CN108098459A - 一种3d成型的一体化在线动平衡终端 - Google Patents

一种3d成型的一体化在线动平衡终端 Download PDF

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CN108098459A
CN108098459A CN201810019943.7A CN201810019943A CN108098459A CN 108098459 A CN108098459 A CN 108098459A CN 201810019943 A CN201810019943 A CN 201810019943A CN 108098459 A CN108098459 A CN 108098459A
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dynamic balancing
integrated
line dynamic
cavity volume
balancing terminal
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梅雪松
运侠伦
姜歌东
张尊浩
陶涛
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Priority to CN201810019943.7A priority Critical patent/CN108098459A/zh
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/096228 priority patent/WO2019136957A1/zh
Priority to US16/471,996 priority patent/US11092944B2/en
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Abstract

一种3D成型的一体化在线动平衡终端，一体化在线动平衡终端底部开设有中央锥形孔，一体化在线动平衡终端内部沿周向均布有两个以上形状完全相同的平衡容腔，平衡容腔之间由容腔壁隔开；一体化在线动平衡终端的内圆端面沿轴向方向设计有两条以上等距的导液槽，导液槽与对应的平衡容腔通过梯形孔连通；一体化在线动平衡终端内部的配合台面表面同一半径圆周上均布有两个以上的沉头螺纹孔；所述的一体化在线动平衡终端采用3D快速成型技术一次成型，并对有精度要求的部位进行机加工；本发明不需要额外的配合联接，大大提高了平衡容腔的密封性能，同时简化了平衡终端的结构，减轻了平衡终端的质量。

Description

一种3D成型的一体化在线动平衡终端
技术领域
本发明涉及主轴在线动平衡技术领域，具体涉及一种3D成型的一体化在线动平衡终端。
背景技术
主轴系统是现代高档数控机床的关键部件，数控机床的加工效果很大程度上取决于主轴性能。由于材料、安装以及制造的原因，主轴往往会存在不平衡量，当主轴处于高速乃至超高速工作状态下时，不平衡量会导致主轴的振动急剧增大，严重的影响了机床的加工质量。针对主轴存在不平衡量而导致的机床主轴在高速下振动过大的问题，现在广泛使用现场动平衡技术进行解决，但是在平衡过程中需要不停的启停机床，严重影响了机床的加工效率，同时现场动平衡技术只能在特定的转速下进行动平衡，这对变转速的机床有较大的影响。
在线动平衡技术可以较好的解决现场动平衡技术存在的问题，在线动平衡技术主要是通过一套在线动平衡系统对运转状态下的机床主轴进行在线监测和在线自动平衡。一套完整的在线动平衡系统主要由传感器、控制单元和平衡终端组成。根据平衡终端的工作原理可分为电机式平衡终端、电磁式平衡终端和喷液式平衡终端三大类，其中喷液式动平衡终端因结构简单可靠、易于实现以及自锁能力强，应用最为广泛。
喷液式动平衡终端利用液体进行不平衡量补偿，一般动平衡终端有三个或更多的独立平衡容腔，液体在平衡容腔内跟随主轴旋转产生相应的离心力，通过控制不同平衡容腔内的喷射液体质量的大小来抵消主轴的不平衡离心力，实现转子的平衡。因此喷液式动平衡终端的性能决定了喷液式在线动平衡系统的性能，是该系统中最关键的技术。
目前，喷液式动平衡终端的制造均采用传统的机加工制造工艺，而平衡终端的平衡容腔需要很好的密封性能，导致无法将平衡终端加工成一个整体，一般会将其加工成内圈和外圈两个部件，再对内圈和外圈进行装配，这种机加工平衡终端在高转速下有可能造成内外圈的旋脱，降低了动平衡终端平衡容腔的密封性能；同时这种动平衡终端结构复杂，存在大量的冗余结构，增加了动平衡终端的质量。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供了一种3D成型的一体化在线动平衡终端，大大提高了平衡容腔的密封性能，同时简化了平衡终端的结构，减轻了平衡终端的质量。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：
一种3D成型的一体化在线动平衡终端，一体化在线动平衡终端底部开设有中央锥形孔3，一体化在线动平衡终端内部沿周向均布有两个以上形状完全相同的平衡容腔7，平衡容腔7之间由容腔壁6隔开；一体化在线动平衡终端的内圆端面10沿轴向方向设计有两条以上等距的导液槽5，导液槽5与对应的平衡容腔7通过梯形孔8连通；一体化在线动平衡终端内部的配合台面1表面同一半径圆周上均布有两个以上的沉头螺纹孔2。
所述的一体化在线动平衡终端采用3D快速成型技术一次成型，并对有精度要求的部位进行机加工；在3D快速成型时，以一体化在线动平衡终端低部的后端面11作为基底，所述的锥形孔3设计有加工余量，成型后通过锥规配磨来提高锥形孔3的加工精度；一体化在线动平衡终端的外圆端面9设计有加工余量，在成型后，采用机加工的方法提高表面的光洁度；导液槽5设计深度要小于实际深度，在成型后，通过机加工的方式将导液槽5的深度加深。
所述的平衡容腔7内壁上下边界的型线设计成对称的拱形。
所述的梯形孔8的截面型线设计成拱形。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优势：
本发明采用3D快速成型技术一次成型，不需要额外的配合联接，使整个一体化在线动平衡终端的结构更加合理，从而增加了一体化在线动平衡终端整体的强度以及平衡容腔的密封性能；同时简化了平衡终端的结构，减轻了平衡终端的质量，从而降低了主轴的附加质量，对主轴的固有频率、模态特征等特性的影响降低。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例的旋转剖视图。
图3为本发明实施例平衡容腔之间的关系图。
图4为本发明实施例与主轴的安装图。
图5为本发明梯形孔的放大图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明。
参照图1、图2、图3、图4和图5，一种3D成型的一体化在线动平衡终端，一体化在线动平衡终端底部开设有中央锥形孔3，一体化在线动平衡终端通过中央锥形孔3套接在主轴13上；一体化在线动平衡终端内部沿周向均布有四个形状完全相同的平衡容腔7，平衡容腔7之间由容腔壁6隔开，防止注射到平衡容腔7中的液体相互流动；一体化在线动平衡终端的内圆端面10沿轴向方向设计有四条等距的导液槽5，四条导液槽5与对应的平衡容腔7通过梯形孔8连通，外界注射到导液槽5上的液体能够通过梯形孔8流入对应的平衡容腔7中；一体化在线动平衡终端内部的配合台面1表面同一半径圆周上均布有八个沉头螺纹孔2，沉头螺纹孔2用于平衡终端的离线动平衡，通过在相应的沉头螺纹孔2中添加螺钉来抵消平衡终端存在的初始不平衡量。
所述的一体化在线动平衡终端采用3D快速成型技术一次成型，并对有精度要求的部位进行机加工；在3D快速成型时，以一体化在线动平衡终端低部的后端面11作为基底，以起到对后续成型结构的支撑作用；锥形孔3设计有加工余量，成型后通过锥规配磨来提高锥形孔3的加工精度，更有利于与主轴13锥部的配合；一体化在线动平衡终端的外圆端面9设计有加工余量，在成型后，采用机加工的方法提高表面的光洁度，从而提高了外圆端面9对光电传感器12发射光线的反射率，以更好的达到鉴相的目的；导液槽5设计深度要小于实际深度，在成型后，通过机加工的方式将导液槽5的深度加深，从而保证了导液槽5的加工质量；一体化在线动平衡终端的前端面4、后端面11、内圆端面10和配合台面1在没有特殊精度要求的情况下，不需要进行机加工。
所述的平衡容腔7内壁上下边界的型线设计成对称的拱形，其中上边界型线设计成拱形使上层结构具有良好的支撑条件，下边界型线设计成与上边界型线对称的拱形，使注射到平衡容腔7中的液体对称均匀分布以达到更好的动平衡效果，同时拱形结构可以更好的承受施加在平衡终端上的力。
所述的梯形孔8的截面型线设计成拱形，在成型时使梯形孔8上层的结构获得良好的支撑条件。
本发明的工作原理为：
首先将锥形孔3套接到主轴13的轴端锥部上，并用锁紧螺母14将一体化在线动平衡终端锁紧，保证主轴13在高速旋转时一体化在线动平衡终端与主轴13之间不会脱离；当主轴13启车并稳定在一定转速时，通过对主轴13的振动信号进行分析，计算得到需要在一体化在线动平衡终端相应的平衡容腔7中注射的动平衡液体的质量，外部液压装置根据上述计算得到的信息将液体注射到相应的导液槽5中，液体在离心力的作用下，通过梯形孔8流进对应的平衡容腔7中，并且平衡容腔7中的液体不会逆流到外界，平衡容腔7之间有容腔壁6相互隔开，因此各平衡容腔7中的液体不会相互流动，同时一体化在线动平衡终端在主轴13高速旋转时不会因各部件之间的装配导致平衡容腔7的密封性能降低，因此在完成主轴13的在线动平衡后，一体化在线动平衡终端内的平衡液体不会变化。

Claims (4)

1.一种3D成型的一体化在线动平衡终端，其特征在于：一体化在线动平衡终端底部开设有中央锥形孔(3)，一体化在线动平衡终端内部沿周向均布有两个以上形状完全相同的平衡容腔(7)，平衡容腔(7)之间由容腔壁(6)隔开；一体化在线动平衡终端的内圆端面(10)沿轴向方向设计有两条以上等距的导液槽(5)，导液槽(5)与对应的平衡容腔(7)通过梯形孔(8)连通；一体化在线动平衡终端内部的配合台面(1)表面同一半径圆周上均布有两个以上的沉头螺纹孔(2)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种3D成型的一体化在线动平衡终端，其特征在于：所述的一体化在线动平衡终端采用3D快速成型技术一次成型，并对有精度要求的部位进行机加工；在3D快速成型时，以一体化在线动平衡终端低部的后端面(11)作为基底，所述的锥形孔(3)设计有加工余量，成型后通过锥规配磨来提高锥形孔(3)的加工精度；一体化在线动平衡终端的外圆端面(9)设计有加工余量，在成型后，采用机加工的方法提高表面的光洁度；导液槽(5)设计深度要小于实际深度，在成型后，通过机加工的方式将导液槽(5)的深度加深。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种3D成型的一体化在线动平衡终端，其特征在于：所述的平衡容腔(7)内壁上下边界的型线设计成对称的拱形。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种3D成型的一体化在线动平衡终端，其特征在于：所述的梯形孔(8)的截面型线设计成拱形。
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