CN107941402B - Device and method for measuring inhaul cable force - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring inhaul cable force Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/04—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands
- G01L5/042—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands by measuring vibrational characteristics of the flexible member
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Abstract
A device and a method for measuring the cable force of a inhaul cable belong to the field of bridge cable force detection. The device comprises: the device comprises a tested inhaul cable, an inhaul cable capturing unit joint, a vibration transmission unit, an auxiliary bracket, a main sliding unit, a main sliding groove, a main rotating rod, a rotating bracket, a rotating connecting piece, a slave rotating rod, a slave sliding unit, a slave sliding groove, a displacement head, a displacement measuring unit, a main body base and a data analysis unit, wherein the tested inhaul cable is captured by the inhaul cable; the device realizes cable force measurement under the condition of smaller cable amplitude. The device has the vibration amplification function, can amplify the tiny vibration of the inhaul cable in proportion, and is convenient for measuring and recording the vibration by adopting the displacement measuring unit. This patent can effectively detect the low frequency vibration of cable, has solved vibration sensor and has measured the extremely poor problem of ability under the low frequency, can directly detect out the fundamental frequency vibration. The cost of the patent is lower than that of the current common method.
Description
Technical Field
A device and a method for measuring the cable force of a inhaul cable belong to the field of bridge cable force detection.
Background
With the continuous progress of bridge technology and the requirements of people on aesthetic factors of bridges along with the rapid development of economic construction and external opening in China, the inhaul cable technology is increasingly widely applied to large-span bridges. Typical applications include main ropes and slings of suspension bridges, diagonal ropes of cable-stayed bridges, slings of arch-suspended bridges, and the like. As the core component of the large bridge structure, the weight of the bridge span structure and the active load on the bridge are mostly transferred to the tower column through the inhaul cable. According to incomplete statistics, 300 seats exist in large-span inhaul cables in China, most inhaul cables have diseases with different degrees, and in recent years, serious accidents of bridge collapse caused by bridge inhaul cable breakage also occur. The bridge floor collapses due to the breakage of the hanging rod of the Yangtze river bridge of Yibin Xiaojinsha in 2011; the south China lawn Jade screen bridge breaks and changes the rope. It can be seen that the stay cable is extremely easy to cause local fatigue and damage due to long-term environment of alternating stress, corrosion and wind-induced vibration, so that the service life of the stay cable is shortened, the internal force distribution and the structure line type of the structure are directly influenced, and the safety of the whole structure is endangered. The cable, as a flexible member, has different force characteristics than a rigid member: the steel has no compressive rigidity, can only bear tensile force, has obvious geometric nonlinearity, and is easy to produce relaxation and stress loss. The stress and working state of the bridge inhaul cable are one of important marks for directly reflecting whether the bridge is in normal operation. During design and construction, the bridge inhaul cable force needs to be detected and optimized so that the tower and the beam are in an optimal stress state. After the bridge is formed, the change of the cable force is required to be continuously monitored, the working state of the inhaul cable is known, and the inhaul cable is timely adjusted, so that the inhaul cable meets the design requirement. The requirements in the industry standard CJJ99-2003 "City bridge maintenance technical Specification" 5.9.5 of the people's republic of China are: "Cable force must be measured once a year, and the last cable force to be adjusted after the bridge is completed should be compared with the design cable force. The recommended standard JTG/T J-2011 of the industry of the people's republic of China (highway bridge bearing capacity detection and assessment procedure) explicitly indicates that the cable force is one of main loading test items of the cable-stayed bridge and the suspension bridge and is one of important parameters reflecting the bridge state. Therefore, bridge cable force detection service is an indispensable detection project and basic capability of each detection mechanism.
1) Jack manometer measuring method
At present, hydraulic jacks are used for stretching the inhaul cable. Because the tensioning cylinder of the jack has a direct relation with the tensioning force, the hydraulic pressure of the tensioning cylinder can be measured through a precise pressure gauge or a hydraulic pressure sensor, and the cable force can be obtained.
2) Pressure sensor measurement method
When the inhaul cable is tensioned, the tensioning force of the jack is transmitted to the inhaul cable anchorage device through the connecting rod, the through type pressure sensor is sleeved on the connecting rod, and the pressure sensor can output voltage after being pressed, so that the tensioning force of the jack can be read out on the secondary instrument.
3) Cable force dynamic measuring instrument method
According to the characteristic that a corresponding relation exists between the cable force and the vibration frequency of the cable, when parameters such as the length of the cable, the constraint condition of two ends and the distribution quality are known, a high-sensitivity frequency sensor is arranged on the cable to detect the vibration signal of the cable under vibration excitation, the self-vibration frequency of the cable can be measured after digital signal processing, and the cable force is obtained. Because of its convenience, most engineering applications use cable force measuring instruments for measurement.
4) Magnetic flux measurement method
The magnetic flux measuring method is used for measuring the cable force of the inhaul cable based on the magneto-elastic effect principle of the ferromagnetic material, when the external force acts on the inhaul cable, the ferromagnetic material internally generates mechanical stress or strain, the magnetic permeability of the ferromagnetic material correspondingly changes, and the change of the stress (or cable force) is reflected by measuring the change of the magnetic permeability.
The prior art has the following disadvantages:
1) The method is not suitable for dynamic measurement and long-term measurement of the cable force of the cable after bridge formation. The pointer deflection is too fast, the pointer shake is violent, the artificial random error exists in the reading process, the oil does not return to zero, and the like, and meanwhile, the guy cable is already stretched after bridging, so that the guy cable is inconvenient to take off and install the manometer, and the method is not suitable for dynamic measurement and long-term measurement after bridging.
2) Expensive. The pressure sensor has the problems of quite high price, short service life, poor dynamic response and the like, so that the measuring method is only suitable for specific occasions.
3) The measurement capability cannot meet the demand. In 2006 Wu Kangxiong, etc. it is pointed out that the vibration signal of the cable is a composite vibration signal composed of multivibrator signals, the vibration frequency of the cable is generally (0.3-50) Hz, and the high frequency component is liable to cause mixing phenomenon during instrument sampling, and should be filtered. According to the model parameters of the high-strength steel wire inhaul cable provided by GB/T18365 technical condition of hot extrusion polyethylene high-strength steel wire inhaul cable of cable-stayed bridge, the model of the ultra-thin and ultra-thick inhaul cable is selected, an ANSYS finite element model is established, the self-vibration characteristics of the inhaul cable are subjected to numerical simulation, the density, the sectional area, the diameter, the elastic modulus, the Poisson's ratio and the cable force of the inhaul cable are constant, the cable length is simulated and calculated from 10m to 200m by taking 1m as a step length, the 1-order inherent self-vibration frequency ranges are (14.39307-0.69740) Hz and (16.28878-0.71355) Hz respectively, and the cable length and the frequency are in inverse proportion. Obviously, the cable force measurement is carried out by adopting a cable force measuring instrument method, the measuring range of the vibration sensor is required to cover the low frequency range of 0.3 Hz-10 Hz, the sensor with the measuring capability is quite expensive, and the sensor is not generally arranged.
4) The accuracy of the measurement results is low. The magnetic flux method has lower measurement accuracy due to the fact that the technology is not developed in place, and cannot meet the actual engineering requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problems to be solved by the application
The measuring capability can cover long ropes with lower vibration frequency;
the method can be applied to detection and monitoring of bridge construction and bridge formation;
the measurement accuracy is improved.
The device for measuring the cable force of the inhaul cable mainly comprises a data analysis unit, a displacement measurement unit, a vibration transmission unit and the like, and a hardware connection diagram is shown as 1.
The stay cable capturing unit can tightly lock the stay cable, so that the stay cable capturing unit does not move on the stay cable during working. The inhaul cable capturing unit is provided with an inhaul cable capturing unit joint. The vibration transmission unit can be installed on the stay cable capturing unit connector, and vibration of the stay cable is transmitted to the device to which the stay cable capturing unit belongs. The vibration transmission unit is fixed through the auxiliary support, so that the vibration transmission unit and the auxiliary support are kept horizontal, and the vibration transmission unit can generate horizontal displacement with the auxiliary support. The lower end of the vibration transmission unit is connected with a main sliding groove. The main sliding unit is horizontally movable in the long side direction in the main sliding groove. The main rotating rod is connected to the main sliding unit and forms an included angle with the auxiliary rotating rod. The junction of main dwang and follow dwang is the rotation connecting piece, rotates the connecting piece and makes the relative position between main dwang and the follow dwang unchanged, and main dwang and follow the structure that the dwang formed can regard rotation connecting piece as the centre of a circle to carry out rotary motion. The other end of the slave rotating rod is connected with a slave sliding unit. The slave slide unit is mounted in the slave slide groove, and is horizontally movable in the slave slide groove in the longitudinal direction. Is connected to the displacement head from one end of the sliding groove. The displacement head moves on the displacement measuring unit. The displacement measuring unit measures the displacement of the displacement head and transmits displacement information to the data analysis unit. The data analysis unit has the functions of displaying displacement curves, displaying spectrograms, displaying frequencies, displaying cable force values and calculating data. The main body base is used for fixing the displacement measuring unit, the rotating support and the auxiliary support.
The main sliding groove can be an air floatation guide rail or a magnetic floatation guide rail, so that the friction-free and vibration-free smooth movement of the main sliding unit on the main sliding groove is realized. The auxiliary sliding groove can be an air-float guide rail or a magnetic-float guide rail, so that the auxiliary sliding unit can smoothly move on the auxiliary sliding groove without friction and vibration.
The displacement measuring unit can be selected from a high-precision grating ruler, a capacitive grating type digital displacement sensor, a laser ranging sensor, a stay wire encoder and the like.
The data analysis unit can be selected from a computer, an industrial personal computer, a singlechip, a mobile phone and the like.
The utility model discloses a stay cable catches unit, stay cable catches unit joint, vibration transfer unit and auxiliary stand for the vibration of equivalent transmission stay cable.
The utility model discloses a main sliding unit, main sliding tray, main dwang, runing rest, rotation connecting piece, follow dwang, follow sliding unit, follow sliding tray and displacement head for according to the vibration of certain ratio transmission cable. Wherein the ratio is in positive correlation with the length of the master rotating rod and the slave rotating rod; if the length L and the rotation angle theta of the main rotating rod are set, the vertical distance of the movement of the main rotating rod isThis can also be deduced from the swivelling levers.
The data analysis unit records displacement information transmitted by the displacement measurement unit, draws a time-course curve, calculates the multi-order frequency of the vibration of the tested inhaul cable by wavelet change, and calculates the cable force value of the tested inhaul cable by the multi-order frequency based on the string vibration theory.
The stay cable capturing unit can be a pair of semi-cylindrical rings, and the inner diameter of each semi-cylindrical ring is the same as the outer diameter of the measured stay cable. The vibration transfer unit may be a rigid optical axis. The auxiliary support is vertical to the ground, and the moving direction of the displacement head is vertical to the ground.
The initialization means that the indication value of the displacement measuring unit is reset to zero, the record of the data analysis unit is cleared to zero, and the main rotating rod and the auxiliary rotating rod reach balance. Balancing means that the master and slave swivelling levers do not rotate without the cable vibrating. In order to achieve balance, the positions of the main rotating rod, the auxiliary rotating rod, the main sliding groove and the auxiliary sliding groove can be adjusted by hands. The angle theta is the angle of the main rotating rod rotating clockwise around the rotating connecting piece as the center of a circle. 5. The displacement head is moved on the displacement measuring unit.
The technical scheme flow chart of the device and the method for measuring the inhaul cable force is shown in fig. 2.
The device for measuring the cable force of the inhaul cable comprises a data analysis unit, a displacement measurement unit, a vibration transmission unit and the like.
The implementation process of the overall technical scheme is as follows:
(1) Install the cable capture unit to the cable of being surveyed for the cable capture unit closely laminates with the cable of being surveyed.
(2) The main body base is placed on a smooth ground surface and enables the long side of the vibration transmission unit to be perpendicular to the ground surface.
(3) The device is electrified and initialized, and the main rotating rod and the auxiliary rotating rod reach an equilibrium state.
(4) The tested inhaul cable is excited by hammering and the like, so that the inhaul cable vibrates.
(5) The vibration transmission unit generates up-and-down displacement along with the vibration of the inhaul cable, and the displacement direction is parallel to the auxiliary bracket.
(6) The main sliding groove is displaced by the push-pull force generated by the movement of the vibration transmission unit, so that the main sliding unit is forced to reciprocate left and right in the main sliding groove, and the movement direction is parallel to the main sliding groove.
(7) The movement of the main sliding unit drives the main rotating rod to do reciprocating rotation around the connecting piece.
(8) The slave rotating rod rotates reciprocally due to the rotation of the master rotating rod, and the rotation direction is kept consistent with the rotation direction of the master rotating rod.
(9) When the slave rotating rod rotates reciprocally, the slave sliding unit is driven to generate displacement.
(10) The slave sliding unit reciprocates left and right in the slave sliding groove, and the movement direction is horizontal to the slave sliding groove.
(11) The force applied from the sliding unit is received from the sliding groove, so that the displacement head is driven to reciprocate along the vertical direction;
(12) The displacement measuring unit measures the movement of the displacement head.
(13) The displacement measuring unit transmits the measured displacement information to the data analyzing unit.
(14) The data analysis unit displays a time course curve of the displacement in real time according to the displacement data transmitted by the displacement measurement unit.
(15) The data analysis unit calculates and draws a spectrogram by adopting algorithms such as FFT and the like.
(16) The data analysis unit calculates the frequency and the cable force value of the displacement curve by adopting algorithms such as wavelet transformation based on the string vibration theory.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus
In the figure, 1 is a tested cable, 2 is a cable capturing unit, 3 is a cable capturing unit connector, 4 is a vibration transmission unit, 5 is an auxiliary bracket, 6 is a main sliding unit, 7 is a main sliding groove, 8 is a main rotating rod, 9 is a rotating bracket, 10 is a rotating connecting piece, 11 is a slave rotating rod, 12 is a slave sliding unit, 13 is a slave sliding groove, 14 is a displacement head, 15 is a displacement measuring unit, 16 is a main body base, and 17 is a data analysis unit.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an apparatus and method for measuring cable force
Figure 3 shows an example 1 flow chart.
Detailed Description
Referring to the flowchart of example 1 shown in fig. 3, the implementation process of the technical scheme of example 1 is as follows:
(1) Install the cable capture unit to the cable of being surveyed for the cable capture unit closely laminates with the cable of being surveyed.
(2) The main body base is placed on a smooth ground surface and enables the long side of the vibration transmission unit to be perpendicular to the ground surface.
(3) The device is electrified and initialized, and the main rotating rod and the auxiliary rotating rod reach an equilibrium state.
(4) The tested inhaul cable is excited by hammering and the like, so that the inhaul cable vibrates.
(5) The vibration condition of the inhaul cable is amplified and transmitted to the displacement head through a certain amplitude of the device, and the displacement measuring unit of the device measures the displacement condition of the displacement head and transmits the displacement condition to the data analyzing unit of the device.
(6) The data analysis unit displays a time course curve of the displacement in real time according to the displacement data transmitted by the displacement measurement unit, and calculates a cable force value of the displacement curve by adopting algorithms such as wavelet transformation based on a string vibration theory.
This patent has realized the cable force measurement to the less condition of cable amplitude. The device has the vibration amplification function, can amplify the tiny vibration of the inhaul cable in proportion, and is convenient for measuring and recording the vibration by adopting the displacement measuring unit. This patent can effectively detect the low frequency vibration of cable, has solved vibration sensor and has measured the extremely poor problem of ability under the low frequency, can directly detect out the fundamental frequency vibration. The cost of the patent is lower than that of the current common method.
The patent discloses a device and a method for measuring cable force under the condition of low cable vibration frequency.
In the existing method for measuring the cable force by the cable force dynamic measuring instrument, the vibration sensor has extremely poor measuring capability in the low frequency range of 0.3 Hz-10 Hz, and the cable force value is calculated by calculating the frequency difference among different order frequencies as the cable vibration fundamental frequency after the vibration frequency is measured by the vibration pickup. According to a large number of experiments and literature records, the maximum measurement error of the traditional cable force measuring instrument for measuring the cable force can reach 2.1%, and the measurement error of the traditional method is larger and cannot meet the actual requirements. The maximum measurement error of this patent is about 1.5%.
Claims (6)
1. An apparatus for measuring a cable force, comprising: the device comprises a tested inhaul cable, an inhaul cable capturing unit joint, a vibration transmission unit, an auxiliary bracket, a main sliding unit, a main sliding groove, a main rotating rod, a rotating bracket, a rotating connecting piece, a slave rotating rod, a slave sliding unit, a slave sliding groove, a displacement head, a displacement measuring unit, a main body base and a data analysis unit, wherein the tested inhaul cable is captured by the inhaul cable;
the inhaul cable capturing unit can tightly lock the inhaul cable, so that the inhaul cable does not move on the inhaul cable when the inhaul cable capturing unit works; the inhaul cable capturing unit is provided with an inhaul cable capturing unit joint; the vibration transmission unit can be arranged on the joint of the inhaul cable capturing unit; the vibration transmission unit is fixed through the auxiliary bracket, so that the vibration transmission unit and the auxiliary bracket are kept horizontal, and the vibration transmission unit can generate horizontal displacement with the auxiliary bracket; the lower end of the vibration transmission unit is connected with a main sliding groove; the main sliding unit can horizontally move along the long side direction in the main sliding groove; the main rotating rod is connected to the main sliding unit and forms an included angle with the auxiliary rotating rod; the connection part of the main rotating rod and the auxiliary rotating rod is a rotating connecting piece, the relative position between the main rotating rod and the auxiliary rotating rod is not changed by the rotating connecting piece, and the structure formed by the main rotating rod and the auxiliary rotating rod can rotate by taking the rotating connecting piece as the circle center; the other end of the slave rotating rod is connected with a slave sliding unit; the slave sliding unit is arranged in the slave sliding groove and can horizontally move in the long side direction in the slave sliding groove; one end of the sliding groove is connected to the displacement head; the displacement head moves on the displacement measuring unit; the displacement measuring unit is used for measuring the displacement of the displacement head and transmitting displacement information to the data analysis unit; the data analysis unit has the functions of displaying a displacement curve, a spectrogram, a frequency, a cable force value and data calculation; the main body base is used for fixing the displacement measuring unit, the rotating support and the auxiliary support.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the main sliding groove or the auxiliary sliding groove is an air-float guide rail or a magnetic-float guide rail.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the displacement measuring unit is capable of selecting a high-precision grating scale, a capacitive grating digital displacement sensor, a laser ranging sensor or a wire-drawing encoder.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the data analysis unit is capable of selecting a computer or a cell phone.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the main sliding unit, the main sliding groove, the main rotating rod, the rotating bracket, the rotating connector, the auxiliary rotating rod, the auxiliary sliding unit, the auxiliary sliding groove and the displacement head are used for transmitting the vibration of the inhaul cable according to a certain ratio; wherein the ratio is in positive correlation with the length of the master rotating rod and the slave rotating rod; if the length L and the rotation angle theta of the main rotating rod are set, the vertical distance of the movement of the main rotating rod is
6. A method for applying the device according to any of claims 1-5, characterized by the following implementation procedure:
(1) The cable capturing unit is mounted on the tested cable, so that the cable capturing unit is tightly attached to the tested cable;
(2) Placing the main body base on a smooth ground surface and enabling the long side of the vibration transmission unit to be perpendicular to the ground surface;
(3) The device is electrified and initialized, and the main rotating rod and the auxiliary rotating rod reach an equilibrium state;
(4) Exciting the cable to be tested to enable the cable to vibrate;
(5) The vibration transmission unit generates up-and-down displacement along with the vibration of the inhaul cable, and the displacement direction is parallel to the auxiliary bracket;
(6) The main sliding groove is subjected to push-pull force generated by the movement of the vibration transmission unit and is displaced, so that the main sliding unit is forced to generate left-right reciprocating motion in the main sliding groove, and the motion direction is parallel to the main sliding groove;
(7) The movement of the main sliding unit drives the main rotating rod to reciprocally rotate around the connecting piece;
(8) The slave rotating rod rotates reciprocally due to the rotation of the master rotating rod, and the rotation direction is consistent with the rotation direction of the master rotating rod;
(9) When the slave rotating rod rotates reciprocally, the slave sliding unit is driven to generate displacement;
(10) The secondary sliding unit makes left-right reciprocating motion in the secondary sliding groove, and the motion direction is horizontal to the secondary sliding groove;
(11) The force applied from the sliding unit is received from the sliding groove, so that the displacement head is driven to reciprocate along the vertical direction;
(12) The displacement measuring unit measures the movement condition of the displacement head;
(13) The displacement measuring unit transmits the measured displacement information to the data analysis unit;
(14) The data analysis unit displays a time course curve of the displacement in real time according to the displacement data transmitted by the displacement measurement unit;
(15) The data analysis unit calculates and draws a spectrogram;
(16) The data analysis unit calculates the frequency and cable force value of the displacement curve.
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| CN109596257B (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2024-03-08 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | Force nondestructive in-situ measurement device and method |
| CN110455453A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-11-15 | 广西大学 | A kind of mobile vibration-testing apparatus and cable tension test method |
| CN112381190B (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-04-29 | 中交第二航务工程局有限公司 | Cable force testing method based on mobile phone image recognition |
| CN114353861B (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2024-07-09 | 中国矿业大学 | Comprehensive detection device and method for suspension bridge sling and cable clamp state |
| CN114518225B (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2023-03-14 | 云南大学 | Rope clamp anti-sliding bearing capacity test device and method based on boom tensioning |
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