CN108101225B - Rapid film forming technology for low-surface-energy material filter material - Google Patents
Rapid film forming technology for low-surface-energy material filter material Download PDFInfo
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- CN108101225B CN108101225B CN201810012569.8A CN201810012569A CN108101225B CN 108101225 B CN108101225 B CN 108101225B CN 201810012569 A CN201810012569 A CN 201810012569A CN 108101225 B CN108101225 B CN 108101225B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
- C02F3/325—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae as symbiotic combination of algae and bacteria
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/06—Nutrients for stimulating the growth of microorganisms
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for quickly forming a film on a biological low-surface-energy material filter material for industrial recirculating aquaculture, and belongs to the field of aquaculture. The method effectively promotes the formation of the biological membrane on the surface of the biological filter material through the steps of preparation of mixed nutrient solution, spraying and curing treatment on the surface of the biological filter material, incubation and membrane hanging of the biological filter material and the like. The method is used for low-surface-energy material filter materials such as plastic rings, plastic balls, polyethylene fiber filament brushes and the like, can effectively promote the formation of biological membranes on the surfaces of biological filter materials, can realize rapid membrane hanging under production conditions, shortens the maturation time of the biological membranes from 40-50 days of natural membrane hanging to 15-20 days, and accelerates the start of the biological filter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rapid film forming method for an industrial recirculating aquaculture biological filter material, in particular to a rapid film forming method for an industrial recirculating aquaculture biological low-surface-energy material filter material, and belongs to the field of aquaculture.
Background
The industrial circulating water aquaculture of the aquatic products has the advantages of saving land resources, water resources and human resources, high production efficiency, ecological environmental protection and the like, and has great effect on scientific and technological progress and industrial upgrading of the aquaculture industry in China. The aquatic products cultured in an industrial way are more and more favored by consumers due to the characteristics of ecology, environmental protection, health and the like, and show wide market prospect and good economic and ecological values. The industrial aquaculture is the inevitable trend of the future aquaculture development, and with the deep research, the industrial aquaculture must gradually replace the previous open type running water aquaculture mode with high energy consumption, high resource consumption and high cost.
The important link of the industrial circulating water culture is the treatment and the recycling of the culture sewage, and the biological purification is the core treatment unit.
In a closed circulating water aquaculture production system, filter materials are usually put into a biological filter, nutrients remained in a water body can promote microorganisms to reproduce, a biological membrane is gradually formed on the surface of the filter materials, and the biological membrane growing on the surface of the filter materials is used for purifying aquaculture sewage. The biofilm is a complex microbial community, which contains various organisms such as fungi, algae and protozoa, such as beneficial bacteria such as bacillus, nitrobacteria, nitrosobacteria and denitrifying bacteria, unicellular or filamentous algae such as diatom and skeletonema, and also contains inorganic and organic debris and other non-living substances.
In addition, currently, the research on rapid biofilm formation of the biological filter material for industrial recirculating aquaculture is less, and the prior art adopts a simpler mode to carry out the biofilm formation of the filter material, namely, the filter material is directly put into a biological filter for natural biofilm formation.
In the industrial circulating water culture production, the biofilm on the surface of the filter material of the biofilter mostly adopts a natural biofilm formation method, namely, the filter material is directly put into a biological treatment tank, the residual bait and excrement of cultured animals are degraded and utilized by bacteria, algae and other microorganisms naturally existing in seawater of the biofilter, so that various microorganisms form a biofilm on the surface of the filter material, but the biofilm maturation speed is low, the starting time of a biological purification system is long, the water quality is extremely easy to deteriorate in the initial culture stage, the ammonia nitrogen level in the biofilter can reach more than 5 mg/L in the initial culture stage, so that the cultured animals stop growing or even die, which is one of key problems and main technical difficulties restricting the use of the biofilter in the circulating water culture, and therefore, the rapid biofilm formation technology of the biofilter is urgently required to be solved.
At present, microbial auxiliary materials (biological filter materials) used in biological treatment tanks at home and abroad are various in types and different in effects, and mainly comprise high-surface-energy materials such as ceramic balls, ceramic rings, gravels, zeolites and the like, and low-surface-energy materials such as plastic rings, plastic balls, polyethylene fiber filament brushes and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for quickly forming a film on a filter material of a biological low-surface-energy material for industrial recirculating aquaculture. The method is used for low-surface-energy material filter materials such as plastic rings, plastic balls, polyethylene fiber filament brushes and the like, can effectively promote the formation of biological membranes on the surfaces of biological filter materials, can realize rapid membrane hanging under production conditions, shortens the maturation time of the biological membranes from 40-50 days of natural membrane hanging to 15-20 days, and accelerates the start of the biological filter.
In order to solve the technical problems and achieve the purpose of the invention, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for quickly forming a film on a filter material made of a low-surface-energy material, wherein the filter material in the method is the filter material made of the low-surface-energy material, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of mixed nutrient solution
Adding fresh water into fresh mactra chinensis to be cooked, preparing 500 ml of clam juice from 300-600 g of mactra chinensis to obtain organic nutrient solution,
heating the prepared organic nutrient solution to 100 ℃ for boiling, sequentially adding potassium nitrate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and glucose, stirring until the potassium nitrate, the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the magnesium sulfate and the glucose are fully dissolved, adjusting the pH value to 7.8-8.6 by using 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide, then adding a polyvinyl alcohol solution, heating and fully dissolving to obtain a mixed nutrient solution, wherein the prepared mixed nutrient solution simultaneously contains organic and inorganic nutrient components,
wherein the adding amount of potassium nitrate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, glucose and polyvinyl alcohol is respectively 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.02%, 0.5% and 8% of the mass of the mixed nutrient solution;
(2) surface spraying and curing treatment of biological filter material
Soaking the filter material in concentrated hydrochloric acid for 1 hour, and washing the filter material to be neutral by using purified water; heating the mixed nutrient solution to 45-60 ℃, putting the whole filter material into the mixed nutrient solution, soaking for 2 minutes, taking out (or putting the mixed nutrient solution into a sprayer to uniformly spray the surface of the filter material), spraying a calcium chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 4% on the surface of the filter material for 3 times, drying in the shade for 30 minutes after the 1 st spraying, spraying for 2 times, drying in the shade for 60 minutes, spraying for 3 times, and drying in the shade to enable the mixed nutrient solution containing nutrient salts to solidify and attach a membrane on the surface of the filter material;
(3) incubation biofilm culturing of biological filter material
Suspending or putting the filter material with the surface-cured attached membrane prepared in the step (2) into a biological filter tank for incubation and membrane hanging, and then adding a composite microecological preparation mixed with four beneficial bacteria containing 50% of lactobacillus, 30% of bacillus, 15% of photosynthetic bacteria and 5% of nitrobacteria into seawater in the tank to ensure that the total concentration of the beneficial bacteria in the seawater is (5 multiplied by 10)4～10×104 ) And CFU/ml, controlling the temperature of the incubation biofilm-formation seawater in the biological filter to be 15-20 ℃, continuously irradiating under the conditions of natural light or 5000-10000 lux of fluorescent lamp, continuously inflating the biological filter, wherein the total inflation amount per minute is 2-3% of the effective water body of the biological filter, and obtaining the complete biological membrane after 15-20 days.
The nutrients in the mixed nutrient solution solidified film can be gradually released through the slow release effect, and the formation of a biological film taking beneficial bacteria such as nitrobacteria and algae as main bodies on the surface is promoted.
When the clam juice is used, after the filter material subjected to spraying and curing treatment is put into water, nutrients adsorbed on the surface of the filter material can be gradually released through a slow release effect, organic matters in the clam juice can provide nutrients required by growth of beneficial bacteria and the like, and inorganic nutrients provide elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon, iron and the like required by growth of diatom and other attached algae; the temperature and salinity of the soaking are basically consistent with the proper temperature and salinity of the cultured fishes, so that the microbial community formed in the biological membrane can adapt to the water environment of the cultured fishes.
The innovation of the invention is that the polyvinyl alcohol carrier in the mixed nutrient solution is added, and the cross-linking agent calcium chloride is sprayed on the surface of the biological filter material for solidification treatment, the polyvinyl alcohol carrier is solidified and attached to the surface of the filter material through the cross-linking effect of the calcium chloride, and the mixed nutrient solution containing nutrient salt is solidified and attached to the surface of the filter material to form a film, and the biological film can continuously and rapidly grow through the slow release of the nutrient salt, so that the incubation speed of the biological film is improved.
The addition of the polyvinyl alcohol in the mixed nutrient solution enables nutrient salts in the mixed nutrient solution to be attached to the surface of the filter material in a membrane form, the step of spraying and curing the surface of the biological filter material accelerates the incubation speed of the biological membrane, and the existence of the cured membrane enables the attached nutrients to be slowly released.
Meanwhile, the growth speed of beneficial bacteria, algae and the like in the culture system is matched with the release of the nutrient components in the solidified membrane, and the nutrient components in the solidified membrane are released basically according to the growth speed of the biomass of the beneficial bacteria in the culture system, so that a nutrient efficient release mode is formed.
Has the advantages that: through the spraying treatment of nutrients and immobilized materials on the surface of the filter material, the growth and development speed of the biological membrane can be remarkably increased, the biological membrane is basically formed in the incubation period 2, the uniform and complete biological membrane is formed in the incubation period 3, and the time is far shorter than the time of 40-50 days required by natural membrane hanging in the current production.
Preferably, the filter material made of the low-surface-energy material is a plastic ring, a plastic ball or a polyethylene fiber filament brush.
Preferably, the organic nutrient solution is prepared by using ruditapes philippinarum.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a surface biological membrane diagram of a biological filter material prepared by a rapid biofilm formation method of a low surface energy material filter material in example 1 after 2 weeks of incubation.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the surface biofilm after incubation for 2 weeks with the same control of filter material used in example 1 following natural growth.
Detailed Description
Example 1
By adopting the method, the filter material biofilm culturing experiment is carried out in Shandong tobacco-Taiwan famous and precious marine fish culture plants.
The filter material used in this example was a polyethylene fiber filament brush.
50kg of fresh mactra chinensis is put into 50L of fresh water to be boiled and fished out, then the prepared 50L of mactra chinensis juice is taken as a solvent, 100 g of potassium nitrate, 50 g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 50 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 g of magnesium sulfate and 250 g of glucose are weighed and dissolved in the mactra chinensis juice after being heated to 100 ℃ to be boiled, then the pH value of the mactra chinensis juice is adjusted to 7.5 by using 1 mol/L of sodium hydroxide to prepare a beneficial bacterium culture solution, 4000 g of polyvinyl alcohol is added into the beneficial bacterium culture solution, and the mixture is heated and fully dissolved to prepare the mixed nutrient solution.
The filter material is soaked in concentrated hydrochloric acid for 1 hour, then the filter material is taken out and cleaned with purified water, the filter material is dried in the air, then mixed nutrient solution is heated to 50 ℃, mixed nutrient solution is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the filter material by using a sprayer, or the whole filter material is put into the mixed nutrient solution, soaked for 2 minutes and then taken out, then calcium chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 4% is sprayed on the filter material, the mixed nutrient solution is sprayed for 3 times totally, the filter material is sprayed for 30 minutes after the 1 st time is finished, and then the filter material is sprayed for 2 times, and then the mixed nutrient solution is sprayed for 3 times after being dried in the shade for 60 minutes, and then is naturally dried in the shade.
Vertically suspending the filter material attached with the mixed nutrient solution solidified membrane in a biological filter tank for incubation and membrane hanging to ensure that the whole filter material is submerged below the surface of seawater in the tank, and adding a composite microecological bacteria containing four beneficial bacteria, namely 50% of lactobacillus, 30% of bacillus, 15% of photosynthetic bacteria and 5% of nitrobacteria, into the tank waterFormulations (> 80X 10)8 CFU/ml) to make the total concentration of beneficial bacteria in seawater 5X 104 CFU/ml, under the condition of water temperature of 20 ℃, using natural light to keep illumination of 5000-10000 lux, continuously aerating and culturing, wherein the total aeration quantity per minute is 2-3% of the effective water body, the biological membrane is basically formed in the 2 nd week of incubation, and a uniform and complete biological membrane is formed in the 3 rd week, as shown in figure 1, the time is obviously shorter than the time required by natural membrane hanging in the current production by 40-50 days.
The spraying and curing of the mixed nutrient solution on the surface of the filter material can accelerate the development speed of the biological membrane and shorten the natural membrane hanging time by more than 20 days.
The apparent attachment amount of the biological membrane on the surface of the filter material (shown in figure 1) is significantly higher than that of an untreated control group (shown in figure 2).
After the third week, the total amount of bacteria on the surface of the filter material is 0.23 × 108Per cm2Is a natural membrane control group of 0.064X 108Per cm23.6 times of; the total amount of algae attached to the surface of the filter material is 328 multiplied by 104Per cm2126X 10 control group of natural biofilm formation treatment4Per cm22.6 times of; the ash-free dry weight of the biological membrane per unit surface area of the filter material is 0.68 mg/cm2Is a natural biofilm formation control group of 0.24 mg/cm22.8 times of; the ammonia nitrogen absorption rate is 23.9mmol/m2D, is the natural biofilm formation control group 7.47 mmol/m23.2 times d.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments, and various equivalent modifications can be made within the technical spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is also within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. The invention is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition. In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for quickly forming a film on a filter material made of a low-surface-energy material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the filter material in the method is a low surface energy material,
(1) preparation of mixed nutrient solution
Adding fresh water into fresh mactra chinensis to be cooked, preparing 500 ml of clam juice from 300-600 g of mactra chinensis to obtain organic nutrient solution,
heating the prepared organic nutrient solution to 100 ℃ for boiling, sequentially adding potassium nitrate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and glucose, stirring until the potassium nitrate, the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the magnesium sulfate and the glucose are fully dissolved, adjusting the pH value to 7.8-8.6 by using 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide, then adding a polyvinyl alcohol solution, heating and fully dissolving to obtain a mixed nutrient solution, wherein the prepared mixed nutrient solution simultaneously contains organic and inorganic nutrient components,
wherein the adding amount of potassium nitrate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, glucose and polyvinyl alcohol is respectively 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.02%, 0.5% and 8% of the mass of the mixed nutrient solution;
(2) surface spraying and curing treatment of biological filter material
Soaking the filter material in concentrated hydrochloric acid for 1 hour, and washing the filter material to be neutral by using purified water; heating the mixed nutrient solution to 45-60 ℃, putting the whole filter material into the mixed nutrient solution, soaking for 2 minutes, taking out, or filling the mixed nutrient solution into a sprayer to uniformly spray the surface of the filter material, then spraying a calcium chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 4% on the surface of the filter material for 3 times, drying in the shade for 30 minutes after the 1 st spraying, spraying for 2 times, drying in the shade for 60 minutes, spraying for 3 times, and drying in the shade to enable the mixed nutrient solution containing nutrient salts to solidify and attach a membrane on the surface of the filter material;
(3) incubation biofilm culturing of biological filter material
Suspending or putting the filter material with the surface solidified and attached membrane prepared in the step (2) into a biological filter for incubation and membrane hanging, and then adding the filter material into seawater in the filterAdding a composite microecological preparation containing four beneficial bacteria of 50 percent of lactobacillus, 30 percent of bacillus, 15 percent of photosynthetic bacteria and 5 percent of nitrobacteria to ensure that the total concentration of the beneficial bacteria in the seawater is 5 multiplied by 104～10×104 And CFU/ml, controlling the temperature of the incubation biofilm-formation seawater in the biological filter to be 15-20 ℃, continuously irradiating under the conditions of natural light or 5000-10000 lux of fluorescent lamp, continuously inflating the biological filter, wherein the total inflation amount per minute is 2-3% of the effective water body of the biological filter, and obtaining the complete biological membrane after 15-20 days.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the low surface energy material filter material is a plastic ring, a plastic ball, a polyethylene fiber filament brush.
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| KR20030046535A (en) * | 2001-11-13 | 2003-06-18 | (주)이씨테크 | The nutrient coating method for effective biofilm forming and sewage disposal system using spent fish net |
| CN101948166A (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2011-01-19 | 甘肃金桥给水排水设计与工程(集团)有限公司 | Preparation method of modified biologically-activated filter fillings |
| CN102910727A (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2013-02-06 | 北京佰润泽环境科技发展有限公司 | Biological filter material and preparation method thereof |
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| DE10047709A1 (en) * | 2000-09-25 | 2002-05-02 | Thomas Willuweit | Process for the treatment of water using microorganisms |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20030046535A (en) * | 2001-11-13 | 2003-06-18 | (주)이씨테크 | The nutrient coating method for effective biofilm forming and sewage disposal system using spent fish net |
| CN101948166A (en) * | 2010-09-06 | 2011-01-19 | 甘肃金桥给水排水设计与工程(集团)有限公司 | Preparation method of modified biologically-activated filter fillings |
| CN102910727A (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2013-02-06 | 北京佰润泽环境科技发展有限公司 | Biological filter material and preparation method thereof |
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| 杂色蛤水煮液的营养和风味成分分析;朱名等;《食品工业科技》;20171231;第38卷(第3期);第57-62页 * |
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