confined pressure |
| CN108195877A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-22 | 吉林大学 | It can carry out the body frost heaving experimental rig of water salt supply |
| CN109324170A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-02-12 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | The detection method of more scene seepage through soil mass and water salt Transport |
| CN110455703A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-11-15 | 中南大学 | A kind of test device and its test method of compacted soil vaporous water and lyotropic salt migration |
| CN110779948A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-02-11 | 榆林学院 | Layered temperature control soil freezing and thawing cycle test device |
| CN111272979A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-06-12 | 中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Saline soil water and salt migration test device and method thereof |
| CN114878454A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-08-09 | 中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Optimization method of indoor vibration compaction test curve of cement stabilized macadam |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106092868A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-11-09 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of experimental provision simulating salinized soil environment road structure layer Mechanism of Deformation And Failure |
| CN106092868B (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2019-04-09 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of experimental provision for simulating salinized soil environment road structure layer Mechanism of Deformation And Failure |
| CN107632139A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-01-26 | 中交第公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Consider each salt marsh earth salt expansive force test device and usage to confined pressure |
| CN108195877A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-22 | 吉林大学 | It can carry out the body frost heaving experimental rig of water salt supply |
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| CN110779948A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-02-11 | 榆林学院 | Layered temperature control soil freezing and thawing cycle test device |
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