CN108106568B

CN108106568B - High-temperature forging double-mirror measuring equipment

Info

Publication number: CN108106568B
Application number: CN201810085484.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘浏; 范真
Original assignee: Jiangsu University of Technology
Current assignee: Jiangsu University of Technology
Priority date: 2015-08-24
Filing date: 2015-08-24
Publication date: 2020-05-01
Anticipated expiration: 2035-08-24
Also published as: CN108398081A; CN108106568A; CN105758338A; CN108375351A; CN105758338B

Abstract

A high temperature forging double-mirror measuring device is provided, a plurality of measuring stations are arranged around a high temperature forging, and the mutual position relation between the measuring stations is determined; each measuring station is provided with a measuring device, each measuring device is provided with a base, a horizontal rotary platform, a support, a vertical shaft, a main measuring device and an auxiliary observing device, the main measuring device is a telescope with a built-in coaxial laser, the auxiliary observing device is a telescope with a built-in CCD digital camera, the main measuring device and the auxiliary observing device can synchronously horizontally rotate and synchronously pitch, the auxiliary observing device can independently rotate, green laser emitted by the main measuring device irradiates a certain point on a high-temperature forging piece, then the auxiliary observing device is driven, the green laser irradiating point is observed to appear on an auxiliary observing line on the CCD digital camera of the auxiliary observing device, and at the moment, the main measuring line and the auxiliary observing line meet the point; the invention has the advantages of relatively simple structure, accurate measurement and convenient operation, and greatly reduces the adverse effect of the external environment on an electronic system.

Description

High-temperature forging double-mirror measuring equipment

The invention is a divisional application of invention patents with patent application number 201510523388.8, application date 2015 8, 24 and the name 'high-temperature forge piece measuring equipment'.

Technical Field

The invention relates to high-temperature forge piece measuring equipment.

Background

The forging piece is a large forging piece which is generally forged by steel ingots on a 10MN hydraulic press or a 50kN forging hammer, shaft parts are generally more than 5 tons, disc parts are generally more than 2 tons, and the forging piece adopts a free forging process and is a core component for manufacturing heavy equipment. When a large forging piece is forged, the material and energy consumption is huge, and the control of the size of the forging piece has great significance for controlling the quality and reducing the cost. The measurement difficulty of the high-temperature forging piece is that the high-temperature forging piece is large in size, high in temperature of about 1000 ℃, strong in luminescence, extremely harsh in forging and pressing workshop environment and the like.

At present, forging and pressing factories at home and abroad generally adopt contact type measurement. The large forging leaves a forging press at a high temperature state, is transferred to a measuring station, and workers operate calipers, measuring rods and the like to directly contact the high-temperature forging and read by naked eyes. In the high temperature state, the working conditions are not bad but dangerous by measuring. And the measurement data is too little, the measurement efficiency is low, and the precision is poor. Obviously, contact measurement is not suitable for high-temperature forgings.

The non-contact measurement of high-temperature forgings is the development focus. The method comprises a laser beam projection method (a high-precision long guide rail is needed to guide laser to measure a large forging), a CCD image measuring method and a laser scanning method. The latter two are currently mainly developed. CCD image detection has large information amount and high measurement efficiency, but is easy to be interfered, limited by the depth of field of a CCD camera, difficult in image matching and required to be calibrated on site. Laser ranging has the electronic system to the environmental requirement higher, and forging high temperature directly influences the scheduling problem of range finding precision. Some publicly reported foreign commodities have unclear technical indexes and environmental suitability, and are not reported in China. And is too expensive. According to the research review on thermal state online dimension measurement of large forgings published by Nie Shaw, Li Tree (Hay-Rien) in 2008 11, metalworking and thermal processing, enterprises basically adopt manual methods for measurement, the measurement of large forgings in China is basically blank, and the enterprises are in urgent need and willing to pay. The technical problems can be seen in a study on three-dimensional size measurement of long-shaft high-temperature large forgings based on a CCD (charge coupled device) in a doctor paper of Li philadelphia university of southern China, 2013, a doctor paper of Zhisong of Shanghai university of transportation, China, and a key technology study of an online detection system of large forgings, and a study on a visual measurement system of thermal geometrical parameters of forgings in a doctor paper of Wang Pond university of China, university of Dali, 2011.

Ranging plays an important role in industry. According to the principle of distance measurement, the method can be classified into a trigonometric method, a pulse method and a phase method. The triangular method is that a beam of laser irradiates on an object, and part of diffuse reflection laser forms an image on photoelectric detection equipment through a prism. The trigonometry has many positioning parameter requirements in application, is very complicated and time-consuming in calibration of measuring equipment, and can cause errors in measured data if a certain parameter in a system cannot be accurately obtained in actual measurement. When the measuring equipment has small changes, each parameter in the system must be calibrated again. See, written by Chiense Zhang Sun Chang Ku, 3D reverse engineering (China Meter Press, 2002, 4 months, 1 st edition) p 16.

The second chapter of the 'total station measurement technology' published by Huanghe hydrofuge Press in 2005, 8 months introduces the distance measurement principle of the current total station, and the pulse method and the phase method are mainly used for distance measurement, and both require corresponding complex electronic systems. The pulse method is used for distance measurement, and the time of the pulse sent by the distance measuring instrument to and fro to the measured distance is directly measured. According to the total station principle error p8 published by the university of wuhan, press 2004, 3 months, the leaf Xiaoming and Ling monograph, the clock frequency used for timing will cause a large measurement error even if there is a very small error. For example, the clock frequency is 100MHz, and even if there is a frequency error of + -1 Hz, the range error will reach + -1.5 m. Therefore, the pulse method is low in measurement accuracy and mainly used for remote low-accuracy measurement. The principle of phase method distance measurement is that the propagation time is indirectly measured by measuring the phase change generated by the round trip of continuous modulation signals on the distance to be measured, thereby obtaining the propagation distance. The phase method distance measurement relates to complex control and operation, such as measuring scale conversion and control, light path conversion control, dimming automatic control, phase measurement rhythm (time sequence control), phase distance conversion, coarse and fine rule distance connection operation, and the like (see "total station principle error" p15 published by Wuhan university Press, 3 months 2004). The electronic system of measurement is far more complex than the pulse method. Thereby causing many problems. Leaf dawn and Ling die, Total station principle error p42 chapter 3 published by Wuhan university Press 3 month 2004, for example, cycle error caused by common-frequency photoelectric crosstalk signals in a circuit and error caused by temperature influence of an internal quartz crystal oscillator are analyzed. The problem of distance measurement errors caused by inconsistency of actual distance measurement frequency and design frequency is also mentioned in 'principles and applications of industrial measurement systems' p134 published by Liguangdong cloud and Lizongchun headquartered, surveying and mapping publisher 2011 in 1 month.

One problem is that ranging accuracy is critical, and whether pulse ranging or phase ranging depends on accurate measurement of the speed of light in the atmosphere. In the actual measurement process, the speed of light is affected by the conditions of atmospheric temperature, humidity, air pressure and the like, and the meteorological parameters need to be measured in advance and relevant meteorological correction is carried out. According to the "total station measurement technology" p22 published by li jersey master catalog, university of wuhan theory of america, publisher 2012, 7 month, the meteorological correction of the total station is also related to the wavelength of the ranging light wave used by the total station.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide high-temperature forge piece double-mirror measuring equipment which is accurate in measurement and convenient to operate.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the method comprises the steps that a plurality of test stations are arranged around a high-temperature forging, and the mutual position relation among the test stations is determined; each measuring station is provided with a measuring device, each measuring device is provided with a base, a horizontal rotary platform, a support and a vertical shaft, the support is fixed on the horizontal rotary platform, the vertical shaft is fixedly connected with the base, the horizontal rotary platform is positioned on the base and rotates around the axial lead of the vertical shaft, the support is provided with a horizontal main transverse shaft which can rotate around the axial lead of the support, the axial lead of the main transverse shaft is intersected with the axial lead of the vertical shaft to form a main intersection point, a main measuring device is fixed on the main transverse shaft, the main measuring device is a telescope with a built-in coaxial laser, the sight axis of the main measuring device is called a main measuring line, the main measuring line passes through the main intersection point and is perpendicular to the axial lead of the main transverse shaft, the main transverse shaft is provided with a shaft bracket, the shaft bracket is provided with an auxiliary shaft which can rotate around the axial lead of the main transverse shaft, the axial lead of the auxiliary shaft is perpendicular to the main, forming an auxiliary intersection point, fixing an auxiliary observation device on the auxiliary shaft, wherein the auxiliary observation device is a telescope with a built-in CCD digital camera, a collimation axis of the auxiliary observation device is called an auxiliary observation line, the auxiliary observation line passes through the auxiliary intersection point and is vertical to the axial lead of the auxiliary shaft, and the main observation line and the auxiliary observation line are positioned on the same plane; a horizontal dial is arranged between the vertical shaft and the horizontal rotary platform, a main dial is arranged between the main transverse shaft and the corresponding part of the bracket, and an auxiliary dial is arranged between the auxiliary shaft and the corresponding part of the shaft bracket; the rotation of the horizontal rotary platform, the main transverse shaft and the auxiliary shaft is manual: the green laser that subjective survey device sent shines certain point on the high temperature forging, later drives vice observation device, observes green laser irradiation point and appears on vice observation line on vice observation device's CCD digital camera until the naked eye, and at this moment, subjective survey line and vice observation line meet at this point.

The invention has the following positive effects: the invention has relatively simple structure, adopts the built-in CCD digital camera telescope and the coaxial laser telescope as measuring elements, has accurate measurement and convenient operation, and greatly reduces the adverse effect of the external environment on an electronic system. The present invention relates to a high-temp. forging measuring equipment, including high-temp. forging measuring equipment, high-temp. forging measuring equipment and its photoelectric distance-measuring system.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic layout of the present invention

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a measuring apparatus in example 1.

Fig. 3 is a simplified side view of fig. 2.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of measuring an angle in example 1.

Detailed Description

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, in the embodiment, 2 stations B are arranged around the high-temperature forging a, and the number of the stations is determined by the shape complexity and the volume of the high-temperature forging a. One of the stations is selected as an origin station, and the mutual position relationship between the stations is confirmed in advance.

Each measuring station is provided with a measuring device, each measuring device is provided with a base 1, a horizontal rotary platform 2, a support 4 and a vertical shaft 9, the support 4 is fixed on the horizontal rotary platform 2, the vertical shaft 9 is fixedly connected with the base 1, and the horizontal rotary platform 2 is positioned on the base 1 and rotates around the axial lead 9a of the vertical shaft 9. The support 4 is provided with a horizontal main transverse shaft 5 which can rotate around the self axial lead, the axial lead 5a of the main transverse shaft 5 is intersected with the axial lead 9a of the vertical shaft 9 to form a main intersection point, a main measuring device 6 is fixed on the main transverse shaft 5, the main measuring device 6 is a telescope with a built-in coaxial laser, the sight axis of the telescope is called a main measuring line 6a, and the main measuring line 6a passes through the main intersection point and is perpendicular to the axial lead 5a of the main transverse shaft 5. A shaft bracket 10 is arranged on the main transverse shaft 5, an auxiliary shaft 8 capable of rotating around the shaft axis of the shaft bracket 10 is arranged on the shaft bracket 10, the shaft axis 8a of the auxiliary shaft 8 is spatially vertical to the main measuring line 6a and is vertically crossed with the shaft axis 5a of the main transverse shaft 5 to form an auxiliary intersection point; the auxiliary observation device 7 is fixed on the auxiliary shaft 8, the auxiliary observation device 7 is a telescope with a built-in CCD digital camera, the collimation axis of the telescope is called an auxiliary observation line 7a, the auxiliary observation line 7a passes through the auxiliary intersection point and is perpendicular to the axial line 8a of the auxiliary shaft 8, and the main observation line 6a and the auxiliary observation line 7a are in the same plane. A horizontal dial 3 is arranged between the vertical shaft 9 and the horizontal rotary platform 2, a main dial 11 is arranged between the main horizontal shaft 5 and the corresponding part of the bracket 4, and a secondary dial 12 is arranged between the secondary shaft 8 and the corresponding part of the shaft bracket 10.

The horizontal dial 3 is used for measuring the rotation angle of the horizontal rotation platform 2, the main dial 11 is used for measuring the size of the vertical angle α which is the included angle between the main measuring line 6a and the axis 9a of the vertical shaft 9, and the auxiliary dial 12 is used for measuring the size of the swing angle β which is the included angle between the auxiliary observing line 7a and the axis 5a of the main horizontal shaft 5.

Under the action of the horizontal rotary platform 2, the main observation device 6 and the auxiliary observation device 7 can synchronously horizontally rotate. The rotation of the main horizontal shaft 5 can drive the main observation device 6 and the auxiliary observation device 7 to synchronously pitch, the rotation of the auxiliary shaft 8 enables the auxiliary observation device 7 to rotate, the main measurement line 6a and the auxiliary observation line 7a are positioned on the same plane, and the auxiliary observation line 7a rotates in the plane, so that the main measurement line 6a and the auxiliary observation line 7a can meet at one point.

The rotation of the horizontal rotary platform 2, the main horizontal shaft 5 and the auxiliary shaft 8 is manual.

The measuring device also comprises a power supply part, a data processing part, a communication interface, a display screen, a keyboard and the like.

The method of use and the measurement procedure of this example are as follows: and a horizontal shock insulation platform is arranged on each measuring station, the measuring devices are placed on the shock insulation platform for centering and leveling, and the horizontal angle measurement of each measuring device is performed by taking the north direction as a zero position and increasing clockwise.

A measurer operates a measuring device on an origin measuring station, aims a main measuring device 6 of the measuring device at a certain point on a high-temperature forging piece manually, irradiates the point with green laser emitted by the main measuring device 6, provides a rotation angle of a horizontal rotary platform 2 by a horizontal dial 3, and provides a value of a vertical angle α by a main dial 11, then drives an auxiliary observing device 7 manually until the green laser irradiation point is observed on a CCD digital camera of the auxiliary observing device 7 by naked eyes to appear on an auxiliary observation line 7a, at the moment, the main observation line 6a and the auxiliary observation line 7a are intersected at the point, the auxiliary dial 12 provides a value of a swing angle β, and the point measurement is completed.

And repeating the operation on the measuring device of each measuring station to obtain the coordinates of a plurality of points on the high-temperature forging relative to each measuring station. And obtaining coordinates of a plurality of points on the high-temperature forging relative to the original point measuring station through data processing, thereby determining the appearance size of the high-temperature forging.

In the above embodiments, the built-in CCD digital camera telescope is mentioned, and the chapter ii of total station surveying technology published by huang he water conservancy publishing agency in 2005, 8 months. See chapter 2 of "development and application of measuring robot" published by the university press of wuhan, 2011 11 months of mei weng, the red book of yang.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a high temperature forging double mirror measuring equipment which characterized in that: arranging a plurality of measuring stations around the high-temperature forging, wherein the mutual position relation between the measuring stations is determined; each measuring station is provided with a measuring device, each measuring device is provided with a base (1), a horizontal rotary platform (2), a support (4) and a vertical shaft (9), the support (4) is fixed on the horizontal rotary platform (2), the vertical shaft (9) is fixedly connected with the base (1), the horizontal rotary platform (2) is arranged on the base (1) and rotates around the axial lead (9 a) of the vertical shaft (9), the support (4) is provided with a horizontal main transverse shaft (5) capable of rotating around the axial lead of the support, the axial lead (5 a) of the main transverse shaft (5) is intersected with the axial lead (9 a) of the vertical shaft (9) to form a main intersection point, a main measuring device (6) is fixed on the main transverse shaft (5), the main measuring device (6) is a telescope with a coaxial laser, the visual axis of the telescope is called as a main measuring line (6 a), the main measuring line (6 a) passes through the main intersection point and is perpendicular to the axial lead (5 a) of the main transverse shaft (5), the main transverse shaft (5) is provided with a shaft bracket (10), the shaft bracket (10) is provided with an auxiliary shaft (8) which can rotate around the self shaft axis, the shaft axis (8 a) of the auxiliary shaft (8) is perpendicular to the main measuring line (6 a) in space and is perpendicular to the shaft axis (5 a) of the main transverse shaft (5) to form an auxiliary intersection point, an auxiliary observation device (7) is fixed on the auxiliary shaft (8), the auxiliary observation device (7) is a telescope with a built-in CCD digital camera, the sight axis of the auxiliary observation device is called as an auxiliary observation line (7 a), the auxiliary observation line (7 a) passes through the auxiliary intersection point and is perpendicular to the shaft axis (8 a) of the auxiliary shaft (8), and the main measuring line (6 a) and the auxiliary observation line (7 a) are positioned on the same plane; a horizontal dial (3) is arranged between the vertical shaft (9) and the horizontal rotary platform (2), a main dial (11) is arranged between the main horizontal shaft (5) and the corresponding part of the bracket (4), and an auxiliary dial (12) is arranged between the auxiliary shaft (8) and the corresponding part of the shaft bracket (10); the rotation of the horizontal rotary platform (2), the main transverse shaft (5) and the auxiliary shaft (8) is manual: the green laser emitted by the main measuring device (6) irradiates a certain point on the high-temperature forging, then the auxiliary observing device (7) is driven, the fact that the green laser irradiation point appears on an auxiliary observing line (7 a) is observed on a CCD digital camera of the auxiliary observing device (7), and at the moment, the main measuring line (6 a) and the auxiliary observing line (7 a) meet at the point.