CN108136189A - 用于行为响应信号检测和治疗递送的系统和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
公开了用于基于姿势调整可植入医疗设备的功能的系统、设备和方法。在一些情况下,用于操作植入到患者内的无引线心脏起搏器的方法(其中患者具有两个或更多个预定义的行为状态)可以包括检测患者的行为状态的改变,并且作为响应,改变由无引线心脏起搏器的传感器生成的传感器信号的采样速率。在一些实施例中,该方法还可以包括使用所采样的传感器信号来确定无引线心脏起搏器的更新后的起搏速率并且以更新后的起搏速率向患者提供起搏。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2015年8月28日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号62/211,359的权益,其公开内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本公开一般涉及用于检测患者的位置状态和行为状态的系统、设备和方法,并且更具体地涉及用于基于检测到的患者的位置状态和行为状态来调整感测递送和治疗递送的系统、设备和方法。
背景技术
起搏器具可用于治疗患有各种心脏病的患者,心脏病导致心脏向患者身体递送足够量的血液的能力降低。这些心脏病可能导致快速、不规则和/或低效率的心脏收缩。为了帮助缓解这些情况中的一些,可以将各种设备(例如起搏器、除颤器等)植入患者体内。这种设备可以监测并向心脏提供电刺激以帮助心脏以更正常、有效和/或安全的方式进行操作。在一些情况下,这些设备可根据患者相关特征调整其操作。
发明内容
本公开一般涉及用于检测患者的位置和/或行为状态的系统、设备和方法,并且更具体地,涉及用于基于检测到的患者的位置和/或行为状态来调整感测和治疗递送的系统、设备和方法。在第一示例性实施例中,无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)可以包括多个电极、传感器以及连接到多个电极和传感器的控制器。在一些实施例中,控制器可以被配置为检测行为状态的改变,响应于检测到行为状态的改变,改变由传感器生成的传感器信号的采样速率,并且使用所采样的传感器信号来确定更新后的起搏速率。在一些情况下,控制器可以被进一步配置为基于更新后的起搏速率向多个电极递送起搏脉冲。
另外地或可选地,在第一示例性实施例中,传感器可以具有较低功率模式和较高功率模式,并且控制器可以进一步被配置为使用较低功率模式下的传感器来检测行为状态的改变并且响应于检测到行为状态的改变,将传感器切换到较高功率模式。
另外地或可选地,在关于第一示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,较低功率模式可以是低功率休眠模式,并且较高功率模式可以是唤醒模式。
另外地或可选地,在关于第一示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,行为状态的改变可以对应于姿势的改变。
另外地或可选地,在关于第一示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,行为状态的改变可以对应于活动水平的改变。
另外地或可选地,在关于第一示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,传感器可以是加速度计。
另外地或可选地,在关于第一示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,传感器可以是阻抗传感器、压力传感器、流量传感器、温度传感器、陀螺仪、声学传感器和血氧传感器中的一个或多个。
另外地或可选地,在关于第一示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,响应于检测到患者的行为状态的改变,控制器可以进一步被配置为改变用于采样由传感器生成的传感器信号的采样时间窗口。
另外地或可选地,在关于第一示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,在检测到从非活动行为状态到活动行为状态的改变时,无引线心脏起搏器可确定更新后的起搏速率,所述更新后的起搏速率增加以减少患者中的起立性张力。
另外地或可选地,在关于第一示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,在检测到从活动行为状态到非活动行为状态的改变时,控制器可以进一步被配置为确定降低的更新后的起搏速率。
另外地或可选地,在关于第一示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,在检测到从活动行为状态到非活动行为状态的改变时,控制器可以进一步被配置为降低由传感器生成的传感器信号的采样速率。
另外地或可选地,在关于第一示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,在检测到从非活动行为状态到活动行为状态的改变时,控制器可以进一步被配置为增加由传感器生成的传感器信号的采样速率。
另外地或可选地,在关于第一示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,在检测到从活动行为状态到非活动行为状态的改变时,控制器可以进一步被配置为降低较低速率限制(LRL),并且在检测到从非活动行为状态到活动行为状态的改变时,控制器进一步被配置为提高较低速率限制(LRL)。
在第二示例性实施例中,一种方法可以包括通过无引线心脏起搏器使用传感器感测预定生理参数,无引线心脏起搏器能够以具有较低分辨率的较低功率感测模式和具有较高分辨率的较高功率感测模式感测预定生理参数;以及通过无引线心脏起搏器,检测从两个或更多个预定姿势中的第一个到两个或更多个预定姿势中的第二个的改变,并且作为响应,无引线心脏起搏器从较低功率感测模式改变为较高功率感测模式。在一些进一步的实施例中,该方法还可以包括由无引线心脏起搏器使用所感测的生理参数来确定无引线心脏起搏器的更新后的起搏速率。在又一些其他实施例中,该方法可以包括无引线心脏起搏器以更新后的起搏速率向患者提供起搏。
另外地或可选地,在关于第二示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任一者中,所述方法可以进一步包括由无引线心脏起搏器检测从两个或更多个预定姿势中的第二个到两个或更多个预定姿势中的第一个的改变,并且作为响应,由无引线心脏起搏器从较高功率感测模式改变为较低功率感测模式。
在第三示例性实施例中,一种用于操作植入到患者体内的无引线心脏起搏器的方法,患者具有两种或更多种预定义的行为状态,可以包括:无引线心脏起搏器可以检测患者的行为状态的改变,并且作为响应,无引线心脏起搏器可以改变由无引线心脏起搏器的传感器生成的传感器信号的采样速率,并且无引线心脏起搏器可以使用所采样传感器信号来确定无引线心脏起搏器的更新后的起搏速率。在一些进一步的实施例中,无引线心脏起搏器可以以更新后的起搏速率向患者提供起搏。
另外地或可选地,在第三示例性实施例中,传感器可以具有较低功率模式和较高功率模式,并且其中无引线心脏起搏器可以使用较低功率模式中的传感器来检测患者的行为状态的改变,并且响应于检测到患者的行为状态的改变,无引线心脏起搏器可以将传感器切换到较高功率模式。
另外地或可选地,在关于第三示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,较低功率模式可以是低功率休眠模式,并且较高功率模式可以是唤醒模式。
另外地或可选地,在关于第三示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,行为状态的改变可以对应于患者的姿势的改变。
另外地或可选地,在关于第三示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,行为状态的改变可以对应于患者的活动水平的改变。
另外地或可选地,在关于第三示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,传感器可以是加速度计。
另外地或可选地,在关于第三示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,传感器可以是阻抗传感器、压力传感器、流量传感器、温度传感器、陀螺仪、声学传感器和血氧传感器中的一个或多个。
另外地或可选地,在关于第三示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,响应于检测到患者的行为状态的改变,无引线心脏起搏器可以进一步改变用于采样由无引线心脏起搏器的传感器生成的传感器信号的采样时间窗口。
另外地或可选地,在关于第三示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,在检测到从非活动行为状态到活动行为状态的改变时,无引线心脏起搏器可以确定更新后的起搏速率,所述更新后的起搏速率增加以减少患者中的起立性张力。
另外地或可选地,在关于第三示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,在检测到从活动行为状态到非活动行为状态的改变时,无引线心脏起搏器可以确定降低的更新后的起搏速率。
另外地或可选地,在关于第三示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,在检测到从活动行为状态到非活动行为状态的改变时,无引线心脏起搏器可以降低由无引线心脏起搏器的传感器生成的传感器信号的采样速率。
另外地或可选地,在关于第三示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,在检测到从非活动行为状态到活动行为状态的改变时,无引线心脏起搏器可以增加由无引线心脏起搏器的传感器生成的传感器信号的采样速率。
另外地或可选地,在关于第三示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,在检测到从活动行为状态到非活动行为状态的改变时,无引线心脏起搏器可以降低较低速率限制(LRL)并且在检测到从非活动行为状态到活动行为状态的改变时,无引线心脏起搏器可以提高较低速率限制(LRL)。
另外地或可选地,在关于第三示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,所述方法还可以包括接收来自定义一个或多个行为状态的用户的输入,其中输入经由来自外部编程器的通信消息接收。
在第四示例性实施例中,无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)可以包括多个电极、加速度计以及连接到多个电极和加速度计的控制器。在一些实施例中,控制器可以被配置为:感测由加速度计生成的加速度信号,控制器能够以具有较低分辨率的较低功率感测模式和具有较高分辨率的较高功率感测模式感测加速度信号;并且经由加速度信号,检测从两个或更多个预定姿势中的第一个到两个或更多个预定姿势中的第二个的改变,并且作为响应,从较低功率感测模式改变为较高功率感测模式。在一些进一步的实施例中,控制器可以被配置为使用感测到的加速度信号来确定更新后的起搏速率。在一些更进一步的实施例中,控制器可以被配置为以更新后的起搏速率向患者提供起搏。
另外地或可选地,在关于第四示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,在较高功率感测模式中,加速度信号可以以比在较低功率感测模式中更高的采样速率被采样。
另外地或可选地,在关于第四示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,在较高功率感测模式中,加速度信号可以以比在较低功率感测模式中更长的采样时间窗口中被采样。
另外地或可选地,在关于第四示例性实施例的上述实施例中的任何一个中,起搏可以经由多个电极中的两个或更多个来提供。
以上概述不旨在描述本公开的每个实施例或每个实施方式。通过结合附图参考以下的描述和权利要求,优点和成就以及对本公开的更完整理解将变得显而易见并且被理解。
附图说明
考虑以下结合附图对各种示例性实施例的描述,可以更全面地理解本公开,其中:
图1是根据本公开的一个实施例的示例性无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)的示意性框图;
图2是可结合图1的LCP使用的另一个示例性医疗设备的示意性框图;
图3是包括彼此通信的多个LCP和/或其他设备的示例性医疗系统的示意图;
图4是根据本公开的另一个实施例的包括LCP和另一个医疗设备的系统的示意图;
图5是示出示例性心电信号以及沿共同时间轴的对应加速度计信号的曲线图;
图6是对医疗设备进行编程的示例性方法的流程图;
图7是确定姿势的示例性方法的流程图;
图8是沿包括感测周期的公共时间轴的示例性心电信号和对应的加速度计信号的曲线图,在该感测周期期间可以对设备进行编程以感测加速度计信号;
图9是示出基于感测到的行为状态改变的示例性起搏速率对比时间的曲线图;和
图10是示出基于感测到的患者的活动水平的另一个示例性起搏速率对比时间的曲线图。
尽管本公开可以进行各种修改和替代形式,但其细节已经通过附图中的实施例的方式示出并且将被详细描述。然而,应该理解的是,本发明的意图不是将本公开的各方面限制于所描述的特定示例性实施例。相反,意图是覆盖落入本公开的精神和范围内的所有修改、等同物和替代方案。
具体实施方式
应参照附图来阅读以下描述,其中不同附图中的类似元件编号相同。不一定按比例的描述和附图描绘了示例性实施例,并且不旨在限制本公开的范围。
图1是可以植入心脏上或心脏腔室内并且可以操作以感测生理信号和参数并且将一种或多种类型的电刺激治疗递送至患者的心脏的示例性无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)的概念性示意框图。示例电刺激治疗可以包括心动过缓起搏、速率响应起搏治疗、心脏再同步治疗(CRT)、抗心动过速起搏(ATP)治疗和/或类似物。从图1中可以看出,LCP 100可以是紧凑型设备,其中所有组件都容纳在LCP 100内或直接位于外壳120上。在一些情况下,LCP 100可以包括通信模块102、脉冲发生器模块104、电感测模块106、机械感测模块108、处理模块110、能量存储模块112和电极114。
如图1所示,LCP 100可以包括电极114,电极114可以相对于外壳120固定并且电暴露于LCP 100周围的组织和/或血液。电极114通常可以向LCP 100和周围的组织和/或血液传导电信号且从LCP 100和周围的组织和/或血液传导电信号。这样的电信号可以包括通信信号、电刺激脉冲和固有心电信号等。固有心电信号可以包括由心脏生成的电信号并且可以由心电图(ECG)表示。
电极114可以包括一种或多种生物相容性导电材料,例如已知可安全植入人体内的各种金属或合金。在一些情况下,电极114可以大致设置在LCP 100的任一端部上,并且可以与模块102、104、106、108和110中的一个或多个电通信。在电极114直接固定到外壳120的实施例中,绝缘材料可以将电极114与相邻的电极、外壳120和/或LCP 100的其他部分电隔离。在一些情况下,电极114中的一些或全部可以与外壳120隔开并通过连接线连接到外壳120和/或LCP 100的其他组件。在这种情况下,电极114可以放置在远离外壳120延伸出的尾部(未示出)上。如图1所示,在一些实施例中,LCP 100可以包括电极114'。电极114'是除了电极114之外的并且可以替代电极114中的一个或多个。除了电极114'被布置在LCP 100的侧面之外,电极114'可以与电极114相似。在一些情况下,电极114'可以增加电极的数量,通过其LCP 100可以递送通信信号和/或电刺激脉冲和/或可以感测固有心电信号、通信信号和/或电刺激脉冲。
电极114和/或114'可以采取各种大小和/或形状中的任何一种,并且可以以各种间距中的任何一种间隔开。例如,电极114可以具有2至20毫米(mm)的外径。在其他实施例中,电极114和/或114'可以具有2、3、5、7毫米(mm)的直径或者任何其它合适的直径、尺寸和/或形状。电极114和/或114'的示例长度可以包括例如1、3、5、10毫米(mm)或任何其他合适的长度。如在此所使用的,长度是远离外壳120的外表面延伸的电极114和/或114'的尺寸。在一些情况下,电极114和/或114'中的至少一些可以彼此间隔开20、30、40、50毫米(mm)的距离或任何其他合适的间隔。单个设备的电极114和/或114'可以具有相对于彼此不同的大小,并且设备上的电极的间隔和/或长度可以是均匀的或者可以不是均匀的。
在所示的实施例中,通信模块102可以电耦合到电极114和/或114',并且可以被配置为将通信脉冲递送到患者的组织以与例如传感器、编程器、其他医疗设备和/或类似物的其他设备通信。如在此所使用的通信信号可以是通过其自身或结合一个或多个其它经调制信号将信息传送到另一个设备的任何经调制信号。在一些实施例中,通信信号可以被限制为不导致捕获心脏但仍然传送信息的亚阈值信号。通信信号可以被递送到位于患者身体外部或内部的另一个设备。在一些情况下,通信可以采取由各种时间量分离的不同通信脉冲的形式。在其中一些情况下,连续脉冲之间的时间可以传送信息。通信模块102可以另外被配置为感测由可位于患者身体外部或内部的其他设备递送的通信信号。
通信模块102可以进行通信以帮助完成一个或多个期望的功能。一些示例功能包括递送感测到的数据、使用被传送的数据来确定诸如心律失常的事件的发生、协调电刺激治疗的递送和/或其他功能。在一些情况下,LCP 100可以使用通信信号来传送原始信息、经处理的信息、消息和/或命令、和/或其它数据。原始信息可以包括诸如感测到的电信号(例如感测到的ECG)、从耦合的传感器收集的信号等的信息。在一些实施例中,经处理的信息可以包括已经使用一种或多种信号处理技术进行过滤的信号。经处理的信息还可以包括由LCP 100和/或另一个设备确定的参数和/或事件,诸如确定出的心率、确定出的心跳的定时、其他确定出的事件的定时、阈值交叉点的确定、监视时间周期的终止、加速度计信号、活动水平参数、血氧参数、血压参数、心音参数等。消息和/或命令可以包括指示另一个设备采取动作的指令等、发送设备的即将发生的动作的通知、从接收设备读取的请求、向接收设备写入数据的请求、信息消息、和/或其他消息命令。
在至少一些实施例中,通信模块102(或LCP 100)还可以包括开关电路,以选择性地将电极114和/或114'中的一个或多个连接到通信模块102,以便选择通信模块102通过哪个电极114和/或114'递送通信脉冲。预期通信模块102可以经由传导信号、射频(RF)信号、光信号、声信号、电感耦合和/或任何其它合适的通信方法与其他设备进行通信。在通信模块102生成电通信信号的情况下,通信模块102可以包括一个或多个电容器元件和/或其他电荷存储设备以帮助生成和递送通信信号。在所示的实施例中,通信模块102可以使用存储在能量存储模块112中的能量来生成通信信号。在至少一些示例中,通信模块102可以包括开关电路,该开关电路连接到能量存储模块112,并且与开关电路一起可以将能量存储模块112连接到电极114/114'中的一个或多个以生成通信信号。
如图1所示,脉冲发生器模块104可以电连接到电极114和/或114'中的一个或多个。脉冲发生器模块104可以被配置为生成电刺激脉冲并且经由电极114和/或114'中的一个或多个向患者的组织递送电刺激脉冲以便实现一种或多种电刺激治疗。如在此所使用的电刺激脉冲意在涵盖为了治疗任何类型的疾病或异常的目的而可以递送到患者组织的任何电信号。例如,当用于治疗心脏病时,脉冲发生器模块104可以生成用于捕获患者心脏的电刺激起搏脉冲,即,响应于被递送的电刺激脉冲使心脏收缩。在其中的一些情况下,例如在速率自适应起搏中,LCP 100可以改变脉冲发生器模块104生成电刺激脉冲的速率。在其他实施例中,电刺激脉冲可以包括除颤/复律脉冲,用于使心脏从纤维性颤动中震出或以正常心脏节律震动。在其他实施例中,电刺激脉冲可以包括抗心动过速起搏(ATP)脉冲。应该明白,这些只是一些示例。当用于治疗其他疾病时,脉冲发生器模块104可以生成适合于神经刺激治疗等的电刺激脉冲。脉冲发生器模块104可以包括一个或多个电容器元件和/或其他电荷存储设备以帮助生成和递送适当的电刺激脉冲。在至少一些实施例中,脉冲发生器模块104可以使用存储在能量存储模块112中的能量来生成电刺激脉冲。在一些特定实施例中,脉冲发生器模块104可以包括连接到能量存储模块112的开关电路并且可以将能量存储模块112连接到电极114/114'中的一个或多个以生成电刺激脉冲。
LCP 100可以进一步包括电感测模块106和机械感测模块108。电感测模块106可以被配置为感测从电极114和/或114'传导到电感测模块106的固有心电信号。例如,电感测模块106可以电连接到一个或多个电极114和/或114',并且电感测模块106可以被配置为经由传感器放大器等接收通过电极114和/或114'传导的心电信号。在一些实施例中,心电信号可以表示来自其中植入了LCP 100的腔室的局部信息。例如,如果将LCP 100植入心脏的心室内,则由LCP 100通过电极114和/或114'感测到的心电信号可以表示心室心电信号。机械感测模块108可以包括或电连接到各种传感器,例如加速度计(包括多轴加速度计,例如两轴或三轴加速度计或其他重力轴传感器)、陀螺仪(包括多轴陀螺仪,例如两轴或三轴陀螺仪)、血压传感器、流量传感器、心音传感器、压电传感器、血氧传感器和/或测量心脏和/或患者的一个或多个生理参数的其它传感器。机械感测模块108当存在时可以从指示各种生理参数的传感器收集信号。电感测模块106和机械感测模块108都可以连接到处理模块110,并且可以向处理模块110提供表示感测到的心电信号和/或生理信号的信号。虽然在一些实施例中关于图1描述为单独的感测模块,但是电感测模块106和机械感测模块108可以被组合成单个模块。在至少一些示例中,LCP 100可以仅包括电感测模块106和机械感测模块108中的一个。在一些情况下,处理模块110、电感测模块106、机械感测模块108、通信模块102、脉冲发生器模块104和/或能量存储模块的任何组合可以被认为是LCP 100的控制器。
处理模块110可以被配置为引导LCP 100的操作并且在一些实施例中可以被称为控制器。例如,处理模块110可以被配置为从电感测模块106接收心电信号和/或从机械感测模块108接收生理信号。处理模块110可以基于接收到的信号确定例如心律失常的发生和类型和其他确定,例如LCP 100是否已经脱落。处理模块110还可以从通信模块102接收信息。在一些实施例中,处理模块110可以另外使用这样的接收到的信息来确定心律失常的发生和类型和/或其他确定,例如LCP 100是否已经脱落。在又一些附加实施例中,LCP 100可以使用接收到的信息而不是从电感测模块106和/或机械感测模块108接收到的信号-例如如果接收到的信息被认为比从电感测模块106和/或机械感测模块108接收到的信号更准确,或者如果电感测模块106和/或机械感测模块108已经被禁用或从LCP 100省略。
在确定心律失常的发生之后,处理模块110可以控制脉冲发生器模块104根据一种或多种电刺激治疗来生成电刺激脉冲以治疗所确定的心律失常。例如,处理模块110可以控制脉冲发生器模块104以不同的参数和以不同的序列生成起搏脉冲,以实现一种或多种电刺激治疗。作为一个示例,在对脉冲发生器模块104进行控制以递送心动过缓起搏治疗时,处理模块110可以控制脉冲发生器模块104以定期间隔来递送设计为捕获患者心脏的起搏脉冲,以帮助防止患者心脏低于预定阈值。在一些情况下,起搏速率可随着患者活动水平(例如速率自适应起搏)的增加而增加。例如,处理模块110可监视可指示需要增加心率(例如由于代谢需求增加)的患者的一个或多个生理参数。处理模块110然后可以增加脉冲生成器模块104生成电刺激脉冲的速率。基于一个或多个生理参数来调整电刺激脉冲的递送速率可以通过仅在生理参数指示需要增加心脏输出时需要较高的电刺激脉冲的递送速率来延长LCP 100的电池寿命。另外,调整电刺激脉冲的递送速率可通过将电刺激脉冲的递送速率与患者的心脏输出需求更紧密地匹配来增加患者的舒适水平。
对于ATP治疗,处理模块110可以控制脉冲发生器模块104以比患者的固有心率更快的速率递送起搏脉冲,以试图响应于被递送的起搏脉冲而不是响应于固有心电信号而迫使心脏跳动。一旦心脏跟随起搏脉冲,处理模块110就可以控制脉冲发生器模块104以将被递送的起搏脉冲的速率降低到更安全的水平。在CRT中,处理模块110可以控制脉冲发生器模块104以与另一个设备配合递送起搏脉冲,以使心脏更有效地收缩。在脉冲发生器模块104能够生成用于除颤/心脏复律治疗的除颤和/或心脏复律脉冲的情况下,处理模块110可以控制脉冲发生器模块104以生成这样的除颤和/或复律脉冲。在一些情况下,处理模块110可以控制脉冲发生器模块104生成电刺激脉冲以提供与上述那些示例不同的电刺激治疗。
除了对脉冲发生器模块104进行控制以生成不同类型并且以不同的序列的电刺激脉冲,在一些实施例中,处理模块110还可以控制脉冲发生器模块104生成具有变化的脉冲参数的各种电刺激脉冲。例如,每个电刺激脉冲可以具有脉冲宽度和脉冲幅度。处理模块110可以控制脉冲发生器模块104以生成具有特定脉冲宽度和脉冲幅度的各种电刺激脉冲。例如,如果电刺激脉冲没有有效捕获心脏,则处理模块110可以使脉冲发生器模块104调整电刺激脉冲的脉冲宽度和/或脉冲幅度。对各种电刺激脉冲的具体参数的这种控制可以帮助LCP100提供电刺激治疗的更有效的递送。
在一些实施例中,处理模块110可以进一步控制通信模块102向其他设备发送信息。例如,处理模块110可以控制通信模块102生成用于与设备系统的其他设备进行通信的一个或多个通信信号。例如,处理模块110可以控制通信模块102以特定脉冲序列生成通信信号,其中特定序列传达不同的信息。通信模块102还可以接收用于由处理模块110进行的潜在动作的通信信号。
在进一步的实施例中,处理模块110可以控制开关电路,通信模块102和脉冲发生器模块104通过该开关电路向患者的组织递送通信信号和/或电刺激脉冲。如上所述,通信模块102和脉冲发生器模块104都可以包括用于将一个或多个电极114和/或114'连接到通信模块102和/或脉冲发生器模块104的电路,使得这些模块可以将通信信号和电刺激脉冲递送到患者的组织。通信模块102和/或脉冲发生器模块104通过其递送通信信号和电刺激脉冲的一个或多个电极的特定组合可影响通信信号的接收和/或电刺激脉冲的有效性。尽管描述了通信模块102和脉冲发生器模块104中的每一个可以包括开关电路,但是在一些实施例中,LCP 100可以具有连接到通信模块102、脉冲发生器模块104和电极114和/或114'的单个开关模块。在这样的实施例中,处理模块110可以适当地控制开关模块以连接模块102/104和电极114/114'。
在一些实施例中,处理模块110可以包括预编程芯片,诸如超大规模集成电路(VLSI)芯片或专用集成电路(ASIC)。在这样的实施例中,可以用控制逻辑对芯片进行预编程,以便控制LCP 100的操作。通过使用预编程的芯片,处理模块110可以使用比其他可编程电路更少的功率,同时能够保持基本功能,从而潜在地增加LCP 100的电池寿命。在其他情况下,处理模块110可以包括可编程微处理器等。这种可编程微处理器可以允许用户在制造之后调整LCP 100的控制逻辑,从而允许LCP 100比使用预编程芯片时更大的灵活性。在其他实施例中,处理模块110可以不是单个组件。例如,处理模块110可以包括位于LCP 100内的不同位置处的多个组件,以便执行各种描述的功能。例如,某些功能可以在处理模块110的一个组件中执行,而其他功能则在处理模块110的分离的组件中执行。
在另外的实施例中,处理模块110可以包括存储器电路,并且处理模块110可以将信息存储在存储器电路上并且从存储器电路读取信息。在其他实施例中,LCP 100可以包括与处理模块110通信的分离的存储器电路(未示出),使得处理模块110可以从分离的存储器电路读取信息并将信息写入分离的存储器电路。存储器电路无论是处理模块110的一部分还是与处理模块110分离,都可以是易失性存储器、非易失性存储器或易失性存储器和非易失性存储器的组合。
能量存储模块112可以将电源提供给LCP 100用于其操作。在一些实施例中,能量存储模块112可以是不可再充电的锂基电池。在其他实施例中,不可再充电电池可以由其他合适的材料制成。在一些实施例中,能量存储模块112可以包括可再充电电池。在其他实施例中,能量存储模块112可以包括其他类型的能量存储设备,例如电容器或超级电容器。
为了将LCP 100植入患者体内,操作者(例如,医师、临床医师等)可以将LCP 100固定到患者心脏的心脏组织。为了便于固定,LCP 100可以包括一个或多个锚固件116。在图1中示意性地示出了一个或多个锚固件116。一个或多个锚固件116可以包括任何数量的固定或锚固机构。例如,一个或多个锚固件116可以包括一个或多个销钉、钉、螺纹、螺钉、螺旋状物、尖齿和/或类似物。在一些实施例中,虽然未示出,但一个或多个锚固件116可在其外表面上包括螺纹,螺纹可沿着锚固构件的至少部分长度延伸。螺纹可以在心脏组织和锚锚固件之间提供摩擦,以帮助将锚固构件固定在心脏组织内。在一些情况下,一个或多个锚固件116可以包括锚固构件,该锚固构件具有可拧入心脏组织中的软木螺钉形状。在其他实施例中,锚固件116可以包括其他结构,例如倒钩、尖刺等,以便于与周围心脏组织接合。
在一些示例中,LCP 100可以被配置为植入患者心脏上或患者心脏腔室内。例如,LCP 100可以植入患者心脏的左心房、右心房、左心室或右心室中的任一个内。通过植入特定的腔室内,LCP 100可能能够感测其他设备可能不能用这样的分辨率来感测的源自特定腔室的或特定腔室发出的心电信号。在LCP 100被配置为植入患者心脏上的情况下,LCP100可以被配置为植入在心脏的一个腔室上或其附近,或者在固有地生成的心电信号通常遵循的路径上或其附近。在这些示例中,LCP 100还可以具有增强的感测局部固有心电信号并递送局部电刺激治疗的能力。在LCP 100包括加速度计的实施例中,LCP 100另外可以能够感测LCP 100被附接到的心脏壁的运动。
图2描绘了可以操作以感测生理信号和参数并将一种或多种类型的电刺激治疗递送至患者组织的另一个设备(医疗设备(MD)200)的实施例。在所示的实施例中,MD 200可以包括通信模块202、脉冲发生器模块204、电感测模块206、机械感测模块208、处理模块210和能量存储模块218。模块202、204、206、208和210中的每一个可以类似于LCP 100的模块102、104、106、108和110。另外,能量存储模块218可以类似于LCP 100的能量存储模块112。然而,在一些实施例中,MD 200可以在外壳220内具有更大的体积。在这样的实施例中,MD 200可以包括能够处理比LCP 100的处理模块110更复杂的操作的更大的能量存储模块218和/或更大的处理模块210。
虽然MD 200可以是另一个无引线设备,如图1所示,但是在一些情况下,MD 200可以包括引线,例如引线212。引线212可以包括在电极214和位于外壳220内的一个或多个模块之间传导电信号的电线。在一些情况下,引线212可以连接到MD 200的外壳220并且远离MD 200的外壳220延伸。在一些实施例中,引线212被植入在患者的心脏上、心脏内或心脏附近。引线212可以包含一个或多个电极214,其位于引线212上的各种位置处以及远离外壳220的不同的距离处。一些引线212可以仅包括单个电极214,而其他引线212可以包括多个电极214。通常,电极214被定位在引线212上,使得当引线212被植入患者体内时,电极214中的一个或多个被定位成执行期望的功能。在一些情况下,电极214中的一个或多个可以与患者的心脏组织接触。在其他情况下,电极214中的一个或多个可以位于皮下但邻近患者的心脏。电极214可将固有生成的电的心脏信号传导至引线212。引线212又可将接收到的电的心脏信号传导至MD200的模块202、204、206和208中的一个或多个。在一些情况下,MD 200可以生成电刺激信号,并且引线212可以将生成的电刺激信号传导至电极214。电极214然后可以将电刺激信号传导至患者的心脏组织(直接或间接)。MD 200还可以包括未布置在引线212上的一个或多个电极214。例如,一个或多个电极214可以直接连接到外壳220。
在一些实施例中,引线212可以另外包含一个或多个传感器,例如加速度计、陀螺仪、血压传感器、流量传感器、心音传感器、血氧传感器和/或被配置为测量心脏和/或患者的一个或多个生理参数的其他传感器。在这样的实施例中,机械感测模块208可以与引线212电通信并且可以接收从这种传感器生成的信号。
尽管不是必需的,但在一些实施例中,MD 200可以是可植入医疗设备。在这样的实施例中,MD 200的外壳220可以植入到例如患者的经胸区域中。外壳220通常可以包括多种已知材料中的任何一种,这些材料对于植入到人体中是安全的,并且在植入时可以将MD200的各种组件气密地密封以与患者身体的液体和组织隔离。在这样的实施例中,引线212可以植入在患者体内的一个或多个不同位置处,例如在患者心脏内、邻近患者心脏、邻近患者脊柱或任何其他所需位置。
在一些实施例中,MD 200可以是可植入心脏起搏器(ICP)。在这些实施例中,MD200可以具有一个或多个引线,例如引线212,其被植入患者心脏上或心脏内。一个或多个引线212可以包括与患者心脏的心脏组织和/或血液接触的一个或多个电极214。MD 200可以被配置为感测固有生成的心电信号,并且基于对所感测的信号的分析来确定例如一个或多个心律失常。MD 200可以被配置为经由植入心脏内的引线212递送CRT、ATP治疗、心动过缓治疗和/或其他治疗类型。在一些实施例中,MD 200可以另外被配置为提供除颤/心脏复律治疗。
在一些情况下,MD 200可以是可植入心脏复律除颤器(ICD)。在这样的实施例中,MD 200可以包括植入在患者心脏内的一个或多个引线。MD 200还可以被配置为感测电的心脏信号、基于所感测电的心脏信号确定快速性心律失常的发生、并且响应于确定快速性心律失常的发生递送除颤和/或心脏复律治疗(例如通过递送除颤和/或心脏复律脉冲到患者的心脏)。在其他实施例中,MD 200可以是皮下可植入心脏复律除颤器(SICD)。在MD 200是SICD的实施例中,引线212中的一个可以是皮下植入的引线。在MD 200是SICD的至少一些实施例中,MD 200可以仅包括皮下地但在胸腔外部植入的单个引线,然而这不是必需的。
在一些实施例中,MD 200可以不是可植入医疗设备。而是,MD 200可以是患者身体外部的设备,并且电极214可以是放置在患者身体上的皮肤电极。在这样的实施例中,MD200可以能够感测表面电信号(例如,由心脏生成的电的心脏信号或由植入患者体内的设备生成的并通过身体传导至皮肤的电信号)。MD 200可以进一步被配置为经由皮肤电极214递送各种类型的电刺激治疗,包括例如除颤治疗。
图3示出医疗设备系统和通过其医疗设备系统的多个医疗设备302、304、306和/或310可以通信的通信路径的实施例。在所示的实施例中,医疗设备系统300可以包括LCP 302和304、外部医疗设备306以及其他传感器/设备310。外部设备306可以是设置在患者身体外部的设备,如先前关于MD 200所述的。在至少一些示例中,外部设备306可以表示诸如设备编程器的外部支持设备,如将在下面更详细描述的。其他传感器/设备310可以是先前关于MD 200所描述的任何设备,诸如ICP、ICD和SICD。其他传感器/设备310还可以包括收集关于患者的信息的各种诊断传感器,诸如加速度计、血压传感器等。在一些情况下,其他传感器/设备310可以包括可以用于对系统300的一个或多个设备进行编程的外部编程器设备。
系统300的各种设备可以经由通信路径308进行通信。例如,LCP 302和/或304可以感测固有心电信号,并且可以经由通信路径308将这些信号传送给系统300的一个或多个其他设备302/304、306和310。在一个实施例中,设备302/304中的一个或多个可以接收这样的信号,并且基于接收到的信号来确定心律失常的发生。在一些情况下,设备或设备302/304可以将这样的确定传送给系统300的一个或多个其他设备306和310。在一些情况下,系统300的设备302/304、306和310中的一个或多个可以基于所传送的心律失常的确定例如通过将适当的电刺激递送至患者的心脏来采取行动。系统300的一个或多个设备302/304、306和310可以另外经由通信路径308传送命令或响应消息。命令消息可以使得接收设备采取特定的动作,而响应消息可以包括所请求的信息或接收设备实际上确实收到了被传送的消息或数据的确认。
可以设想,系统300的各种设备可以使用RF信号、电感耦合、光学信号、声学信号或适用于通信的任何其它信号经由路径308进行通信。另外,在至少一些实施例中,系统300的各种设备可以使用多个信号类型经由路径308进行通信。例如,其他传感器/设备310可以使用第一信号类型(例如RF通信)与外部设备306通信,但使用第二信号类型(例如传导通信)与LCP 302/304通信。此外,在一些实施例中,设备之间的通信可能受到限制。例如,如上所述,在一些实施例中,LCP 302/304可以仅通过其他传感器/设备310与外部设备306通信,其中LCP 302/304向其他传感器/设备310发送信号,并且其他传感器/设备310将接收到的信号中继到外部设备306。
在一些情况下,系统300的各种设备可以使用传导的通信信号经由路径308进行通信。相应地,系统300的设备可以具有允许这种传导通信的组件。例如,系统300的设备可以被配置为经由发射设备的一个或多个电极将传导的通信信号(例如,用电流和/或电压脉冲间断的电压和/或电流波形,在本文中被称为电通信脉冲)发射到患者体内并且可以经由接收设备的一个或多个电极接收传导的通信信号。患者的身体可以将传导通信信号从发射设备的一个或多个电极“传导”到系统300中的接收设备的电极。在这样的实施例中,被递送的传导通信信号可以不同于起搏脉冲、除颤和/或心脏复律脉冲或其他电刺激治疗信号。例如,系统300的设备可以以为亚阈值的幅度/脉冲宽度递送电通信脉冲。也就是说,通信脉冲具有设计为不捕获心脏的幅度/脉冲宽度。在一些情况下,所递送的电通信脉冲的幅度/脉冲宽度可以高于心脏的捕获阈值,但是可以在心脏的不应期间递送和/或如果需要可以并入起搏脉冲中或调制到起搏脉冲上。
另外,不同于正常的电刺激治疗脉冲,电通信脉冲可以以传达信息给接收设备的特定序列递送。例如,被递送的电通信脉冲可以以任何合适的方式被调制以编码所传送的信息。在一些情况下,通信脉冲可以是脉宽调制和/或幅度调制的。可选地或另外地,脉冲之间的时间可以被调制以编码期望的信息。在一些情况下,预定义的通信脉冲序列可以表示相应的符号(例如逻辑“1”符号、逻辑“0”符号、ATP治疗触发符号等)。在一些情况下,根据需要,传导的通信脉冲可以是电压脉冲、电流脉冲、双相电压脉冲、双相电流脉冲或任何其他合适的电脉冲。
图4描绘了可以被配置为一起操作的示例性医疗设备系统400。例如,系统400可以包括多个设备,其植入患者体内并被配置为感测生理信号、确定心律失常的发生并且递送电刺激以治疗检测到的心律失常。在一些实施例中,系统400的设备可以被配置为确定系统400的一个或多个设备的移动的发生。在图4中,示出了被固定到心脏410的右心室的内部的LCP 402,并且脉冲发生器406被示出为耦合到具有一个或多个电极408a-408c的引线412。在一些情况下,脉冲发生器406可以是皮下可植入心脏复律除颤器(SICD)的一部分,并且一个或多个电极408a-408c可以位于皮下地与心脏相邻。LCP 402可以例如经由通信路径308与SICD进行通信。图4中所描绘的LCP 402、脉冲生成器406、引线412以及电极408a-c的位置可以只是示例性的。在系统400的其他实施例中,根据需要,LCP 402可以定位在心脏的左心室、右心房或左心房中。在其他实施例中,LCP 402可以在外部邻近心脏410或甚至远离心脏410植入。
医疗设备系统400还可以包括外部支持设备420。外部支持设备420可以使用在此描述的一个或多个通信技术执行诸如设备识别、设备编程和/或在设备之间的实时和/或存储数据的传输的功能或涉及与系统400的一个或多个设备通信的其他功能。作为一个示例,外部支持设备420和脉冲发生器406之间的通信可以经由无线模式来执行,并且脉冲发生器406与LCP402之间的通信可以经由传导通信模式来执行。在一些实施例中,LCP 402和外部支持设备420之间的通信通过经由脉冲发生器406发送通信信息来实现。然而,在其他实施例中,LCP402和外部支持设备420之间的通信可以经由通信模块。
图4仅示出了可以被配置为根据在此公开的技术进行操作的医疗设备系统的一个示例实施例。其他示例性医疗设备系统可以包括另外的或不同的医疗设备和/或配置。例如,适合根据在此公开的技术操作的其他医疗设备系统可以包括植入在心脏内的附加LCP。另一个示例性医疗设备系统可以包括具有或不具有其他设备(例如脉冲发生器406)的多个LCP,其中至少一个LCP能够递送除颤治疗。又一个示例可以包括与经静脉起搏器一起植入并与SICD一起植入或不与SICD一起植入的一个或多个LCP。在其他实施例中,医疗设备、引线和/或电极的配置或放置可以不同于图4中所描绘的那些。因此,应该认识到,与图4中所描绘的系统400不同的许多其他医疗设备系统可以根据在此公开的技术操作。这样,图4所示的实施例不应以任何方式将其视为限制。
在一些实施例中,LCP 100可以被配置为基于确定出的患者的行为状态来修改LCP100的操作。例如,LCP 100可以基于由LCP 100的传感器生成的信号来确定患者的行为状态。下面描述的技术更具体地详细描述了LCP 100可以如何确定患者的行为状态以及LCP100基于确定的行为状态调整哪个或哪些操作。另外,虽然下面描述的技术是关于LCP 100描述的,但是这些技术可以由任何合适的医疗设备应用。例如,诸如MD 200的设备可以包括一个或多个传感器以确定患者的行为状态。当如此提供时,这样的设备可以利用所公开的技术。
在一些情况下,患者的行为状态可能与患者的姿势有关。在这些实施例中的一些中,LCP 100可以包括加速度计并且可以被配置为基于从加速度计感测到的信号来确定患者的姿势。加速计可以是三轴加速计,但这不是必需的。例如,加速度计可以具有一个或两个轴。
图5是示出了沿着共同时间轴的示例性心电信号502(例如ECG)以及三轴加速度计的对应加速度计信号504、506、508和510的曲线图500。曲线图500的信号追踪可以表示当LCP 100附接到患者心脏的壁时由LCP 100感测到或生成的信号。例如,信号502可表示由LCP 100感测到的心电信号502。信号504、506和508可表示来自由LCP 100的三轴加速度计生成的不同轴的信号。信号510可表示加速度计量级信号,这可以通过对信号504、506和508进行求和或者对信号504、506和508的绝对值进行求和来确定。在其他实施例中,信号510可以表示由信号504、506和508的其他组合生成的不同信号,诸如信号504、506和508的均方根或和的平方根或信号504、506和508的任何其它求导。
LCP 100可以被配置为在某个时间周期期间感测信号504、506、508和/或510中的一个或多个。例如,为了“感测”信号中的一个或多个,可以设想LCP100可以被配置为在处理模块110处接收和处理信号504、506、508和/或510。而当信号中的一个或多个未被“感测到”时,LCP 100的处理模块110可以不接收和/或处理信号504、506、508和/或510。在一些实施例中,为了“感测”信号504、506、508和/或510,LCP 100可以经由开关、多路复用器等将加速度计的输出连接到处理模块110。在其他实施例中,加速度计可以被配置为当要感测加速度计时(例如,当需要感测时可以由处理模块110启用加速度计)仅输出有效信号504、506、508和/或510。在一些情况下,LCP 100可以通过加速度计来控制信号504、506、508和/或510的生成。例如,LCP 100可以控制何时向加速度计提供功率,并且当功率被提供给加速度计时加速度计可以仅生成信号504、506、508和/或510。在一些情况下,LCP 100可以在LCP 100将感测一个或多个加速度计信号的时间周期期间将加速度计从较低功率状态(例如,睡眠模式)切换到较高功率状态(例如,唤醒或活动模式)。在较低功率状态期间,加速度计可以不提供用于LCP 100感测和/或采样的可感知信号。在一些情况下,并且在处理模块110是数字设备的情况下,当期望感测时,A/D转换器可以对信号504、506、508和/或510进行采样。这些只是信号504、506、508和/或510如何在某个时间周期期间被“感测到”的一些示例。
LCP 100可以被配置为在预定时间周期期间感测一个或多个信号。这样的预定时间周期可以由图5中的感测周期512a-512d表示。感测周期512a-512d可以以规律的间隔发生,诸如每五秒、每秒、每八百毫秒、每七百毫秒或任何其他合适的值。或者,LCP 100可以在每次跳动之后、每隔一次跳动一次、每五次跳动一次或以任何其他合适的频率和/或持续时间启动感测周期512a-512d。在至少一些情况下,LCP 100可以根据患者的心率来调整间隔,使得在心脏周期的相同部分期间发生连续的感测周期512a-512d(例如,当心脏安静时,诸如心跳之间)。
在一些情况下,LCP 100可以基于心电信号502的一个或多个检测到的特征来实现感测周期512a-512d。例如,LCP 100可以检测心电信号502的一个或多个特征,诸如心电事件511。心电事件511可以表示由LCP 100检测到的R波或其他形态学特征。在检测到心电事件511时,LCP 100可以启动时间延迟,例如时间延迟514。在时间延迟514到期时,LCP 100可以启动感测周期512a-512d,在此期间,LCP 100可以“感测”诸如信号504、506、508和/或510的一个或多个信号。在至少一些情况下,LCP 100可以基于患者的心率调整时间延迟514。例如,当心率处于相对较高的心率时,LCP 100可以缩短时间延迟514,并且当心率处于相对较低的心率时,LCP 100可以延长时间延迟514。这可以帮助LCP100在心脏周期的相同或类似部分期间(例如,在心脏的极化/复极化之间的退出周期(quit period)期间)持续启动感测周期512a-512d。
在一些情况下,时间延迟514的长度可以被选择为与心脏相对机械不活动的心脏周期的一部分对齐,如图5所示。例如,时间延迟514可以被选择为使得它在下一次心跳开始之前在大约五十毫秒到大约一百五十毫秒之间到期。在心脏周期的这部分期间,心脏肌肉在充满血液时可以处于相对放松的状态。因此,在心脏周期的这一部分期间,LCP 100的取向可以处于相对一致的位置。这可以允许LCP 100更容易地检测患者的当前姿势,如下面更详细解释的。在其他实施例中,加速度计或其他传感器可以被植入心脏外部的患者内,并且可以向LCP 100发射姿势的指示。
图6和图7描绘了LCP 100如何确定患者姿势的示例性方法的流程图。图6描绘了如何根据患者的不同姿势对LCP 100进行编程的方法600的流程图。在所示的示例中,一旦LCP100已经植入患者的心脏内,LCP 100就可以接收患者处于规定姿势的指示,如602所示。例如,患者可以以直立姿势放置,并且这可以经由外部支持设备(例如外部支持设备420)传送给LCP 100,外部支持设备在一些实施例中可以是设备编程器。医生可以在使设备编程器将姿势传送给LCP 100之前物理验证患者处于直立姿势。
一旦LCP 100已经接收到姿势的指示,LCP 100可以对加速度计信号进行采样,如604所示。例如,LCP 100可以向加速度计提供功率,使得加速度计可以生成加速度计信号,并且LCP 100可以在预定的时间周期内对加速度计信号进行采样同时患者处于所定义的姿势。在加速度计总是生成加速度计信号的实施例中,LCP 100可以简单地被激活以在患者处于限定姿势时在预定的时间周期期间采样所生成的信号。
在至少一些实施例中,LCP 100可以在该编程期间仅捕获加速度计信号的单个样本。从这个单个被捕获的样本中,LCP 100可以生成高加速度计信号值和低加速度计信号值。例如,LCP 100可以生成大约百分之一、大约百分之二、大约百分之三、大约百分之五、大约百分之八、大约百分之十或大约百分之十五的高和低加速度计信号值,或者高于和低于采样值的另一个其他合适的百分比值。LCP 100可以使用这些高和低加速度计信号值作为指示姿势的模板。
贯穿本公开,术语“加速度计信号”通常可以指由加速度计生成的一个或所有信号,例如信号504、506、508和/或510。在LCP 100是三轴加速度计的情况下,加速度计可以同时生成其三个轴中的每一个的信号。这些单独的信号在此可以被称为“加速度计信号”以便于描述,并且可以对每个信号执行所描述的步骤或分析。例如,当LCP 100感测或采样加速度计信号时,LCP 100可以感测或采样每个生成的加速度计信号。因此,当LCP 100在诸如感测周期512a-512d的特定收集周期期间感测到加速度计信号时,LCP 100可以在特定感测周期期间感测表示加速度计的不同轴的每个信号。类似地,在LCP 100处理加速度计信号的情况下,LCP 100可以以相同的方式处理每个加速度计信号。在一些情况下,LCP可以仅处理可用加速度计信号的子集,诸如仅组合信号510。
一旦LCP 100已经感测或采样了加速度计信号,LCP 100可以将感测到或所采样的加速度计信号存储在存储器中,如在606所示。该存储的加速度计信号可以表示与所定义的姿势相对应的模板。在一些情况下,存储的加速度计信号被处理以形成包络和/或从存储的加速度计信号中提取某些特征以定义对应于所定义的姿势的模板。这可以针对两种或更多种不同的定义姿势(例如,直立姿势、躺下姿势、俯卧姿势、仰卧姿势、坐姿或任何其它合适的姿势)重复。如将在下面关于图7更详细描述的,LCP 100可以使用所存储的模板来确定患者的当前姿势。
一旦根据一个或多个定义的姿势(例如通过实施示例性方法600)已经对LCP 100进行编程,LCP 100就可以基于LCP 100的感测到或所采样的加速度计信号连续地或周期性地确定患者的当前姿势。图7描绘了LCP 100如何可确定患者的当前姿势的示例性方法620的流程图。如622所示,LCP 100可以感测或采样当前加速度计信号。在一些情况下,LCP 100可以向加速度计提供功率,使得加速度计可以生成加速度计信号,并且然后LCP 100可以在预定义的时间周期内感测或采样加速度计信号。
如624所示,LCP 100然后可以将感测到或所采样的加速度计信号与一个或多个存储的模板进行比较。在一些情况下,LCP 100可以在感测到或所采样的加速度计信号和一个或多个存储的模板之间执行一个或多个相关性分析,诸如互相关分析。例如,在相对简单的方法中,LCP 100可以确定所采样的加速度计信号的高值与模板的高值之间和/或所采样的加速度计信号的低值与模板的低值之间的差的绝对值。LCP 100然后可以将这些值与一个或多个阈值进行比较以确定是否存在与存储的模板匹配。这只是一个示例。如果发现匹配,则LCP 100可以确定患者的当前姿势对应于匹配模板的姿势,如626所示。
在其中每个模板包括高和低加速度计信号值的实施例中,LCP 100可以将感测到的加速度计信号与每个模板的高和低加速度计信号值进行比较。然后,LCP100可以确定当前姿态是对应于当前感测到的加速度计信号落在其之间的高和低加速度计信号值的姿势。
或者,LCP 100可以实施更复杂的处理以确定当前姿势。作为一个示例,在LCP 100包括三轴加速度计的情况下,LCP 100可以确定当前感测到的加速度计信号与还包括矢量的姿势模板中的每个之间的矢量差。然后,LCP 100可以确定当前感测到的加速度计信号矢量与模板矢量之间的差的绝对值(例如,三个通道中的每个的值的绝对差的总和)并将该差值与阈值进行比较。如果LCP 100确定针对给定姿势模板的这种差小于阈值差,则LCP 100确定当前姿势是给定姿势。在替代示例中,LCP 100可以使用其他值,诸如矢量的和平方距离来确定姿势。
在又其他替代实施例中,LCP 100可以使用除矢量之间的简单差之外的其他比较或处理。相反,LCP 100可以使用比较矢量的其他一般方式,例如使用比率或滚动平均趋势等。
此外,LCP 100可以使用少于全部可用通道的组合来确定姿势。例如,LCP100可以仅使用三个通道中的两个来确定当前姿态,而不是所有可用通道。
通常,LCP 100可以使用方法620来每分钟一次、每五分钟一次、每十分钟一次、每三十分钟一次、每小时一次、每两小时一次、每三小时一次或另一个其他合适的时间周期来确定患者的当前姿势。可替代地或另外地,LCP 100可以确定患者每次心跳、每隔一次心跳、每五次心跳或以任何其它合适频率的当前姿势。
可替代地或另外地,例如,如果心率上升或下降到心率阈值以下,则LCP 100可以基于与患者的心率相对应的一个或多个阈值来确定患者的当前姿势。可替代地或另外地,LCP 100可以被配置为基于从LCP 100外部的另一个设备接收到的一个或多个消息来确定患者的当前姿势。例如,另一个LCP、SICD、传感器或任何其他外部设备可以感测患者的当前姿势和/或姿势变化,并向LCP 100发送指示感测到的姿势和/或姿势变化的消息。这些仅仅是LCP 100可以确定和/或更新患者的姿势的其他方法的一些示例。预期LCP 100可以根据需要使用这些示例技术中的多于一种以及这些或其他技术的任何组合来确定和/或验证患者的当前姿势。
在一些情况下,患者的行为状态可以与患者的活动水平有关。例如,LCP 100可以使用在感测周期512a-512d期间感测到的信号来跟踪患者活动水平。为了确定患者活动水平,LCP 100可以确定当前感测到的加速度计信号与先前感测到的加速度计信号(例如在紧接的前一感测周期期间感测到的加速度计信号)之间的差。LCP 100可以基于该确定出的差生成患者活动参数。在一些情况下,当LCP 100感测到新的当前加速度计信号时,LCP 100可以存储所确定的差并且可以在滚动的基础上生成新确定出的差。在一些情况下,LCP 100可以从多个这些确定出的差确定患者活动参数。例如,LCP 100可以将差总和在一起以生成患者活动参数。LCP 100可以将患者活动参数与一个或多个阈值进行比较以确定患者的活动水平。两个阈值之间或高于或低于阈值的区域可以表示预定的患者活动水平。在一些情况下,患者活动水平可以是数字,并且患者活动水平可以仅仅是患者活动参数。通常,低患者活动水平可以指示相对较少的患者活动或移动,因为当前感测到的加速度计信号与先前感测到的加速度计信号之间的差可能小。同样,较大的确定出的差可以指示相对较大的患者活动或移动。在一些情况下,患者的行为状态可以是患者姿势和患者活动水平两者的组合。
在任何这些实施例中,可以设想,LCP 100可以被配置为基于患者的行为状态来改变LCP 100进行操作的一种或多种方式。图8描绘了LCP 100可以如何改变其操作的一个示例。图8描绘了相同时间轴上的心电信号702和加速度计信号704。在图8的示例中,LCP 100最初可以根据非行为状态进行操作。例如,LCP 100可以先前已经确定患者具有与非活动行为状态(例如躺下)相关的姿势、患者活动水平低于指示非活动行为状态的阈值或两者。当根据非活动行为状态进行操作并且在检测到心电事件711时,LCP 100可以在延迟周期714之后启动感测周期705。延迟周期714可以具有这样的值,使得感测周期705落在其中心脏是相对机械非活动的心脏循环的稍后部分中,例如上面关于图5所描述的。感测周期705'可以进一步具有延迟周期714'。LCP 100可以在感测周期705期间收集加速度计信号数据。例如,LCP 100的处理模块110可以感测或采样由加速度计生成的信号704或从加速度计接收信号704或信号704的样本。基于所收集的加速度计数据,LCP 100可以确定患者的姿势和/或患者的活动水平,如前所述。
在图8的示例中,LCP 100可以基于在感测周期705期间收集到的加速度计信号数据来确定患者的行为状态已经改变。例如,LCP 100可以确定患者的姿势已经从与非活动行为状态相关联的姿势改变为与活动行为状态相关联的姿势。或者,LCP 100可以基于收集到的加速度计信号数据确定患者的活动水平已超过指示患者处于活动行为状态的阈值。在更进一步的实施例中,LCP 100可以确定两个度量指示患者现在处于活动行为状态。
在确定患者处于活动行为状态之后,LCP 100可以调整感测周期705的长度。例如,在下一个心脏循环期间,从心电事件711'开始,LCP 100可以启动感测周期705'。感测周期705'可以在延迟周期714'之后启动,其在一些实施例中可以是相同的延迟周期714,并且在其它实施例中可以不同于延迟周期714。另外,感测周期705'可以具有大于感测周期705的长度的长度。以这种方式,LCP 100可以在LCP 100已经确定患者处于活动行为状态的时间期间以更高的分辨率(例如,更长的时间长度,以更高的采样速率和/或以更高的位计数)观察感测到的加速度计信号。在LCP100还充当治疗递送设备(例如,起搏器)的情况下,这种更大的分辨率可以允许LCP100更高效地和/或有效地调整被递送的治疗以匹配患者的生理需求。在一些情况下,当不需要更精确的感测时(例如在患者非活动时间周期期间),这也可以允许LCP 100通过限制感测周期的跨度、降低采样速率和/或减少位计数来节省电池功率。
尽管在图8中未示出,但是LCP 100还可以确定患者何时从活动行为状态转变为非活动行为状态和/或反之亦然。例如,在感测周期705'期间,LCP 100可以确定患者的姿势已经改变回到与非活动的行为状态相关联的姿势、活动水平已经降低到阈值以下、或者两者。在这些示例中,LCP 100可以切换回使用具有比感测周期705'更短的长度的感测周期、降低采样速率和/或减少位计数。
图8仅描绘了LCP 100可以被配置为如何基于患者的行为状态的确定变化来改变操作的一个示例。在附加或替代实施例中,LCP 100可以改变采样速率。例如,在确定从非活动行为状态到活动行为状态的改变之后,LCP 100可以增加加速计(或其他传感器)信号的采样速率。类似地,在确定从活动行为状态到非活动行为状态的改变之后,LCP 100可以降低加速度计(或其它传感器)信号的采样速率。
在一些进一步的或另选的实施例中,LCP 100可以在确定患者行为状态的改变时调整加速度计的操作。例如,加速度计可以被配置为以多种模式操作。一些示例模式可以包括其中加速度计不产生可感知的信号的睡眠模式和其中加速度计确实产生适合于进一步处理的信号的唤醒模式。在一些情况下,加速度计可能有多个唤醒模式。例如,加速度计可以具有低功率唤醒模式,其中加速度计以大约1Hz至大约2Hz之间的速率产生加速度计信号的样本,并且其中加速度计产生具有大约6位到大约8位的位计数的信号或信号的样本。加速度计可以具有高功率唤醒模式,其中加速度计以大约200Hz至大约400Hz之间的速率产生加速度计信号的样本,并且其中加速度计产生具有大约12位到大约16位的位计数的信号或信号的样本。在这些情况下,LCP 100在确定从非活动行为状态改变为活动行为状态时可以将加速度计从睡眠模式改变为任何唤醒模式,或者从低功率唤醒模式改变为高功率唤醒模式。在确定从活动行为状态到非活动行为状态的改变之后,LCP 100可以做相反的事情。在一些情况下,加速度计可以具有其他唤醒模式,其中加速度计以采样速率和/或位计数的其他组合产生加速度计信号的样本。
在一些情况下,LCP 100可以确定患者是否处于多个活动行为状态之一。当如此提供时,当LCP 100确定从相对较不活动的行为状态到相对较更活动的行为状态的改变时,LCP 100可以将加速计从睡眠模式转变到低功率唤醒模式,然后从低功率唤醒模式转变到高功率唤醒模式。作为一个示例,在确定患者姿势的改变之后,LCP 100可以确定患者已经从非活动行为状态转变为低活动行为状态。LCP 100可以被配置为将加速计从睡眠模式转变到低功率唤醒模式,或者从低功率唤醒模式转变到另一个较高功率唤醒模式。然后LCP100可以在确定患者的活动水平增加到阈值以上之后确定患者已经从低活动行为状态转变为高活动行为状态。LCP 100然后可以将加速度计从低功率唤醒模式或另一个较高功率唤醒模式转变到高功率唤醒模式。此外,当LCP 100确定患者的行为状态从相对较活动的行为状态到相对较不活动的行为状态的转变时,LCP 100可以执行这些操作的逆过程。
在附加或替代实施例中,LCP 100可以基于患者的确定的行为状态来改变感测周期的频率。例如,在非活动的行为状态中,LCP 100可以每隔一个心脏周期一次(例如在每隔一个检测到的R波之后)、每三次心脏周期一次、每五次心脏周期一次、每八次心脏周期一次或以任何其他合适的频率启动感测周期。当LCP100确定从相对较不活动的行为状态到相对较活动的行为状态的转变时,LCP100可以增加感测周期的频率。在至少一些实施例中,在LCP 100具有多个级别的活动行为状态的情况下,LCP 100可以将不同频率与每个活动行为状态相关联,使得在LCP 100确定从较不活动的行为状态到较活动的行为状态的转变时感测的频率增加。类似地,如果需要,在确定从相对较活动的行为状态到相对较不活动的行为状态的转变之后LCP 100可以降低感测的频率。
上述实施例集中于加速度计的改变或LCP 100如何基于患者的确定出的行为状态生成或感测加速度计信号的改变。然而,在一些情况下,LCP 100可以附加地或可选地调整LCP 100的其他传感器的操作。例如,LCP 100可以包括用于感测患者的不同生理参数的传感器,诸如陀螺仪、温度传感器、压力传感器、流量传感器和血氧传感器。LCP 100可以基于行为状态的确定变化来调整任何或所有可用传感器的操作。这些传感器的操作可以以类似于上面关于加速度计所描述的方式来调整。在一些情况下,LCP 100可以打开或关闭一个或多个感测模式。例如,当从相对较不活动的行为状态转变为相对较活动的行为状态时,LCP100可以启动心房-心室(AV)定时感测和/或T波感测。在LCP 100充当治疗递送设备的情况下,这些额外的感测到的参数可以帮助LCP 100更高效地和/或有效地向患者递送治疗。
在一些情况下,LCP 100可以等待,直到LCP 100已经在多个连续感测周期的过程上确定行为状态相对于先前的行为状态已经改变为止。也就是说,LCP100可以等待以确认患者在多个连续感测周期上处于新的行为状态,而不是基于对行为状态的转变的单次确定来改变其操作。如果患者确认处于新的行为状态,则LCP 100可以根据上述技术改变其操作。在一些情况下,LCP 100可以确认在三个、四个、五个或更多个连续感测周期上的行为状态改变。在一些情况下,LCP 100可以在预定数量的感测周期(诸如三个、四个或五个感测周期)上感测,并且可以仅在确定在大多数、超过大多数或全部感测周期中在新的行为状态中发现行为状态之后才改变操作。
如所提及的,在一些情况下,LCP 100可以作为诸如起搏器的治疗递送设备进行操作。当如此提供时,LCP100可以经由电极114/114'将电刺激脉冲(例如起搏脉冲)递送至患者的心脏,以使心脏收缩。在一些情况下,LCP 100可以以速率自适应的方式递送电刺激脉冲。例如,LCP 100可以基于感测到的信号使用一个或多个感测到的信号和/或确定出的参数来调整起搏速率,例如,电刺激脉冲递送到心脏的速率。信号和/或参数可以提供心脏负荷的指示。心脏的心脏输出可以通过例如增加或减少起搏速率与心脏负荷匹配。
在一些情况下,LCP 100可以基于患者的位置和/或行为状态来调整起搏速率。例如,当LCP 100检测到患者何时从相对较不活动的行为状态转变为相对较活动的行为状态时,LCP 100可以增加起搏速率。在一些情况下,LCP 100可以使用其他算法来计算响应于患者活动的起搏速率,诸如基于患者呼吸和/或患者血液温度确定起搏速率。然而,这些其他算法可能对患者的位置和/或行为状态的改变反应较慢。因此,并且在一些情况下,基于患者的位置和/或行为状态来调整起搏速率可以允许更快速地调整起搏速率并且可以保持控制直到其他较慢反应速率响应起搏算法变得有效为止。在一些情况下,这可以有助于减少起立性低血压。
图9中示出了LCP 100可如何操作的一个示例。图9是示出基于感测到的行为状态改变的示例性起搏速率对于时间的曲线图730。在时间731处,LCP 100可以确定患者的行为状态的改变,例如患者从非直立姿势(例如,躺下或俯卧或仰卧)到直立姿势的姿势变化。在确定这种改变时,LCP 100可以临时增加起搏速率,如图9所示。如所描绘的,LCP 100可以将起搏速率从P1升高到P2。从P1到P2的改变可以表示LCP 100将起搏频率改变预定量,或者可以表示LCP100将起搏频率增加到预定水平P2。一旦达到速率P2,LCP 100可以在预定的时间长度734内维持该起搏速率。在时间长度734到期时,LCP 100可以将起搏速率降低回到水平P1。
在一些情况下,LCP 100可以在确定从直立姿势到非直立姿势的改变之后实现类似的功能。例如,在时间733处,LCP 100可以确定患者从直立姿势到非直立姿势的姿势变化。在做出该确定时,LCP 100可以将起搏速率从P1增加到P2,并且可以在时间长度734内维持该速率。在时间长度734到期时,LCP 100可以将起搏速率降低回到水平P1。
如图9所示,从水平P1到P2的改变被示出为对数或自然对数变化。然而,在一些情况下,从水平P1到P2的改变可以是立即的改变。在其他实施例中,LCP100可以以离散的步骤将速率从水平P1改变到P2。一般来说,这些只是LCP 100可以将起搏速率从水平P1改变为P2的一些示例性方法。同样,从水平P2回到P1的转变被描述为具有衰减的指数形状。然而,根据需要,从水平P2回到P1的转变可以是任何合适的转变。
在一些附加或替代实施例中,时间长度734可以表示计时器。在至少一些情况下,在时间长度734期间从非直立姿势到直立姿势的转变的额外确定可以充当重置时间长度734。作为一个示例,在时间735处,LCP 100可以确定患者的姿势从非直立姿势改变为直立姿势。在该确定之后,如所讨论的,LCP 100可以增加起搏速率并开始计时器。然而,在计时器运行时,LCP 100在时间737处可以确定从非直立姿势到直立姿势的另一个转变。例如,在时间735之后但在时间737之前,患者可能已经将姿势从直立姿势改变为非直立姿势,然后再次从非直立姿势改变为直立姿势,如在时间737处。在这些实施例中,LCP 100可以在时间737处重置定时器,由此在更长的时间周期内将起搏速率保持在水平P2,如图9所示。
在一些附加或替代实施例中,LCP 100如何基于所确定的患者的行为状态调整起搏速率可以基于一个或多个其它因素来改变。作为一个示例,基于当前起搏速率,在确定从非直立姿势向直立姿势的转变之后,LCP 100可以改变增加多少起搏速率。例如,对于相对较高的当前起搏速率,与当LCP 100当前以相对较低的起搏速率起搏时相比,LCP 100可以在确定从非直立姿势向直立姿势的转变之后相对较少地增加起搏速率。类似地,在确定从非直立姿势到直立姿势的转变之后,LCP 100还可以或替代地相对较少地增加起搏速率,其中与当压力信号(DP/DT)相对较低时相比由LCP 100感测到的压力相关信号(例如DP/DT)相对较高。
应该理解的是,基于患者的行为状态的图9所示的起搏速率只是LCP 100可以实现的一种速率驱动。例如,LCP 100可以基于不同的信号或信号组来确定多个不同的起搏速率。然后LCP 100可以以所有确定的起搏速率的最高速率递送电刺激脉冲。以这种方式,LCP100可以实施混合起搏速率驱动。作为一个示例,在LCP 100确定从非直立姿势到直立姿势的转变之后,LCP 100可以增加基于患者姿势确定出的起搏速率。在这种增加使得基于姿势的起搏速率达到最高速率的情况下,LCP 100将根据这种姿势起搏速率递送电刺激脉冲。然而,在时间长度734之后,如图9所示,LCP 100可以开始降低基于患者姿势确定出的起搏速率。当该起搏速率开始下降时,它可能下降到由LCP 100确定出的另一个起搏速率(例如基于患者的呼吸速率和/或血液温度的起搏速率)以下。当基于姿势确定出的起搏速率低于基于呼吸速率和/或血液温度确定出的起搏速率时,LCP 100可能将以由呼吸起搏速率和/或血液温度指示的速率递送电刺激脉冲。
在一些情况下,LCP 100可以使用一个或多个信号或确定出的参数来修改当前的起搏速率,例如,最高速率驱动,而不是根据一个或多个信号或确定出的参数确定完全独立的起搏速率。作为一个示例,LCP 100可以跟踪患者的活动水平。图10描绘了LCP 100可如何基于患者的活动水平改变当前起搏速率742的示例。当前起搏速率742可以表示LCP 100将电刺激脉冲递送至患者心脏的实际速率。在图10的示例中,在时间t=0处,由LCP 100确定出的患者活动参数可以处于其最低水平,并且LCP 100可以将当前起搏速率742设置为速率A1。在时间741处,LCP 100可以确定患者活动参数从第一活动水平到下一个最高活动水平的改变,诸如从最低水平到第一较高水平。例如,在时间741处,LCP 100可以确定患者活动参数超过第一阈值。一旦确定这个改变,LCP 100可以将当前起搏速率742从速率A1调整到速率A2,如图10所示。当患者活动参数保持在第一阈值上方时,LCP 100可以保持这种新的起搏速率。在时间743处,LCP 100可以确定患者活动参数已经增加到第二甚至较高阈值上方。因此,并且在所示的示例中,LCP 100可以将当前起搏速率742增加至速率A3并且维持该增加的起搏速率。在时间745处,LCP 100可以确定患者活动参数已经增加到第三甚至较高阈值上方,并且可以将当前起搏速率742增加至A4,并且当患者活动参数保持在第三阈值上方时维持这个新的起搏速率。
以类似的方式,当LCP 100确定患者活动参数已经下降到第一、第二阈值和/或第三阈值(或其他阈值)以下时,LCP 100可以降低当前起搏速率742。在图10所示的示例中,LCP 100可以在时间747处确定患者活动参数已经下降到第三阈值以下,并且可以将当前起搏速率742降低回到速率A3。类似地,在时间749和751处,LCP 100可以确定患者活动参数已经分别下降到第二阈值和第一阈值以下,并且可以将当前起搏速率742降低到速率A2,然后降低到速率A1。在一些情况下,当降低起搏频率时使用的阈值可以与当增加起搏频率时使用的阈值不同。在一些情况下,这对于提供滞后水平可能有用,当患者活动参数移动大约阈值之一时,这可以帮助减少起搏速率的改变。
尽管图10的示例示出患者活动参数的连续变化,但是LCP 100可以以类似的方式操作,其中LCP 100确定患者活动参数在低于一个阈值时升高到接下来的两个或更多个阈值上方。例如,在图10的示例中,如果LCP 100确定当当前起搏速率742处于速率A1时患者活动参数升高到第三阈值上方,则LCP 100可将当前起搏速率742从速率A1增加到速率A4。
另外,虽然曲线图740示出了当前起搏速率742以稍微指数的方式增加和降低,但应该理解,在其他示例中,斜坡上升和斜坡下降的形状可以不同。例如,斜坡上升和斜坡下降的形状可以是具有恒定的斜率的对数曲线或自然对数曲线的,可以包括离散的阶梯,或者可以采取任何其他合适的形状。
在一些情况下,可以将新的较高起搏速率742添加到另一个计算出的起搏速率,例如,基于呼吸信号、血液温度信号等确定出的起搏速率。其他计算出的起搏速率可以对患者的位置和/或行为状态的改变作出较缓慢的反应。当如此提供时,在其他计算出的起搏速率随时间变化时当前起搏速率742可以上下波动,但可以通过起搏速率742保持在其它计算出的起搏速率上方。在其他情况下,由LCP 100设置的新的起搏速率可能不被添加到其他计算出的起搏频率,而是可能充当起搏频率的底线。当如此提供时,如果其他计算出的起搏速率升高到起搏速率742上方,则其他计算出的起搏速率可以接管并且驱动心脏的起搏速率。
在一些替代实施例中,代替直接调整当前起搏速率742,LCP 100可以替代地调整可以间接调整当前起搏速率742的较低速率限制(LRL)。LRL可以充当起搏速率的低阈值或底线。例如,如果所有确定出的起搏率均低于LRL,则LCP100仍可以使患者的心跳起搏至少与LRL一样快。因此,并且在一些情况下,在确定患者活动参数的增加之后,LCP 100可以增加LRL。同样,如果LCP 100确定患者活动参数已经从当前水平下降,则LCP 100可以降低LRL。如果任何确定出的起搏速率高于新的LRL,则LCP 100将以较高的速率起搏。
本领域技术人员将认识到,本公开可以以除本文中所描述和预期的特定实施例以外的各种形式来表现。例如,如本文所述,各种实施例包括被描述为执行各种功能的一个或多个模块。然而,其他实施例可以包括将所描述的功能分开到比这里描述的模块更多的模块的附加模块。另外,其他实施例可以将所描述的功能合并成更少的模块。
尽管可能已经关于少于所有实施例描述了各种特征,但是本公开预期这些特征可以被包括在任何实施例中。此外,尽管这里描述的实施例可能已经省略了各种所描述的特征的一些组合,但本公开预期了包括每个描述的特征的任何组合的实施例。因此,可以在不脱离所附权利要求中所描述的本公开的范围和精神的情况下进行形式和细节上的偏离。
Claims (15)
1.一种无引线心脏起搏器(LCP),包括:
多个电极;
传感器;
控制器,连接到所述多个电极和所述传感器,所述控制器被配置为:
检测行为状态的改变;
响应于检测到所述行为状态的改变,改变由所述传感器生成的传感器信号的采样速率;
使用所采样的传感器信号确定更新后的起搏速率;和
基于所述更新后的起搏速率向所述多个电极递送起搏脉冲。
2.根据权利要求1所述的LCP,其中所述传感器具有较低功率模式和较高功率模式,并且其中所述控制器:
使用所述较低功率模式下的传感器来检测所述行为状态的改变;和
响应于检测到所述行为状态的改变,将所述传感器切换到所述较高功率模式。
3.根据权利要求2所述的LCP,其中所述较低功率模式是低功率休眠模式,并且所述较高功率模式是唤醒模式。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的LCP,其中所述行为状态的改变对应于姿势的改变。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的LCP,其中所述行为状态的改变对应于活动水平的改变。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的LCP,其中所述传感器是加速度计。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的LCP,其中所述传感器是阻抗传感器、压力传感器、流量传感器、温度传感器、陀螺仪、声学传感器和血氧传感器中的一个或多个。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的LCP,其中响应于检测到所述患者的行为状态的改变,所述控制器进一步被配置为改变用于采样由所述传感器生成的所述传感器信号的采样时间窗口。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的LCP,其中在检测到从非活动行为状态到活动行为状态的改变时,所述无引线心脏起搏器确定更新后的起搏速率,所述更新后的起搏速率增加以减少所述患者中的起立性张力。
10.根据权利要求9所述的LCP,其中在检测到从所述活动行为状态到所述非活动行为状态的改变时,所述控制器进一步被配置为确定降低的更新后的起搏速率。
11.根据权利要求9-10中任一项所述的LCP,其中在检测到从所述活动行为状态到所述非活动行为状态的改变时,所述控制器进一步被配置为降低由所述传感器生成的所述传感器信号的采样速率。
12.根据权利要求9-11中任一项所述的LCP,其中在检测到从所述非活动行为状态到所述活动行为状态的改变时,所述控制器进一步被配置为增加由所述传感器生成的所述传感器信号的采样速率。
13.根据权利要求9-12中任一项所述的LCP,其中在检测到从所述活动行为状态到所述非活动行为状态的改变时,所述控制器进一步被配置为降低较低速率限制(LRL),并且在检测到从所述非活动行为状态到所述活动行为状态的改变时,所述控制器进一步被配置为提高所述较低速率限制(LRL)。
14.一种方法,包括:
通过无引线心脏起搏器,使用传感器感测预定生理参数,所述无引线心脏起搏器能够以具有较低分辨率的较低功率感测模式和具有较高分辨率的较高功率感测模式感测所述预定生理参数;
通过所述无引线心脏起搏器,检测从两个或更多个预定姿势中的第一个预定姿势到两个或更多个预定姿势中的第二个预定姿势的改变,并且作为响应,所述无引线心脏起搏器从所述较低功率感测模式改变为所述较高功率感测模式;和
由所述无引线心脏起搏器使用感测到的生理参数来确定所述无引线心脏起搏器的更新后的起搏速率。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中:
由所述无引线心脏起搏器检测从两个或更多个预定姿势中的第二个预定姿势到两个或更多个预定姿势中的第一个预定姿势的改变,并且作为响应,由所述无引线心脏起搏器从所述较高功率感测模式改变为所述较低功率感测模式。
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US10137305B2 (en) | 2018-11-27 |
CN108136189B (zh) | 2021-10-15 |
US20170056664A1 (en) | 2017-03-02 |
WO2017040153A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
EP3341076B1 (en) | 2022-05-11 |
EP3341076A1 (en) | 2018-07-04 |
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