CN108151957B - Cable force dynamic tester calibration device and method - Google Patents
Cable force dynamic tester calibration device and method Download PDFInfo
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
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Abstract
A cable force dynamic tester calibration device and a method belong to the field of vibration frequency calibration of a cable. In the conventional method for calibrating the cable force measuring instrument by using the standard vibration table method, the standard vibration sensor equipped on the standard vibration table has extremely poor measuring capability in the low frequency range of 0.3 Hz-10 Hz, and the vibration frequency of the standard vibration table in the low frequency range cannot be accurately obtained, so that the actual calibration result has larger error, and according to the conventional literature, the uncertainty of the conventional standard vibration table in the low frequency measuring capability of the cable force measuring instrument is generally not lower than 10%. The component of uncertainty introduced by the invention consists of the machining precision of the waveform disc and the separation time of the waveform disc and the contact rod. The negative feedback structure formed by the boundary rotator, the boundary block sliding frame, the rod table joint, the contact rod, the displacement recording module, the main controller and the contact judging device can reduce the separation time to 0.08 seconds, so that the uncertainty of the calibrating device is reduced to 2.5%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of vibration frequency measurement capability calibration of a cable force dynamic tester.
Background
With the continuous progress of bridge technology and the requirements of people on aesthetic factors of bridges along with the rapid development of economic construction and external opening in China, the inhaul cable technology is increasingly widely applied to large-span bridges. Typical applications include main ropes and slings of suspension bridges, diagonal ropes of cable-stayed bridges, slings of arch-suspended bridges, and the like. As the core component of the large bridge structure, the weight of the bridge span structure and the active load on the bridge are mostly transferred to the tower column through the inhaul cable. According to incomplete statistics, 300 seats exist in large-span inhaul cables in China, most inhaul cables have diseases with different degrees, and in recent years, serious accidents of bridge collapse caused by bridge inhaul cable breakage also occur. The bridge floor collapses due to the breakage of the hanging rod of the Yangtze river bridge of Yibin Xiaojinsha in 2011; the south China lawn Jade screen bridge breaks and changes the rope. It can be seen that the stay cable is extremely easy to cause local fatigue and damage due to long-term environment of alternating stress, corrosion and wind-induced vibration, so that the service life of the stay cable is shortened, the internal force distribution and the structure line type of the structure are directly influenced, and the safety of the whole structure is endangered. The cable, as a flexible member, has different force characteristics than a rigid member: the steel has no compressive rigidity, can only bear tensile force, has obvious geometric nonlinearity, and is easy to produce relaxation and stress loss. The stress and working state of the bridge inhaul cable are one of important marks for directly reflecting whether the bridge is in normal operation. During design and construction, the bridge inhaul cable force needs to be detected and optimized so that the tower and the beam are in an optimal stress state. After the bridge is formed, the change of the cable force is required to be continuously monitored, the working state of the inhaul cable is known, and the inhaul cable is timely adjusted, so that the inhaul cable meets the design requirement. The requirements in the industry standard CJJ99-2003 "City bridge maintenance technical Specification" 5.9.5 of the people's republic of China are: "Cable force must be measured once a year, and the last cable force to be adjusted after the bridge is completed should be compared with the design cable force. The recommended standard JTG/T J-2011 of the industry of the people's republic of China (highway bridge bearing capacity detection and assessment procedure) explicitly indicates that the cable force is one of main loading test items of the cable-stayed bridge and the suspension bridge and is one of important parameters reflecting the bridge state. Therefore, bridge cable force detection service is an indispensable detection project and basic capability of each detection mechanism.
JTG/T J21-2011, highway bridge bearing capacity detection assessment procedure 5.10.1, indicates that: the rope force of the rope can be measured by a vibration method; JTG/T J21-01-2015, appendix B, filed by the protocol for highway bridge load test: "under certain conditions, the strand tension has a corresponding relation with the vibration frequency of the cable, and when the length, the distribution mass and the bending rigidity of the cable are known, the cable tension can be calculated through the vibration frequency of the strand. Obviously, the vibration method is a relatively general method at present, and the basic principle and theoretical basis of the method are dynamic theory.
The early-stage scientific researchers of the eighteenth century begin to explore the dynamic theory of the inhaul cable structure, brook Taylor, D' Alembert, euler and Daniel Bernoulli research the vibration theory of the inhaul cable structure under the condition that the two ends of the inhaul cable structure are fixed aiming at the tension strings, and prove that complex vibration can be always decomposed into a plurality of mutually independent modal vibration, thereby laying the foundation of dynamics. In the early nineteenth century, the Possion gave a general partial differential equation of the cable under the action of any force, in the mid nineteenth century, rohrs, stokes and Routh gave an accurate solution of the vertical vibration of the cable, in the mid twentieth century, ranie and von Karman gave a solution of the vertical vibration of the inextensible three-span cable, in the end of the twentieth century, H.Ma Irvine published a book of "cable Structure", and by considering the influence of the height difference between the two end points of the suspension cable, the solution of the horizontal cable vibration was promoted to the suspension cable, and a dynamics theory system of an ideal flexible cable structure was basically established.
The basic principle of the traditional cable force measuring instrument (JMM-268, SET-PF1-11, DH5906 and the like) is the string vibration theory established and perfected in the beginning of the eighteenth century. Obviously, the vibration frequency calibration of the inhaul cable is a key link of the calibration of the cable force motion measuring instrument.
1) Standard vibrating table system
The calibration can be performed using a standard vibrating table system according to the specifications in JJG 676-2000, working vibrometer calibration procedures. The standard vibrating table system is shown in fig. 6, and mainly comprises a digital counter, a signal generator, an amplifier, a vibrating table, a standard sensor, a digital voltmeter and the like. The uncertainty of the reference sensitivity of the standard sensor is 1%. The vibration table system consists of signal generator, amplifier and vibration table with acceleration waveform distortion less than or equal to 5%, transverse vibration ratio less than or equal to 10%, amplitude uniformity less than or equal to 5% and table surface magnetic leakage less than or equal to 3 x 10-3T. The uncertainty of the digital counter was 0.01%. The uncertainty of the digital voltmeter was 0.5%.
The prior art has the following disadvantages:
1) The standard vibration table system is high in price, and takes LF-01 standard vibration table produced by China institute of science and seismic office engineering mechanics institute as an example, the total price at least needs millions of yuan.
2) Low frequency vibration capability is poor. The quality of motion signals generated in the low-frequency range of the conventional standard vibrating table is poor, and in general, only vibration frequencies above 10Hz can be generated, and the vibration frequency of a long cable is generally lower, so that the standard vibrating table method cannot meet the calibration requirement of low-frequency vibration measurement.
3) The standard vibrating table method needs to configure a standard sensor for obtaining a standard vibration frequency value, the required standard sensor frequency response range generally needs to cover 0.1Hz-200Hz, and the sensor with the technical index is difficult to be equipped and has lower precision.
Disclosure of Invention
The device for measuring the cable force of the inhaul cable mainly comprises a boundary rotator, a boundary block sliding frame, a rod table connector, a contact rod, a displacement recording module, a base, a main controller, a contact judging device, a waveform rotator, a waveform disc, a vibration connecting block, a vibration unit and the like, wherein a hardware connection diagram is shown in figure 1.
The boundary rotator can be composed of a motor and a driving circuit and is used for driving the boundary block to displace in the vertical direction on the boundary block sliding frame.
The boundary block can freely displace on the boundary block sliding frame, one end of the boundary block is connected to the boundary block sliding frame, and the other end of the boundary block is connected to the vibration unit and plays a role in displacement marking in the displacement recording module.
The boundary block sliding frame can adopt an air floatation guide rail, so that the boundary block can freely move along the vertical direction on the boundary block sliding frame when the boundary rotator does not work when being electrified.
The upper end of the pole table joint is connected with the vibration unit, the lower end of the pole table joint is connected with the contact rod, and the conductivity between the pole table joint and the contact rod is good.
The lower end of the contact rod is contacted with the waveform disc, the lower end of the contact rod is smooth, when the waveform disc rotates, the contact rod is driven to move up and down due to the uneven structure of the waveform disc, and the friction force generated between the lower end of the contact rod and the waveform disc is small.
The displacement recording module may be a grating ruler or a laser interferometer. The displacement recording module is used for recording the movement time course curve of the boundary block.
The base is provided with the components and can be stably placed on the horizontal ground.
The master controller can be an embedded device, a computer, a PLC or the like. The main controller can display the vibration frequency of the vibration unit in real time, and the main controller can control the boundary rotator and the waveform rotator to rotate.
The contact judger is connected to the waveform disc and the pole station joint, respectively. When the contact judgment device works, a current closed loop is formed with the waveform disc, the pole table joint and the contact rod, when the loop is interrupted, the contact judgment device can judge that the contact rod is separated from the waveform disc, at the moment, the contact judgment device transmits a separation signal to the main controller, the main controller drives the boundary rotator to rotate, the boundary block is driven to correspondingly move (the moving direction and the moving duration are calculated by the contact judgment device through the loop interruption time and are transmitted to the main controller), and the contact rod and the waveform disc are forced to restore to the contact state.
The waveform rotator can be composed of a motor and a driving circuit and is used for driving the waveform disc to rotate.
The waveform disc is made of conductive materials, is abrasion-resistant, is printed with corresponding concave-convex waveforms on the side face of the waveform disc, is smooth in waveform surface, and has fixed frequency values.
One end of the vibration connecting block is connected to the base, the left side of the vibration connecting block is solid, other parts are hollow and smooth, the vibration unit can penetrate through the vibration connecting block and displace, and the boundary block can freely move up and down on the right side of the vibration connecting block.
The lower end of the vibration unit is connected with the rod table joint, and the upper end of the vibration unit is used for installing a sensor of a calibrated instrument.
The technical scheme flow chart of the device and the method for calibrating the cable force measuring instrument is shown in fig. 2.
The device for calibrating the cable force motion measuring instrument comprises a boundary rotator, a boundary block sliding frame, a rod table joint, a contact rod, a displacement recording module, a base, a main controller, a contact judging device, a waveform rotator, a waveform disc, a vibration connecting block, a vibration unit and the like.
The implementation process of the overall technical scheme is as follows:
(1) And mounting the vibration sensor of the cable force motion detector on the vibration unit, so that the vibration sensor and the vibration unit are tightly attached.
(2) The base is placed on the stable ground, and the contact rod is moved up and down by hands, so that the bottom end point of the contact rod is in good contact with the waveform disc, and separation or shell clamping does not occur.
(3) The contact judgment device is electrified, so that the contact judgment device forms a current closed loop with the waveform disc, the pole table joint and the contact pole.
(4) The displacement recording module is powered on and initializes the displacement value.
(5) The master controller is started.
(6) The main controller controls the waveform rotator to drive the waveform disc to rotate.
(7) The contact lever is forced to displace up and down by the wave plate rotating. In the displacement process, if the contact rod is separated from the waveform disc, the contact judgment device sends out a signal, the relative separation direction is transmitted to the main controller, and meanwhile, the displacement recording module transmits the displacement time course curve of the contact rod to the main controller. The main controller calculates and obtains negative feedback parameters (negative feedback force and negative feedback time) according to the displacement time course curve and the relative separation direction, controls the boundary rotator to rotate, applies downward negative feedback force to the boundary block, and keeps the applied force in the negative feedback time. When the contact rod is in contact with the waveform disc, the contact judgment device sends out a signal, and the main controller stops controlling the boundary rotator, so that the contact rod is pressed by the waveform disc to move at the moment.
(8) And starting the cable force measuring instrument to measure the vibration frequency of the calibrating device.
(9) After the waveform disc rotates continuously for 1 minute, the cable force measuring instrument stops measuring and outputs the measured frequency value.
(10) The main controller calculates a frequency correction coefficient p through data transmitted by the displacement recording module and the contact judging device, corrects and calculates the frequency correction coefficient p with a fixed frequency f carved on the waveform disc, and obtains and displays an actual standard frequency pf.
(11) And comparing the frequency indication values of the main controller and the cable force motion detector, and calculating a difference value to obtain a frequency measurement indication value error of the cable force motion detector to be detected, wherein the cable force motion detector is calibrated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus
In fig. 1, 1 is a boundary rotator, 2 is a boundary block, 3 is a boundary block sliding frame, 4 is a rod table joint, 5 is a contact rod, 6 is a displacement recording module, 7 is a base, 8 is a main controller, 9 is a contact judging device, 10 is a waveform rotator, 11 is a waveform disc, 12 is a vibration connecting block, and 13 is a vibration unit.
Top view of the device of fig. 2
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an apparatus and method for calibrating a cable force meter
Technical solution flowchart of the embodiment of FIG. 4
FIG. 5 waveform disc schematic diagram
FIG. 6 schematic diagram of a prior art apparatus
Detailed Description
Referring to the flowchart of example 1 shown in fig. 4, the implementation process of the technical scheme of example 1 is as follows:
(1) Placing the calibration device on a smooth ground
(2) The sensor of the cable force measuring instrument is mounted on the vibration unit of the calibration device.
(3) The calibrating device is electrified, the position of the contact rod is adjusted to ensure that the contact rod is in good contact with the waveform disc, and the contact judgment device does not send out a separation signal.
(4) And starting the main controller to control the waveform disc to rotate.
(5) The vibration unit is displaced.
(6) And starting the cable force measuring instrument to measure the vibration frequency generated by the vibration unit.
(7) After the cable force measuring instrument measures one group of data (1024 points or more are collected according to different instruments), the vibration unit stops displacement, and the cable force measuring instrument stops measuring and outputs a measured frequency value.
(8) And recording the frequency value output by the main controller, and subtracting the frequency value output by the cable force motion detector to obtain a frequency difference value.
(9) The calculated frequency difference value is the frequency measurement indication error of the cable force measuring instrument to be calibrated, and the calibration is completed.
The cable force dynamic measuring instrument low-frequency measuring capacity calibration device achieves the calibration of the cable force dynamic measuring instrument low-frequency measuring capacity, and solves the problem that the cable force dynamic measuring instrument low-frequency measuring capacity calibration is difficult.
The vibration table can effectively reproduce low-frequency vibration, solves the problem that the vibration table is difficult to reproduce low-frequency vibration, and has high accuracy of the generated vibration frequency result.
Compared with the current common method, the cost of the method is low, and the calibration cost is saved.
The device and the method for calibrating the cable force measuring instrument can generate low-frequency vibration, the vibration frequency value can be simply measured, and the accuracy is high.
In the conventional method for calibrating the cable force measuring instrument by using the standard vibration table method, the standard vibration sensor equipped on the standard vibration table has extremely poor measuring capability in the low frequency range of 0.3 Hz-10 Hz, and the vibration frequency of the standard vibration table in the low frequency range cannot be accurately obtained, so that the actual calibration result has larger error, and according to the conventional literature, the uncertainty of the conventional standard vibration table in the low frequency measuring capability of the cable force measuring instrument is generally not lower than 10%. With the patent, the component for introducing uncertainty is composed of the machining precision of the waveform disc and the separation time of the waveform disc and the contact rod. The machining precision of the waveform disc can reach 0.01mm, and the negative feedback structure formed by the boundary rotator, the boundary block sliding frame, the rod table connector, the contact rod, the displacement recording module, the main controller and the contact judging device can reduce the separation time to 0.08 seconds, so that the uncertainty of the calibrating device is reduced to 2.5%.
In the displacement process, if the contact rod is separated from the waveform disc, the contact judgment device sends out a signal, the relative separation direction is transmitted to the main controller, and meanwhile, the displacement recording module transmits the displacement time course curve of the contact rod to the main controller. The main controller calculates and obtains negative feedback parameters (negative feedback force and negative feedback time) according to the displacement time course curve and the relative separation direction, controls the boundary rotator to rotate, applies downward negative feedback force to the boundary block, and keeps the applied force within the negative feedback time. When the contact rod is in contact with the waveform disc, the contact judgment device sends out a signal, and the main controller stops controlling the boundary rotator, so that the contact rod is pressed by the waveform disc to move at the moment.
In the schematic diagram of the waveform disc, a circle O1 formed by a dotted line is an auxiliary line, a graph formed by black is the waveform disc, and the center of the circle O1 is the center of the waveform disc. The horizontal axis is the X axis, and the vertical axis is the Y axis.
Let the radius of O1 be R, the straight line distance from the center of the wavy disc to the side surface of the wavy disc be R. Coordinates of each point on the side face of the waveform disc are (x, y), and the following relation is satisfied: r=sinkx+r, x=rcosθ, y=rsinθ.
The relief waveform printed on the waveform disc is sinkx, and the frequency f=k/(2pi) of the waveform.
The surface roughness Ra of the side surface of the wave plate is not more than 0.2 mu m, and the friction coefficient between the lower end of the contact rod and the lower end of the contact rod of the wave plate and the wave plate is less than 0.05.
The low-frequency vibration frequency that this patent can be repeated is 0.02Hz ~ 30Hz, and the error is not more than + -0.09%, and the distortion degree is less than 1.5%, and the measurement uncertainty is not more than 2.5%.
According to the investigation result, the frequency range of the existing bridge cable force measuring instrument is (0.3-200) Hz, the frequency precision is 0.5%F+/-0.01 Hz or better than 0.1%F (F is the measured frequency), so that when the cable force measuring instrument low-frequency measuring capability is calibrated, the frequency error of the calibrating device is required to be ensured to be not more than +/-0.1%. The low-frequency vibration reproduction capability of the patent can completely meet the actual requirements.
Claims (3)
1. The cable force dynamic tester calibration device is characterized by comprising a boundary rotator, a boundary block sliding frame, a rod table joint, a contact rod, a displacement recording module, a base, a main controller, a contact judging device, a waveform rotator, a waveform disc, a vibration connecting block and a vibration unit;
the boundary rotator consists of a motor and a driving circuit and is used for driving the boundary block to displace in the vertical direction on the boundary block sliding frame;
the boundary block freely displaces on the boundary block sliding frame, one end of the boundary block is connected to the boundary block sliding frame, and the other end of the boundary block is connected to the vibration unit and plays a role in displacement marking in the displacement recording module;
the boundary block sliding frame enables the boundary block to freely move along the vertical direction on the boundary block sliding frame when the boundary rotator is not powered on to work;
the upper end of the rod table joint is connected with the vibration unit, the lower end of the rod table joint is connected with the contact rod, and the electric conduction is realized between the rod table joint and the contact rod;
the lower end of the contact rod is contacted with the waveform disc, the lower end of the contact rod is smooth, the boundary of the waveform disc is a sinusoidal curve, and the frequency of the sinusoidal curve is f; when the wave plate rotates, the contact rod is driven to move up and down;
the displacement recording module is used for recording a moving time curve of the boundary block;
the base is provided with the components and can be placed on the horizontal ground;
the main controller can display the vibration frequency of the vibration unit in real time, and can control the boundary rotator and the waveform rotator to rotate;
the contact judgment device is respectively connected to the waveform disc and the pole platform connector; when the contact judgment device works, a current closed loop is formed with the waveform disc, the pole table joint and the contact rod, when the loop is interrupted, the contact judgment device judges that the contact rod is separated from the waveform disc, at the moment, the contact judgment device transmits a separation signal to the main controller, the main controller drives the boundary rotator to rotate, the boundary block is driven to correspondingly move, and the contact rod and the waveform disc are forced to restore to a contact state;
the waveform rotator consists of a motor and a driving circuit and is used for driving the waveform disc to rotate;
one end of the vibration connecting block is connected to the base, the vibration unit can penetrate through the vibration connecting block and displace, and the boundary block freely moves up and down on the right side of the vibration connecting block;
the lower end of the vibration unit is connected with the rod table joint, and the upper end of the vibration unit is used for installing a sensor of a calibrated instrument.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the waveform disc is made of conductive materials, and the surface roughness Ra is not more than 0.2 mu m; and the friction coefficient between the lower end of the contact rod and the waveform disc is less than 0.05.
3. A method of using the device of claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of: the vibration sensor of the cable force motion detector is arranged on the vibration unit, so that the vibration sensor and the vibration unit are tightly attached;
the base is placed on the stable ground, and the contact rod is moved up and down by hands, so that the bottom end point of the contact rod is well contacted with the waveform disc, and separation or shell clamping does not occur;
the contact judgment device is electrified, so that a current closed loop is formed by the contact judgment device, the waveform disc, the pole table connector and the contact pole;
the displacement recording module is electrified and initializes a displacement value;
starting a main controller;
the main controller controls the waveform rotator to drive the waveform disc to rotate;
the contact rod is forced to move up and down due to the wave-shaped disc rotation; in the displacement process, if the contact rod is separated from the waveform disc, the contact judgment device sends a signal, the relative separation direction is transmitted to the main controller, and meanwhile, the displacement recording module transmits the displacement time course curve of the contact rod to the main controller; the main controller calculates to obtain negative feedback force and negative feedback time according to the displacement time course curve and the relative separation direction, controls the boundary rotator to rotate, applies downward negative feedback force to the boundary block, and keeps the applied force within the negative feedback time; when the contact rod is in contact with the waveform disc, the contact judgment device sends out a signal, and the main controller stops controlling the boundary rotator, so that the contact rod is pressed by the waveform disc to move at the moment;
starting a cable force measuring instrument to measure the vibration frequency of the calibrating device;
stopping measuring by the cable force dynamic measuring instrument after the waveform disc continuously rotates for more than 1 minute, and outputting a measured frequency value;
the main controller calculates a frequency correction coefficient p through data transmitted by the displacement recording module and the contact judging device, corrects and calculates the frequency correction coefficient p with a fixed frequency f carved on the waveform disc to obtain an actual standard frequency pf, and displays the actual standard frequency pf;
and comparing the frequency indication values of the main controller and the cable force motion detector, and calculating a difference value to obtain a frequency measurement indication value error of the cable force motion detector to be detected, wherein the cable force motion detector is calibrated.
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