CN108157247A - A kind of breeding method of blood clam fast-growth strain - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method of blood clam fast-growth strain Download PDFInfo
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- CN108157247A CN108157247A CN201810065627.3A CN201810065627A CN108157247A CN 108157247 A CN108157247 A CN 108157247A CN 201810065627 A CN201810065627 A CN 201810065627A CN 108157247 A CN108157247 A CN 108157247A
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- breeding
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of breeding method of blood clam fast-growth strain, including：Basic population establishment, selection and breeding F1 generation structure, Breeding Effect assessment, continuous selection and breeding, specially：It is breeding basic population to establish the ripe individual of wild blood clam of the same age；It chooses shell length and individual that weight in wet base is before basic group 8% 10% is parent, cultivated using conventional method into F1 generation；Periodic measurement selection and breeding from generation to generation and the length of the shell without selection and breeding control group cultivated of the same period and the characters such as gross weight, estimate genetic parameter, and the often heredity for breeding population shell length and gross weight obtains about 3% 6%.The present invention carries out continuous selection and breeding using shell length and gross weight as breeding goal, with 8% 10% high selection pressure, and the blood clam new lines cultivated can show in terms of shell length and gross weight 3% 6% growth vigor compared with control group；The excellent strain cultivated using the method for the present invention both can directly be utilized as fast-growth kind, can be also cross-breeding with other excellent strains, be selected the blood clam new varieties with other merits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding methods of blood clam fast-growth strain, belong to agriculture mariculture technology field.
Background technology
Blood clam (Scapharca subcrenata) is commonly called as blood clam or hair clam, fine and tender taste, delicious flavour, containing rich
The various trace elements such as rich protein, fat, carbohydrate and calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, also there is middle benefit gas of enriching blood, stomach invigorating to disappear
The medical value of food has higher economic value, is once the shellfish of Liaodong Coastal Region, China yield maximum.The seventies in last century the east area of the Liao River, coextensive with eastern and southern Liaoning Province
The annual output of gulf blood clam is once up to more than 10 ten thousand tons, due to the influence of the factors such as overfishing and environmental pollution, blood clam money after the nineties
Source is increasingly deficient, far can not meet the market demand.
In recent years, the nursery of blood clam and aquaculture work were increasingly taken seriously, domestic and international in relation to blood clam artificial breeding and foster
The research of plantation technology also has more report.At present, seed needed for blood clam cultivation relies primarily on artificial breeding, and parent used is usual
All without stringent selection and breeding, the situation low in shortage breeding, per unit area yield.Therefore, carry out blood clam fine-variety breeding correlative study, cultivate
Go out the high-quality blood clam kind that quality is good, growth is fast, resistance is strong, be to restore blood clam natural resources, promote blood clam aquatic breeding fast
The effective way of speed development.
Shellfish genetic breeding is successfully carried out in the Important Economics shellfish such as oyster, scallop, Bao, but blood clam fine-variety breeding phase
Pass work is at the early-stage, in relation to the work that blood clam fast-growth strain is cultivated, mainly according to Quantitative Genetics principle, utilizes group
Body selection and breeding or family selective breeding method carry out selection and breeding for objective trait, and there are still breeding character is indefinite, the hereditary ginseng of objective trait
The problems such as number data deficiencies.
Invention content
To solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultivation sides of blood clam fast-growth strain
Method can improve the speed of growth of blood clam using this method, and present invention is mainly used for the cultivation rearing new varieties of blood clam, solve hair
The problem of blood clam growth is slower can improve the economic benefit of blood clam cultivation.
In order to realize above-mentioned target, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of breeding method of blood clam fast-growth strain, includes the following steps：
(1), basic population is established：It is ripe parent to choose a blood clam of body shell long 3.0-5.5cm, weight 20-55g, according to
Individual of the same age is chosen as breeding basic population according to the growth ring of shell；
(2), selection and breeding F1 generation is built：Using group breeding method, with the shell length and gross weight (overall weight in wet base) of blood clam for selection and breeding
In breeding basic population, the ripe individual 150 or more of sexual gland is selected with 8%-10% selection pressures for target, using dry in the shade, flowing water
The methods of induction parent discharge smart ovum, complete fertilization and hatching, by the fertilized eggs of acquisition through larval culture, Transitional culture, pond or
Sea area, which is formed, waits conventional steps to cultivate into blood clam fast-growth strain F1 generation；
(3), Breeding Effect is assessed：What periodic measurement selection and breeding F1 generation and the same period cultivated under identical environment compares without selection and breeding
The characters such as the shell length of group and gross weight, estimate genetic parameter, assess Breeding Effect；
(4), continuous selection and breeding：Step (2) and (3) is repeated, continues to select pressure choosing with 8%-10% from previous generation's breeding population
Parent is taken, continuous selection and breeding 3 more than generation, by comparing breeding population and the growth differences without selection and breeding control group, estimate heredity ginseng
Number, assessment often for Breeding Progress, obtain fast-growth strain.
It is described that the wild blood clam in Jinzhou, Liaoning gulf is fished in step (1), choose body shell a long 3.0-5.5cm, weight 20.0-
The maturation individual of 55.0g is parent, and the growth ring according to shell judges the blood clam age, it is ensured that breeding basic population is of the same age
Body and the aboriginal communities for being suitable for local environment.
It is described that selection and breeding are carried out as breeding goal using the shell of blood clam length and gross weight in step (2), pressure is selected as 8%-10%,
That is the shell length of selected parent and the preceding 8%-10% individuals that weight in wet base is basic group.
According to technical solution above, in the case of preferred, the blood clam sexual gland maturation individual amount in step (2) is
150 or more；
According to technical solution above, in the case of preferred, the genetic parameter in step (3) includes：Selection reaction is lost
Pass acquisition and realized heritability.
The realized heritability calculation formula is as follows：
The calculation formula of the selection reaction is as follows：
The calculation formula that the heredity obtains is as follows：
In above-mentioned formula formula：XSAnd XCIt is selection group and the average shell length or weight in wet base of control group respectively；σcIt is the mark of control group
It is accurate poor；I is selection intensity.
According to technical solution above, in the case of preferred, the length of the first generation breeding population shell in step (3) and gross weight
Heredity obtain be about 3%-6%.
It is described often to be grown and gross weight for breeding population shell in step (4) in the case of preferred according to technical solution above
It should be about 3%-6% that heredity, which obtains,.
The invention has the beneficial effects that：By establishing the blood clam selection and breeding basic population for being suitable for local environment and growing, with shell
Long and gross weight is breeding goal, according to Quantitative Genetics principle, carries out continuous selection and breeding with the high selection pressure of 8%-10%, cultivates
New lines can show the growth vigor of 3%-6% in terms of shell length and gross weight compared with control group；It is cultivated using the method for the present invention
The excellent strain gone out both can directly be utilized as fast-growth kind, can also hybridize educate with other excellent strains
Kind, select the blood clam new varieties with other merits；In addition, the method for the present invention can be widely applied to blood clam Deng Han sections
The improved seeds of shellfish are cultivated, the particularly cultivation of fast-growth kind and growth correlation QTL heredity parsing, growth correlation function
Gene excavating.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the growth ring of blood clam and the long character of shell.
Specific embodiment
Make specific introduce to the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Specific embodiment：
First, basic population is established
In Jinzhou, Liaoning gulf sea area, the seawater water temperature of annual early July to early August is hair at this time at 20-25 DEG C or so
In the natural propagation season of blood clam, fish that quantity is sufficient, a long 3.0-5.5cm of body shell, the blood clam maturation parent of weight 20.0-55.0g,
Growth ring according to shell chooses individual of the same age and is used as breeding basic population.
2nd, fast-growth strain F1 generation is built
1st, parental line selection：The shell length and gross weight of blood clam breeding basic population are measured, according to thremmatology principle, utilized
Group breeding method, chooses shell length and individual that weight in wet base is 8%-10% before basic group is parent, ensures parent's quantity 150
More than a.
2nd, strain development：Using dry in the shade, flowing water the methods of the parent of selection is induced to discharge smart ovum, complete fertilization and hatching, will
The fertilized eggs of acquisition the conventional steps such as are formed through larval culture, Transitional culture, pond or sea area and are cultivated into blood clam fast-growth product
It is F1 generation.
3rd, Breeding Effect is assessed：Periodic measurement selection and breeding F1 generation and the same period cultivated under identical environment without selection and breeding control group
Shell length and the characters such as gross weight, estimation selection reaction, heredity obtain and the genetic parameters such as realized heritability, assesses Breeding Effect,
First generation breeding population shell is grown and the heredity of gross weight obtains about 3%-6%.
4th, example：When parent select pressure be 10%, when selection intensity is about 1.75, the shell of 2 monthly age of blood clam breeding population
A length of 0.99 ± 0.17mm, a length of 0.94 ± 0.15mm of shell of control group group, shows according to what genetic parameter calculation formula obtained
Real genetic forceIt is 0.19, it is 0.33 to select reaction (SR), and it is 5.3% that heredity, which obtains (GG),.
3rd, continuous selection and breeding
When selection and breeding F1 generation is about the ripe blood clam of 2.5-3.5cm through about 2-3 cultivations shelling, repeat to build selection and breeding F1 generation
When the step of, continue pressure to be selected to choose parent with 8%-10% from F1 breeding populations, method according to this, continuous selection and breeding 3 are more than generation,
By comparing breeding population and growth differences of the same period without selection and breeding control group, estimate genetic parameter, assessment often for Breeding Progress,
It should be about 3%-6% that often the heredity for breeding population shell length and gross weight, which obtains,.
The method of the present invention, be according to genetic thremmatology principle, using established blood clam breeding basic population, with shell length and
Gross weight is breeding goal, continuous selection and breeding is carried out with the selection pressure of 8%-10%, by comparing selected strain and the same period without selection and breeding
Control group shell grow and gross weight growth differences, assess blood clam fast-growth strain growth vigor, often for breeding population shell length and
It should be about 3%-6% that the heredity of gross weight, which obtains,.
It should be noted that the invention is not limited in any way for above-described embodiment, it is all to use equivalent replacement or equivalent change
The technical solution that the mode changed is obtained, all falls in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of breeding method of blood clam fast-growth strain, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1), basic population is established：The ripe individual of blood clam of the same age is chosen as breeding basic population；
(2), selection and breeding F1 generation is built：Using the shell length and gross weight of blood clam as breeding goal, in breeding basic population, with 8%-10%
Selection pressure selects the ripe individual of sexual gland, and induction parent discharges smart ovum, completes fertilization and hatching, the fertilized eggs of acquisition are trained through the young
It educates, Transitional culture, pond or sea area are formed conventional steps and cultivated into blood clam fast-growth strain F1 generation；
(3), Breeding Effect is assessed：Periodic measurement selection and breeding F1 generation and the same period cultivated under identical environment without selection and breeding control group
Shell is grown and gross weight character, estimates genetic parameter, assesses Breeding Effect；
(4), continuous selection and breeding：Step (2) and (3) is repeated, continues pressure to be selected to choose parent with 8%-10% from previous generation's breeding population
This, continuous selection and breeding 3 more than generation, by comparing breeding population and the growth differences without selection and breeding control group, are estimated genetic parameter, are commented
Estimate per generation Breeding Progress, obtain fast-growth strain.
2. the breeding method of blood clam fast-growth strain according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step (2)
Middle blood clam sexual gland maturation individual amount is 150 or more.
3. the breeding method of blood clam fast-growth strain according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step (3)
Include with the genetic parameter in step (4)：Selection reaction, heredity obtains and realized heritability.
4. the breeding method of blood clam fast-growth strain according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described in step (3)
The heredity of middle first generation breeding population shell length and gross weight is obtained as 3%-6%.
5. the breeding method of blood clam fast-growth strain according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described in step (4)
In often for breeding population shell length and gross weight heredity obtain should be 3%-6%.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111972331A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-24 | 北部湾大学 | Method for cultivating bead-breeding receptor pinctada fucata martensii |
Citations (1)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102742531A (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2012-10-24 | 中国海洋大学 | Construction method of superior strains of rapid-growing crassostrea gigas |
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- 2018-01-23 CN CN201810065627.3A patent/CN108157247A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102742531A (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2012-10-24 | 中国海洋大学 | Construction method of superior strains of rapid-growing crassostrea gigas |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 中国水产学会: "《《渔业科技创新与发展方式转变2011年中国水产学会学术年会论文摘要集》", 30 November 2011 * |
| 李炼星等: "《缢蛏选育系F5的生长优势比较及育种效应分析》", 《中国水产科学》 * |
| 杜靖: "《毛蚶亲本选育及杂交育种试验》", 《河北渔业》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111972331A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-24 | 北部湾大学 | Method for cultivating bead-breeding receptor pinctada fucata martensii |
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