CN108144131A - 一种载药植入医疗器械及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种载药植入医疗器械及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108144131A
CN108144131A CN201711405582.1A CN201711405582A CN108144131A CN 108144131 A CN108144131 A CN 108144131A CN 201711405582 A CN201711405582 A CN 201711405582A CN 108144131 A CN108144131 A CN 108144131A
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medicine
preparation
medicine groove
medical device
load medicine
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陈陆
胡燕
李俊菲
王玄
胡启凤
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Shanghai Microport Medical Group Co Ltd
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Shanghai Microport Medical Group Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201711405582.1A priority Critical patent/CN108144131A/zh
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Priority to EP18893291.7A priority patent/EP3730164A4/en
Priority to JP2020534257A priority patent/JP2021506467A/ja
Priority to US16/957,029 priority patent/US20210128797A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2018/100916 priority patent/WO2019119834A1/zh
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Abstract

本发明属于医疗器械技术领域,具体涉及一种载药植入医疗器械及其制备方法。其包括本体和分布在本体表面的载药凹槽,至少一个所述载药凹槽含有固体药物,所述固体药物为晶体,或者为晶体与不定型体共存的方式存在。所述制备方法是通过溶液结晶法使所述载药凹槽内含有所述固体药物。本发明提供的技术方案,克服了现有技术中普遍采用聚合物涂层载药带来的临床风险,实现无聚合物药物支架的设计,同时能够实现对药物释放的控制,达到与含聚合物涂层的药物支架相同的药物释放效果。

Description

一种载药植入医疗器械及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于医疗器械技术领域,具体涉及一种载药植入医疗器械及其制备方法。
背景技术
心血管疾病是影响人体健康的重要疾病,自从美国强生公司的Cypher药物支架2003年被美国FDA批准上市,药物洗脱支架(drug-eluting stent,DES)已经被广泛应用,是继金属裸支架之后被誉为介入心脏病学领域的又一个里程碑,开创了介入心脏病学的新纪元。大规模随机、双盲临床试验显示药物洗脱支架能够显著降低支架内再狭窄(restenosis,RS)和主要心脏不良事件(MACE)的发生。
目前大多数药物支架是在支架基体表面涂覆涂层材料,将药物载于涂层之中,通过涂层将药物与支架基体结合在一起,并控制药物的释放,所述涂层也称为药物载体。但这种方式载药使得药物分布于整个支架基体表面,药物释放方向不能得到有效控制,会造成一部分药物不能被血管壁吸收。药物载体通常采用聚合物涂层,容易导致血管内的炎症反应。此外,涂敷在支架形状改变较大地方的药物涂层,在支架推送和扩张过程中容易脱落,脱落的涂层块随血液流动,容易形成血栓,造成危害。CN 101879102A公开了一种凹槽携载式涂层可降解型药物洗脱支架,包括支架本体和药物涂层,所述支架本体的外表面开有载药凹槽,所述药物涂层涂敷在所述载药凹槽内,所述药物涂层包括生物可降解聚合物和活性药物。涂层中的聚合物能够起到控制药物释放的作用。
上述方法,能够解决涂层与支架的结合问题,同时使得药物向血管壁靶向释放,提高了药物支架在使用过程中的有效性和安全性。但该方式仍然需要利用聚合物携带药物。在长期植入人体后,由于其表面的聚合物的长期存在或聚合物的降解过程,会导致持续的炎症反应,进而可能导致血管内皮化延迟和晚期血管再狭窄的风险。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种载药植入医疗器械及其制备方法,用以解决目前植入医疗器械必须依赖药物载体将药物负载在医疗器械表面并进行释药控制,从而带来临床风险的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案是:所述载药植入医疗器械,包括本体和分布在本体表面的载药凹槽,至少一个所述载药凹槽含有固体药物,所述固体药物为晶体,或者为晶体与不定型体共存的方式存在。
可选地,所述固体药物为紫杉醇、西罗莫司(Sirolimus)和西罗莫司衍生物中的一种或一种以上。
可选地,所述西罗莫司衍生物为依维莫司(Everolimus)或佐他莫司
(Zotarolimus)。
可选地,所述载药凹槽的深度为5~100μm,优选15~75μm。
可选地,所述载药凹槽的槽口面积为200μm2~75000μm2,优选2000μm2~15000μm2,最优选4000μm2~8000μm2
可选地,所述载药凹槽的槽口为长条形、椭圆形或圆形。所述载药凹槽的分布可以是规律排布或随机排布,可以是连续的或不连续的,可以遍布本体表面或仅在某些区域存在,可以是密度均一的分布,也可以是分区域疏密不同的方式分布。
可选地,所述本体的材质选自金属、陶瓷、碳素和高分子聚合物中的一种或一种以上,优选地,所述本体的材质选自钴基合金、不锈钢、钛合金、活性陶瓷、碳素和聚乳酸中的一种或一种以上。
本发明还提供了上述载药植入医疗器械的制备方法,通过溶液结晶法使所述载药凹槽内含有所述固体药物。
可选地,所述溶液结晶法是指将活性药物在混合溶剂中溶解获得药物溶液,将所述药物溶液设置在所述载药凹槽内,待溶剂蒸发,获得载药凹槽内含有所述固体药物的植入医疗器械。
可选地,所述混合溶剂包括A溶剂和B溶剂,所述A溶剂选自丙酮、异丙醇、甲醇或乙醇,优选异丙醇或乙醇,所述B溶剂选自正庚烷、乙腈、乙酸正丙酯或乙酸乙酯,优选正庚烷或乙酸正丙酯。
可选地,所述A溶剂和B溶剂的体积比为2:1~1:99。
可选地,所述药物溶液中活性药物所占质量百分比为0.1%~20%,优选2%~10%。
可选地,所述药物溶液通过两次以上喷滴和溶剂挥发或蒸发过程,分批设置在载药凹槽内。
可选地,所述喷滴过程的环境温度为20℃~40℃,优选20℃~30℃。
可选地,单次所述喷滴的药物溶液的量为300-600pL,通过2-25次喷滴完成。
本发明提供的技术方案,克服了现有技术中普遍采用聚合物涂层载药带来的临床风险,实现无聚合物载药植入医疗器械的设计,例如药物支架,同时能够实现对药物释放的控制,在显著提高安全性的同时,达到与含聚合物涂层的载药植入医疗器械相同的药物释放效果。
附图说明
图1是现有技术中一支架本体的结构示意图;
图2是图1中支架本体上载药凹槽与固体药物的示意图;
图3是实施例1中载药支架的电镜图;
图4是实施例1中载药凹槽中固体药物的电镜图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解,下面结合实施例阐述载药植入医疗器械,应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
为了便于说明,下面仅以一具体支架对本发明的技术方案的实现进行解释说明,其他形式的载药植入医疗器械可参考实现。
本发明所涉及的医疗器械可以是植入体内的器械或体外器械。该器械可以短期暂时使用,或者长期永久性植入。在某些实施方式中,合适的器械是那些通常用于为心律失调、心力衰竭、瓣膜性疾病、血管病、糖尿病、神经疾病和失调症、整型外科、神经外科、肿瘤学、眼科学和ENT手术提供医疗和/或诊断的器械。本发明所涉及的医疗器械包括但不限于以下设备:支架、支架移植物、吻合连接器、合成贴片、引线、电极、针、导线、导管、传感器、手术仪器、血管成形球、创口引流管、分流管(shunt)、管子、输液套简(infusion sleeve)、尿道插管、小球、植入物、血液充氧发生器、泵、脉管移植物、埋入式介入药盒(vascularaccess port)、心瓣膜、瓣环成形术环、缝合线、手术夹、手术钉、起博器、可植入去纤颤器、神经刺激器、整型外科器械、脑脊髓液分流管、可植入药泵、椎笼、人造椎间盘、髓核的替代器械、耳管、眼内晶状体和在介入手术中使用的任何管。
如图1所示,支架本体的材质为钴铬合金,由多个主支撑单元环1、8和连接单元环的连接杆4、6组成,主支撑单元环由多个单元波构成;单元波由圆弧段的加强环9和波杆段的直杆段10、过渡段(如3、5、7)组成,直杆段10的外表面开有可装载药物的载药凹槽2;主支撑单元环的单元波中直杆段10的宽度为96μm,加强环9的宽度为91μm;过渡段平滑衔接直杆段10与加强环9;支架本体的厚度为100μm。
利用激光切割技术切割出槽口为长方形的载药凹槽2,载药凹槽的深度为30μm,槽口面积为200μm2~75000μm2,优选2000μm2~15000μm2,最优选4000μm2~8000μm2,经过工艺处理后待用。需要指出的是,所述载药凹槽的槽口还可以是正方形、椭圆形、圆形或其他不规则图形,所述载药凹槽的分布可以是规律排布或随机排布,可以是连续的或不连续的,可以遍布本体表面或仅在某些区域存在,可以是密度均一的分布,也可以是分区域疏密不同的方式分布。
总的来说,在载药凹槽内负载固体药物的方法如下:
将活性药物溶解在混合溶剂中,过滤后,准确喷滴至载药凹槽内,待溶剂挥发或蒸发,干燥后得到载药凹槽内含有全部或部分结晶的固体药物的药物支架。
如图2所示,其中固体药物11位于金属支架杆表面的载药凹槽2内。
可选地,活性药物溶解在混合溶剂中获得的药物溶液,通过两次以上喷滴和溶剂挥发或蒸发过程,分批设置在所述载药凹槽内,如此可以获得具有不同的载药量或者特定药物释放曲线的药物支架。
具体配置和结晶过程如以下实施例详细说明。
实施例1
取西罗莫司置于10ml甲醇-乙酸正丙酯(体积比1:70)中,在40℃环境中放置1h后,过滤,获得药物溶液,所述药物溶液中西罗莫司的质量百分比为5%,将其准确喷滴入支架本体的载药凹槽2中,控制滴入液滴的体积为500皮升
(pL),然后将其置于20℃环境中,待溶剂自然挥发或蒸发后,再重复喷滴,每个槽反复5次。整个过程完成后,将支架辐照灭菌后得到所述无药物载体的支架,如图3和4的电镜照片所示,所述无药物载体的支架存在结晶性固体药物。
实施例2
取西罗莫司置于10ml乙醇-乙酸正丙酯(1:2)中,在40℃环境中放置1h后,过滤,获得药物溶液,所述药物溶液中西罗莫司的质量百分比为1%,将其准确喷滴入支架基体的载药凹槽2中,控制滴入液滴的体积为500皮升(pL),然后将其置于20℃环境中,待溶剂挥发或蒸发后,再重复喷滴,每个槽反复25次。整个过程完成后,将支架辐照灭菌后得到所述无药物载体的支架。
实施例3
取西罗莫司置于10ml丙酮-正庚烷(1:5)中,在35℃环境中放置1h后,过滤,获得药物溶液,所述药物溶液中西罗莫司的质量百分比为1%,将其准确滴入支架基体的载药凹槽2中,控制滴入液滴的体积为500皮升(pL),支架基体置于25℃环境中,待溶剂挥发或蒸发后,再重复喷滴,每个槽反复25次。整个过程完成后,将支架辐照灭菌后得到所述无药物载体的支架。
实施例4
取西罗莫司置于10ml异丙醇-正庚烷(1:1)中,在35℃环境中放置1h后,过滤,获得药物溶液,所述药物溶液中西罗莫司的质量百分比为1%,将其准确滴入支架基体的载药凹槽2中,控制滴入液滴的体积为500皮升(pL),然后将其置于25℃环境中,待溶剂挥发或蒸发后,再重复喷滴,每个槽反复25次。整个过程完成后,将支架辐照灭菌后得到所述无药物载体的支架。
实施例5
取紫杉醇置于10ml丙酮-乙酸乙酯(1:2)中,在35℃环境中放置2h后,过滤,获得药物溶液,所述药物溶液中紫杉醇的质量百分比为1%,将其准确滴入支架基体的载药凹槽2中,控制滴入液滴的体积为600皮升(pL),支架基体置于25℃环境中,待溶剂挥发或蒸发后,再重复喷滴,每个槽反复2次。整个过程完成后,将支架辐照灭菌后得到所述无药物载体的支架。
实施例6
取紫杉醇置于10ml丙酮-乙腈(2:1)中,在35℃环境中放置2h后,过滤,获得药物溶液,所述药物溶液中紫杉醇的质量百分比为6%,将其准确滴入支架基体的载药凹槽2中,控制滴入液滴的体积为300皮升(pL),支架基体置于20℃环境中,待溶剂挥发或蒸发后,再重复喷滴,每个槽反复2次。整个过程完成后,将支架辐照灭菌后得到所述无药物载体的支架。
实施例7
取紫杉醇置于10ml异丙醇-乙酸正丙酯(1:80)中,在35℃环境中放置2h后,过滤,获得药物溶液,所述药物溶液中紫杉醇的质量百分比为3%,将其准确喷滴入支架本体的载药凹槽2中,控制滴入液滴的体积为300皮升(pL),然后将其置于20℃环境中,待溶剂挥发或蒸发后,再重复喷滴,每个槽反复2次。整个过程完成后,将支架辐照灭菌后得到所述无药物载体的支架。
实施例8
取佐他莫司置于10ml异丙醇-乙酸正丙酯(1:1)中,在30℃环境中放置0.5h后,过滤,获得药物溶液,所述药物溶液中佐他莫司的质量百分比为10%,将其准确喷滴入支架基体的载药凹槽2中,控制滴入液滴的体积为300皮升(pL),然后将其置于20℃环境中,待溶剂挥发或蒸发后,再重复喷滴,每个槽反复9次。整个过程完成后,将支架辐照灭菌后得到所述无药物载体的支架。
实施例9
取佐他莫司置于10ml异丙醇-乙酸正丙酯(2:1)中,在30℃环境中放置0.5h后,过滤,获得药物溶液,所述药物溶液中佐他莫司的质量百分比为10%,将其准确喷滴入支架基体的载药凹槽2中,控制滴入液滴的体积为300皮升(pL),支架基体置于20℃环境中,待溶剂挥发或蒸发后,再重复喷滴,每个槽反复9次。整个过程完成后,将支架辐照灭菌后得到所述无药物载体的支架。
实施例10
取佐他莫司置于10ml异丙醇-乙酸正丙酯(2:1)中,在20℃环境中放置0.5h后,过滤,获得药物溶液,所述药物溶液中佐他莫司的质量百分比为10%,将其准确喷滴入支架基体的载药凹槽2中,控制滴入液滴的体积为300皮升(pL),然后将其置于20℃环境中,待溶剂挥发或蒸发后,再重复喷滴,每个槽反复9次。整个过程完成后,将支架辐照灭菌后得到所述无药物载体的支架。
实施例11
取佐他莫司置于10ml异丙醇-乙酸正丙酯(1:10)中,在20℃环境中放置0.5h后,过滤,获得药物溶液,所述药物溶液中佐他莫司的质量百分比为20%,将其准确喷滴入支架基体的载药凹槽2中,控制滴入液滴的体积为350皮升(pL),然后将其置于20℃环境中,待溶剂挥发或蒸发后,再重复喷滴,每个槽反复4次。整个过程完成后,将支架辐照灭菌后得到所述无药物载体的支架。
实施例12
取佐他莫司置于10ml异丙醇-乙酸正丙酯(1:50)中,在25℃环境中放置0.5h后,过滤,获得药物溶液,所述药物溶液中佐他莫司的质量百分比为20%,将其准确喷滴入支架基体的载药凹槽2中,控制滴入液滴的体积为350皮升(pL),然后将其置于20℃环境中,待溶剂挥发或蒸发后,再重复喷滴,每个槽反复4次。整个过程完成后,将支架辐照灭菌后得到所述无药物载体的支架。
实施例13
取佐他莫司置于10ml异丙醇-乙酸正丙酯(1:99)中,在30℃环境中放置0.5h后,过滤,获得药物溶液,所述药物溶液中佐他莫司的质量百分比为10%,将其准确喷滴入支架基体的载药凹槽-2中,控制滴入液滴的体积为400皮升(pL),然后将其置于20℃环境中,待溶剂挥发或蒸发后,再重复喷滴,每个槽反复7次。整个过程完成后,将支架辐照灭菌后得到所述无药物载体的支架。
实施例14对比实验
对比例:CN 101879102 A公开方法制备的含聚合物涂层支架
将按照上述实施例方法制备的无药物载体的载药支架与对比例载药支架进行药物体外释放实验做对比。
体外释放方法:
以5%十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)水溶液为释放介质,采用《中国药典》的小杯法进行药物释放实验,温度:37℃,转速100rpm,于1h、8h、24h、3d、7d、14d取液测试,结果如下表1所示:
表1
表1中的对比实验结果表明,本发明提供的技术方案通过结晶完全可以替代原有通过药物载体实现载药并缓释的技术效果,而同时与含有药物载体的方案相比来看,可以完全解决药物载体导致的临床炎症反应,以及进而可能带来的血管内皮化延迟和晚期血管再狭窄的风险。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制。尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换,而这些修改或替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (12)

1.一种载药植入医疗器械,其特征在于,包括本体和分布在本体表面的载药凹槽,至少一个所述载药凹槽含有固体药物,所述固体药物为晶体,或者为晶体与不定型体共存的方式存在。
2.根据权利要求1所述载药植入医疗器械,其特征在于,所述固体药物为紫杉醇、西罗莫司和西罗莫司衍生物中的一种或一种以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述载药植入医疗器械,其特征在于,所述载药凹槽的深度为5~100μm,优选15~75μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述载药植入医疗器械,其特征在于,所述载药凹槽的槽口面积为200μm2~75000μm2,优选2000μm2~15000μm2,最优选4000μm2~8000μm2
5.权利要求1-4任一所述载药植入医疗器械的制备方法,其特征在于,通过溶液结晶法使所述载药凹槽内含有所述固体药物。
6.根据权利要求5所述制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶液结晶法是指活性药物在混合溶剂中溶解获得药物溶液,将所述药物溶液设置在所述载药凹槽内,待溶剂挥发或蒸发,获得载药凹槽内含有全部或部分结晶的固体药物的植入医疗器械。
7.根据权利要求6所述制备方法,其特征在于,所述混合溶剂包括A溶剂和B溶剂,所述A溶剂选自丙酮、异丙醇、甲醇或乙醇,优选异丙醇或乙醇,所述B溶剂选自正庚烷、乙腈、乙酸正丙酯或乙酸乙酯,优选正庚烷或乙酸正丙酯。
8.根据权利要求7所述制备方法,其特征在于,所述A溶剂和B溶剂的体积比为2:1~1:99。
9.根据权利要求6所述制备方法,其特征在于,所述药物溶液中所述活性药物所占质量百分比为0.1%~20%,优选2%~10%。
10.根据权利要求6所述制备方法,其特征在于,所述药物溶液通过两次以上喷滴和溶剂挥发或蒸发过程,分批设置在所述载药凹槽内。
11.根据权利要求10所述制备方法,其特征在于,所述喷滴过程的环境温度为20℃~40℃,优选25℃~30℃。
12.根据权利要求10所述制备方法,其特征在于,单次所述喷滴的药物溶液的量为300-600pL,通过2-25次喷滴完成。
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