CN108137024A - 用于铁路车辆的带有电磁制动释放阀的气动制动系统 - Google Patents
用于铁路车辆的带有电磁制动释放阀的气动制动系统 Download PDFInfo
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- B60T17/18—Safety devices; Monitoring
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- B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
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Abstract
气动制动系统,包括:用于对至少一个制动缸(16)供应气动制动压力的气动回路,并且包括:气动的电磁充气阀(11)和气动的电磁放气阀(12),其分别适于导致作用于该至少一个制动缸(16)的气动压力增加和减小,电磁阀(11、12)由电子制动控制单元(13)控制;电磁制动释放阀(18),其适于在通电时导致施加至该至少一个制动缸(16)的气动制动压力的完全排放,而与电磁充气阀和电磁放气阀(11,12)的状态无关;以及电应急线路(20),在正常操作中,在电应急线路上具有电压(VE),当激活紧急制动时该电压下降。所述电磁制动释放阀(18)通过至少一个受控电开关(21)耦接到电应急线路(20),使得当电应急线路(20)上存在电压(VE)时,可通过此开关(21)的受控闭合而使电磁制动释放阀(18)通电,并且当开关(21)打开时、以及与开关(21)的状态无关而当电应急线路(20)上的电压(VE)下降时,使电磁制动释放阀(18)断电。
Description
本发明总体涉及一种用于铁路车辆的气动制动系统。
更具体地,本发明提出了一种这样类型的气动制动系统,其包括用于对至少一个制动缸供应气动制动压力的气动回路,包括:
气动电磁充气阀和气动电磁放气阀,分别适于导致作用于所述至少一个制动缸的气动压力增加和减小,所述电磁阀由电子制动控制单元控制,以及
电磁制动释放阀,其适于当通电时导致施加至所述至少一个制动缸的气动制动压力完全排放,与所述电磁充气阀和所述电磁放气阀的状态无关;
该系统进一步包括电应急线路,在正常操作中,在该电应急线路上具有一电压,该电压当激活紧急制动时下降。
在附图的图1和图2中示意性地且部分地图示了上述类型的气动制动系统的各种实施例。
特别地,在图1中,数字11和12表示电磁充气阀和电磁放气阀,也叫做电磁填充阀和电磁放空阀,由电子单元(ECU)13控制,用于调节继动阀15的控制室14中的压力,继动阀15的出口连接到制动缸16。
电磁阀11和12是三通两位类型的,在断电状态中,其处于图中所示的状态:阀11允许压力通向继动阀15的控制室14,并且阀12关闭。
在图1所示的图示中,在电磁阀11和12之间插入另一电磁阀18,位于朝向继动阀15的分支17的下游,并且当电磁阀18通电时,其导致继动阀15的控制室14完全放空,而与电磁阀11和12的状态无关,从而导致制动的完全释放。电磁释放阀18(其可由电子控制单元控制,或者由正驾驶铁路列车的驾驶员给出的命令控制)也是三通两位阀:在断电状态中,如图1所示,其允许从电磁阀11接收的气动压力通向继动阀15的控制室14。然而,当通电时,阀18使继动阀15的控制室14耦接到大气,从而允许快速地放空此控制室。
图2示出了另一根据现有技术的图示,描述了两个变型:在第一个变型中,电磁制动释放阀18用实线示出,并且插在分支17和继动阀15的控制室14之间,而在第二个变型中,用虚线示出的电磁阀18插在分支17和电磁放气阀或电磁放空阀12的入口之间。
在其他已知的未示出的布置中,不使用继动阀,而将充气阀11的出口处的压力传递到制动缸。
在图1和图2中部分地图示的制动系统中,由于由驾驶员或者由电子控制单元给出的命令的结果而使电磁制动释放阀18通电,以免当制动器在施加的情况下堵塞时变得必须禁用制动器。
关于现有技术,还应指出,就制动系统的行为而言根据铁路操作员提供的规格,可如下所述地设计电动气动阀11和12:
在被称为“直接的”构造中,其中阀11,当断电时,停止使压缩空气流入到继动阀的控制室14,以及阀12,当断电时,将此控制室14中的压缩空气放空到大气中,或者
在被称为“相反的”构造中,其中阀11,当断电时,允许压缩空气流入到继动阀15的控制室14,并且阀12,当断电时,防止将此控制室中的压缩空气放空到大气中。
如果电子控制单元失效或者关闭,那么“直接的”构造趋向于放空继动阀的控制室,从而导致释放致动器,而“相反的”构造导致对制动器施加最大制动压力。
因此,在“相反的”构造中,存在这样的危险:与失效相关的,在驾驶员和/或车辆的电子控制单元能决定释放制动器或者关闭电子单元之前,制动系统将过热并变得受损,或者车轮将在车辆高速运动的同时卡住,从而在车轮上产生被称为“平坦区域”或“平面”的区域。在此情况中,能够在出现一个上述问题之前导致自动地释放制动器将是实用的且希望的。
在根据上述现有技术的布置中,释放阀18当通电时,保持在此状态中直到已经完全隔离受故障影响的制动系统的部分为止。此解决方案防止使用隔离的制动部分,即使随后应用紧急制动,并从而增加停车距离。
因此,在紧急制动条件中(在此过程中禁止电应急线路或电应急回路)允许恢复气动回路的制动功能的解决方案,将是非常创新的且有用的。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于克服上述缺点的解决方案。
根据本发明,通过以上定义的类型的气动制动系统来实现此目的及其他目的,其中:
使上述电磁制动释放阀通过至少一个受控电开关耦接到上述电应急线路,使得
当所述电应急线路上存在电压时,可通过所述开关的受控闭合而使电磁制动释放阀通电,并且
当所述开关打开时和当电应急线路上的电压下降时(与所述开关的状态无关),使所述电磁制动释放阀断电。
参考附图,从纯粹通过非限制性实例提供的以下详细描述中,本发明的进一步特征和优点将是显而易见的,在附图中:
图1和图2,如上所述,是部分地说明了根据现有技术的气动制动系统的图示;
图3是示出了根据本发明的第一解决方案的电气图,部分地是框图的形式;并且
图4是示出了根据本发明的第二解决方案的电气图,部分地是框图的形式。
在图3中,数字18a表示图1和图2所示的图示中的一个的电磁制动释放阀18的控制绕组或螺线管。
在根据图3的解决方案中,绕组或螺线管18a具有一个连接到接地导线GND的端子和连接到电应急线路或电应急回路20的另一个端子,在电应急线路或电应急回路20上,以已知的方式,在铁路车辆的制动系统的正常操作的过程中,存在电压VS,当激活紧急制动时,该电压VS下降。
使电磁制动释放阀的绕组或螺线管18a通过受控电开关(整体上用21表示)耦接到线路或回路20。
开关21是通常闭合类型的,在通过图3中的实例示出的实施例中,其是机电开关,包括由绕组或螺线管21b控制的通常闭合的触点21a,绕组或螺线管21b在驱动电路22的出口和接地导线GND之间连接。明显地,受控开关21另选地可以是静态类型的,例如固态电开关,通过诸如光隔离器的流电去耦装置控制。
当制动系统正常操作时,控制单元113(其可以是或者可以不是上述单元13)对驱动电路或驱动器22的输入施加重要信号,使得所述驱动电路22保持螺线管21b通电,使得螺线管21b将相关联的可移动触点21a保持在打开位置中,从而保持电磁制动释放阀18的绕组或螺线管18a断电。在此状态中,参考图1和图2的图示,制动释放阀18不干扰制动系统的正常操作。
如果出现操作异常或故障,如由控制单元113检测到的,其中断对驱动电路22的输入施加重要信号,因此这使受控开关21的绕组或螺线管21b断电,受控开关21的可移动触点21a回到正常闭合的状态。然后使电磁制动释放阀18的绕组或螺线管18a通电,并且此电磁阀18导致继动阀15的控制室或驱动室立即放空,从而完全释放制动器并防止任何锁定的危险。
除非使应急线路或应急回路20断电,则系统保持在此状态中:在该情况中,然后使制动释放阀18的螺线管18a断电,使气动制动系统回到原始状态。
发现这在“相反的”气动构造的情况中特别有利,因为其使车辆全部制动力恢复,包括在异常或故障状态中与电子控制单元相关的部分。
图4示出了一个变型实施例。在此图中,已经将之前使用的文字数字参考再次赋予之前描述的零件和元件。
在根据图4的解决方案中,可由于驱动电路22的输入处的重要信号的消失的结果,或者由于由驾驶员或由车辆的控制逻辑通过通常打开的开关30而激活的请求的缘故,而使制动释放阀18通电,开关30连接在控制第二受控开关装置121的通电的电路中。
在图示的实施例中,开关121也是机电类型的,并且包括与开关21的通常闭合的触点21a并联的通常打开的可移动触点121a。
开关121进一步包括绕组或螺线管121b,其控制可移动触点121a的位置,并且可经由开关30而耦接到通电电压VE的源31。
由驾驶员或者由铁路车辆的控制逻辑直接导致的通常打开的开关30的闭合,导致电磁制动释放阀18的激活:当开关30闭合时,使开关121的绕组或螺线管121b通电,并且导致可移动触点121a的闭合,从而导致电磁释放阀18的绕组或螺线管18a的通电。
而且在此情况中,实际上立即放空继动阀15的控制室14,并且释放制动器,防止任何锁定的危险。
除非使应急线路或应急回路20断电,该系统保持在此状态中:在该情况中,然后使制动释放阀18的螺线管18a断电,使气动制动系统回到原始状态。
在其他方面中,图4所示的解决方案相对于根据图3的解决方案如上所述地操作。
自然地,本发明的原理保持相同,实施例的形式和结构的细节可与已经纯粹通过非限制性实例描述并图示的非常不同,而不脱离如由所附权利要求书定义的本发明的范围。
Claims (4)
1.用于铁路车辆的气动制动系统,包括用于对至少一个制动缸(16)供应气动制动压力的气动回路,该气动制动系统包括:
气动的电磁充气阀(11)和气动的电磁放气阀(12),分别适于导致作用于所述至少一个制动缸(16)的气动压力增加和减小,所述电磁阀(11、12)由电子制动控制单元(13)控制;
电磁制动释放阀(18),适于当通电时导致施加至所述至少一个制动缸(16)的气动制动压力完全排放,而与所述电磁充气阀和所述电磁放气阀(11,12)的状态无关;
所述系统进一步包括电应急线路(20),在正常操作中,在所述电应急线路上具有电压(VE),当激活紧急制动时该电压下降;
所述系统的特征在于
使所述电磁制动释放阀(18)通过至少一个受控的电开关(21)耦接到所述电应急线路(20),使得
当所述电应急线路(20)上存在电压(VE)时,能通过所述开关(21)的受控闭合而使所述电磁制动释放阀(18)通电,并且
当所述开关(21)打开时,以及与所述开关(21)的状态无关而当所述电应急线路(20)上的电压(VE)下降时,使所述电磁制动释放阀(18)断电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的气动制动系统,其中,至少一个受控的所述开关(21)是通常闭合类型的,并且连接到控制装置(113、22),
该控制装置设计为对所述电开关提供禁止信号,所述禁止信号能够在所述系统的正常操作状态下将所述开关保持打开,并且在故障或失效的状态中关闭所述禁止信号并允许打开所述开关(21)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的气动制动系统,其中,通常打开类型的至少一个第二受控电开关(121)与至少一个所述开关(21)并联,所述第二受控电开关适于由于能由列车驾驶员和/或电子控制系统控制的相关联开关(30)闭合的结果而闭合,而导致所述电磁制动释放阀(18)通电。
4.用于铁路车辆的气动制动系统,基本上如上所述并如所说明的,并用于指定目的。
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ITUB2015A002413A ITUB20152413A1 (it) | 2015-07-22 | 2015-07-22 | Sistema pneumatico di frenatura per un veicolo ferroviario, con elettrovalvola di rilascio della frenatura. |
PCT/IB2016/054331 WO2017013610A1 (en) | 2015-07-22 | 2016-07-21 | Pneumatic braking system for a railway vehicle with a solenoid brake release valve |
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US20180215365A1 (en) | 2018-08-02 |
WO2017013610A1 (en) | 2017-01-26 |
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US10486672B2 (en) | 2019-11-26 |
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