CN108139190A - 穿甲弹以及次口径射弹 - Google Patents

穿甲弹以及次口径射弹 Download PDF

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CN108139190A
CN108139190A CN201680058057.4A CN201680058057A CN108139190A CN 108139190 A CN108139190 A CN 108139190A CN 201680058057 A CN201680058057 A CN 201680058057A CN 108139190 A CN108139190 A CN 108139190A
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armor
piercing bullet
bullet
piercing
tip
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M·伯格
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Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/08—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with armour-piercing caps; with armoured cupola
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B33/00—Manufacture of ammunition; Dismantling of ammunition; Apparatus therefor
    • F42B33/001—Devices or processes for assembling ammunition, cartridges or cartridge elements from parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/02—Stabilising arrangements
    • F42B10/04—Stabilising arrangements using fixed fins

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种穿甲弹(10)和容纳该穿甲弹(10)的次口径弹药或者说射弹(2)。按照本发明的穿甲弹特征在于，所述穿甲弹在前部区域(13)中具有接口(14)。通过所述几何接口(14)，按照本发明提供的基本穿甲弹(11)能够设有不同的穿甲弹尖端(15、16、17)并且补充成独特的KE穿甲弹(10)。

Description

穿甲弹以及次口径射弹
技术领域
本发明涉及一种穿甲弹和一种容纳该穿甲弹的次口径弹药或者说射弹。按照本发明的穿甲弹的特征在于，所述穿甲弹在前部区域中具有接口。通过该几何接口，按照本发明提供的基本穿甲弹可以设有不同的穿甲弹尖端并且被补充成可独特构造的KE穿甲弹。基本穿甲弹以及穿甲弹尖端都可被看作模块。通过这种模块化的结构，通过附接穿甲弹尖端的新的模块，穿甲弹即使在就地的情况下也可以专门针对目标进行扩充。
背景技术
EP1000311B1说明了一种具有高穿透效果的射弹。这种用于克服带装甲目标的射弹包括基本上圆柱形的主体，其中，所述主体具有在弹道终端方面很大程度上无效的低压缩性的材料制成的膨胀介质。所述膨胀介质由在前部敞开的由在弹道终端方面有效的穿透材料制成的外体径向包封。在射弹撞击到目标上时，膨胀介质相对于外体径向保留并且形成压力区，该压力区导致外体的横向膨胀区域。
由DE102007037702A1已知用于制造作为用于制造穿甲弹的半成品的管状固体的一种方法和一种装置。DE3932383C2公开了一种用于调节机械性能的方法。DE102009050162A1涉及用于穿甲弹中的构件的减震装置。
在DE19948710B4中说明了一种尾翼稳定的动能射弹。所述动能射弹包括由钨制成的穿甲弹。也可以由DE4028409C2得到一种次口径射弹。该次口径射弹的特征在于，穿甲弹其在朝向尾翼的区域中具有预定断裂点。
DE102008049146A1公开了一种带有KE穿甲弹的弹托射弹。其他这种类型的射弹以DE102007038486A1、DE102007037699B4等出版。
至今的在KE穿甲弹的几何结构中以及材料中的优化尝试至今导致弹药的不期望的专门化。就是说对于每个目标(如倾斜目标、半圆目标板、反应装甲等)存在在弹道终端方面优化的穿甲弹。至今的KE穿甲弹至今无法适配于不同的目标。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于，揭示穿甲弹对于多个目标或者变型的最优适配性。
该目的通过权利要求1的特征得以实现。有利的设计方案在从属权利要求中说明。
DE102004005042A1规定了用于中等口径弹药的通用KE射弹。该文献提出：将中心穿甲弹的优点与外部穿甲弹的优点进行结合。中心穿甲弹本身包括多个依次相继地放置的易碎弹丸，而外部穿甲弹包括可延展的重金属。由此实现了在不同目标中改善的性能。
相反，当前的思想是将大的穿甲弹在其长度上进行划分，尤其是将所述穿甲弹设计为两件式的，从而所述穿甲弹分成或者说分离成所谓的基本部件和所谓的附接部件。在此，所述附接部件可适配于或者说适配于对应的目标。由此，穿甲弹也可以就地配合于目标。
规定：穿甲弹在前部区域中、亦即在穿甲弹尖端区域中缩短并且设有接口或者说连接位置，并且从而提供了带有接口的所谓基本穿甲弹。附加地提供了不同的穿甲弹尖端，这些穿甲弹尖端配合于所述接口。根据目标(如HU、倾斜目标或反应装甲)，装弹手可以选择对应的穿甲弹尖端并且直接在装弹过程之前附接到基本穿甲弹上。因此，弹药的最终装配可以直接在弹药发射之前进行。选择的配置被通知给火力控制计算机，然后该火力控制计算机可以适配武器的瞄准过程。
两个部件的、亦即在基本穿甲弹和穿甲弹尖端之间的形锁合以及力锁合的连接可以通过螺纹连接机构实现。卡口连接机构也是适合的。在基本穿甲弹和穿甲弹尖端之间的粘接连接机构也不被排除。但在此尤其是应该考虑射弹在射出时经受的内部弹道条件。然而，粘接机构可以支持螺纹连接机构以及卡口连接机构。在基本穿甲弹和穿甲弹尖端之间的搭扣连接机构同样是可利用的，例如由DE102004017464B4已知的那样。
穿甲弹的分离成基本部件和尖端的另一优点在于，利用单独制造的以及可单独储存的穿甲弹尖端也可以增加总射弹的长度。现在也可以发射更长的穿甲弹，这可以导致弹药的性能提升。此外，穿甲弹尖端可以由与基本穿甲弹的材料不同的材料制成。在此可使用钨重金属、碳化钨，高强度钢、铜、贫铀或钽作为穿甲弹尖端，而基本穿甲弹例如由成本较低的钢制成。
附图说明
要根据实施例，利用附图进一步阐释本发明。图中示出：
图1为根据现有技术的穿甲弹和各种目标，
图2为按照本发明的穿甲弹，
图3为根据图2的穿甲弹不同接口和连接可行性方案。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据现有技术的射弹2的穿甲弹1，该射弹包括弹托3和尾翼4。射弹2、尤其是穿甲弹1根据图1a至1c设置并且相应地设计用于不同的目标。在此，所述目标为HU(半无限目标)5、倾斜目标6或反应目标7。射弹2根据目标5、6或7接纳对于这些目标优化的穿甲弹1。
图2示出本发明的基本思想。
穿甲弹10分为至少两个部件11、12并且划分为基本部件11以及附接部件12。拆分优选在穿甲弹10的前部区域13中进行(图2)。在该区域13中，穿甲弹10设有接口14。由此形成具有限定的几何接口14的缩短的基本穿甲弹11，所述接口直接在弹托3之前结束。附接部件12适配于所述接口14。如在图2a至2c中可见的那样，附接部件12本身是穿甲弹尖端15、16、17。所述穿甲弹尖端15、16、17配合于各个目标5、6、7。对于HU目标5设置较长的穿甲弹尖端15。此外，对于倾斜目标6可以设置至少一个预定断裂点16.1给穿甲弹尖端16。这具有如下优点：所述穿甲弹10直到穿甲弹尖端16的预定断裂点16.1能够无阻碍地变形。穿甲弹尖端17也可以针对反应目标7被增强，这导致：在撞击到目标上时能够降低断裂的风险。在此，所述增强也可以仅在前部的尖端区域17.1中进行。
在图3中示出各种形锁合和力锁合的连接机构20、21、22，所述连接机构将基本穿甲弹11的接口14和附接部件12的接口18彼此固定地、亦即形锁合和/或力锁合地连接。在一种优选变型方案中，所述连接机构20通过螺纹实现，其中，根据图3c的卡口连接机构22是更简单并且因此更有利的。但在特别的情况下，较好的粘接连接机构也可以足够在保持功能性的情况下将基本穿甲弹11和附接部件12固定地彼此连接。粘接剂至少可以支持在基本穿甲弹12和附接部件12之间的连接。
形锁合取决于基本穿甲弹11的接口14和穿甲弹尖端15、16、17的长度的比例。但应该足够的是：接口14的长度、亦即与附接部件12配合作用的榫头的长度选择为穿甲弹10直径的50％。
穿甲弹尖端15、16、17的形状不限于所说明的形状，更确切地说可以任意扩展。就是说，可以对于每个目标或者说每种装甲限定特定的尖端。

Claims (11)

1.用于射弹(2)的穿甲弹(10)，该射弹包括弹托(3)和尾翼(4)，其特征在于，设有基本部件(11)和附接部件(12)，所述基本部件和附接部件经由连接机构形锁合和/或力锁合地彼此连接，为此，所述基本部件(11)以及附接部件(12)具有各一个接口(14、18)。
2.如权利要求1所述的穿甲弹(10)，其特征在于，所述穿甲弹(10)的接口(12)制入其前部区域(13)中。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的穿甲弹(10)，其特征在于，所述附接部件(12)为穿甲弹尖端(15、16、17)。
4.如权利要求3所述的穿甲弹(10)，其特征在于，所述穿甲弹尖端(15、16、17)配合于各个目标(5、6、7)。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的穿甲弹(10)，其特征在于，所述连接机构设计为螺纹连接机构、卡口连接机构或者搭扣连接机构。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的穿甲弹(10)，其特征在于，粘接剂被用作连接机构。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的穿甲弹(10)，其特征在于，所述基本穿甲弹(12)以及穿甲弹尖端(15、16、17)能够由钨重金属、碳化钨、高强度钢、铜、贫铀或钽制成。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的穿甲弹(10)，其特征在于，所述穿甲弹尖端(15、16、17)和基本穿甲弹(12)由不同的材料制成。
9.如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的穿甲弹(10)，其特征在于，所述穿甲弹尖端(16)设有至少一个预定断裂点(16.1)。
10.如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的穿甲弹(10)，其特征在于，所述穿甲弹尖端(17)能够被增强，其中，所述增强仅在前部尖端区域(17.1)中进行。
11.射弹(2)，所述射弹包括弹托(3)和尾翼(4)，其特征在于，设有如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的穿甲弹(10)。
CN201680058057.4A 2015-10-06 2016-09-27 穿甲弹以及次口径射弹 Pending CN108139190A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015117018.3 2015-10-06
DE102015117018.3A DE102015117018A1 (de) 2015-10-06 2015-10-06 Penetrator sowie unterkalibriges Geschoss
PCT/EP2016/072896 WO2017060118A1 (de) 2015-10-06 2016-09-27 Penetrator sowie unterkalibriges geschoss

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US (1) US11320246B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3359910B9 (zh)
CN (1) CN108139190A (zh)
CA (1) CA3000552C (zh)
DE (1) DE102015117018A1 (zh)
IL (1) IL258307B (zh)
PL (1) PL3359910T3 (zh)
RU (1) RU2735586C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2017060118A1 (zh)

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RU2018112131A (ru) 2019-10-04
IL258307B (en) 2022-07-01
US11320246B2 (en) 2022-05-03
CA3000552C (en) 2023-04-04
EP3359910A1 (de) 2018-08-15
EP3359910B9 (de) 2022-10-12
RU2735586C2 (ru) 2020-11-05
US20180224251A1 (en) 2018-08-09
DE102015117018A1 (de) 2017-04-06
EP3359910B1 (de) 2022-07-13
WO2017060118A1 (de) 2017-04-13
CA3000552A1 (en) 2017-04-13
PL3359910T3 (pl) 2022-11-07

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