CN108080645B - 一种降低316l不锈钢球形粉末空心率的方法 - Google Patents

一种降低316l不锈钢球形粉末空心率的方法 Download PDF

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CN108080645B
CN108080645B CN201711365321.1A CN201711365321A CN108080645B CN 108080645 B CN108080645 B CN 108080645B CN 201711365321 A CN201711365321 A CN 201711365321A CN 108080645 B CN108080645 B CN 108080645B
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梁廷禹
姜勇
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    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种降低316L不锈钢球形粉末空心率的方法，其利用激光器对316L不锈钢膜进行线性烧结，所述线性烧结具体为：利用激光器发射的激光照射所述316L不锈钢膜的表面，线性移动所述激光器进行逐行扫描，直至激光烧结覆盖整个所述316L不锈钢膜的表面，弱润湿性的基板会使得所述钢膜团簇成球，防止空心球的出现。

Description

一种降低316L不锈钢球形粉末空心率的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及3D打印机领域，具体涉及一种降低316L不锈钢球形粉末空心率的方法。
背景技术
众所周知，金属材料特别是带有战略性的高熔点合金材料已成为高附加值和高精尖的军民两用的高科技产品的发展方向，而粉末冶金技术及新兴的激光3D打印技术是制备是赋予高科技产品行之有效的方法。特别是激光3D打印技术，用该方法可获得成分无偏析、性能稳定、 组织均匀的零部件；从经济上看，该方法是一种少切屑或无切屑的工艺。与传统锻材加工技术相比，制备部件基本为近净成形，材料利用率几乎可以达到100％。但是，这些领域对材料的物理、化学性质都有很高的要求。对粉末提出了如下要求：粒度分布窄；单分散；球形；特殊情形需要高纯粉末；其目的在于使烧结体产品的密度分布均匀，机械性能和其它物理性能空间分布均匀化。因此，原始粉末的纯度、均匀性和粒度、晶粒度、流动性、空心率对制备细晶全致密的高性能产品起着决定性的作用。
发明内容
基于解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种降低316L不锈钢球形粉末空心率的方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）制备316L不锈钢膜：按照化学配比准备所需316L不锈钢的原料，熔铸成靶材，利用所述靶材进行磁控溅射，在片状弱润湿性材料基板上溅射形成316L不锈钢膜；
（2）预加热：将溅射有316L不锈钢膜的弱润湿性材料基板置于加热载台上，所述加热载台设有加热部件，所述加热部件加热溅射有316L不锈钢膜的弱润湿性材料基板，使得所述316L不锈钢膜升温至接近熔点的温度，并保持该温度；
（3）激光烧结：利用激光器对316L不锈钢膜进行线性烧结，所述线性烧结具体为：利用激光器发射的激光照射所述316L不锈钢膜的表面，线性移动所述激光器进行逐行扫描，直至激光烧结覆盖整个所述316L不锈钢膜的表面；
（4）冷却成球：移除激光器，并利用所述加热部件进行缓慢降温，直至冷却至常温，收集所述弱润湿性基板上的316L不锈钢球粉末；
（5）球磨：对所述316L不锈钢球粉末进行球磨筛选得到最终的316L不锈钢膜球形粉末。
根据本发明的实施例，所述步骤（1）中形成所述316L不锈钢膜的厚度为20-60微米。
根据本发明的实施例，所述弱润湿性基板的材料为耐高温砖、陶瓷等材料。
根据本发明的实施例，所述步骤（3）中激光器移动的速度为2-5cm/min。
根据本发明的实施例，所述步骤（3）中所使用的激光器为气体激光器或者固体激光器。
本发明的优点如下：
（1）利用激光的局部烧结，可使得钢膜的局部受热团簇，在弱润湿性基板的存在下，由于团簇的球的张力较小，就可以容易的成球，且利用其自我团簇，防止了空心球的出现；
（2）本方法利用预加热的方式以方便激光的能量能够快速使得钢膜熔融，避免了烧结达不到熔融温度的问题。
附图说明
图1-2为本发明的激光线性烧结的侧视图和俯视图；
图3为本发明的激光烧结后的316L不锈钢球的示意图；
图4为对比实施例的激光烧结后的316L不锈钢球的示意图。
具体实施方式
参见图1-2，本发明的降低316L不锈钢球形粉末空心率的方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）制备316L不锈钢膜：按照化学配比准备所需316L不锈钢的原料，熔铸成靶材，利用所述靶材进行磁控溅射，在片状弱润湿性材料基板2上溅射形成316L不锈钢膜3；
（2）预加热：将溅射有316L不锈钢膜3的弱润湿性材料基板2置于加热载台1上，所述加热载台设有加热部件（未示出，可以是内置的加热丝等），所述加热部件加热溅射有316L不锈钢膜3的弱润湿性材料基板2，使得所述316L不锈钢膜升温至接近熔点的温度，并保持该温度；
（3）激光烧结：利用激光器4对316L不锈钢膜3进行线性烧结，所述线性烧结具体为：利用激光器4发射的激光5照射所述316L不锈钢膜的表面，沿图2中所示的直线6进行线性移动所述激光器4进行逐行扫描，直至激光5烧结覆盖整个所述316L不锈钢膜3的表面；
（4）冷却成球：移除激光器，并利用所述加热部件进行缓慢降温，直至冷却至常温，收集所述弱润湿性基板上的316L不锈钢球粉末；
（5）球磨：对所述316L不锈钢球粉末进行球磨筛选得到最终的316L不锈钢膜球形粉末。
其中，所述步骤（1）中形成所述316L不锈钢膜的厚度为20-60微米。所述弱润湿性基板的材料为耐高温砖、陶瓷等材料。所述步骤（3）中激光器移动的速度为2-5cm/min。所述步骤（3）中所使用的激光器为气体激光器或者固体激光器。
参见图3，由于是弱润湿性的基板2，团簇的不锈钢球7的表面张力F1较小，其球形度较好，而图4是强润湿性的基板20，团簇的不锈钢球8在基板20上的表面张力F2较大，其较为扁平，不易成球。
最后应说明的是：显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之中。

Claims (5)

1.一种降低316L不锈钢球形粉末空心率的方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）制备316L不锈钢膜：按照化学配比准备所需316L不锈钢的原料，熔铸成靶材，利用所述靶材进行磁控溅射，在片状弱润湿性材料基板上溅射形成316L不锈钢膜；
（2）预加热：将溅射有316L不锈钢膜的弱润湿性材料基板置于加热载台上，所述加热载台设有加热部件，所述加热部件加热溅射有316L不锈钢膜的弱润湿性材料基板，使得所述316L不锈钢膜升温至接近熔点的温度，并保持该温度；
（3）激光烧结：利用激光器对316L不锈钢膜进行线性烧结，所述线性烧结具体为：利用激光器发射的激光照射所述316L不锈钢膜的表面，线性移动所述激光器进行逐行扫描，直至激光烧结覆盖整个所述316L不锈钢膜的表面；
（4）冷却成球：移除激光器，并利用所述加热部件进行缓慢降温，直至冷却至常温，收集所述弱润湿性材料基板上的316L不锈钢球粉末；
（5）球磨：对所述316L不锈钢球粉末进行球磨筛选得到最终的316L不锈钢膜球形粉末。
2.根据权利要求1所述的降低316L不锈钢球形粉末空心率的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（1）中形成所述316L不锈钢膜的厚度为20-60微米。
3.根据权利要求1所述的降低316L不锈钢球形粉末空心率的方法，其特征在于：所述弱润湿性材料 基板的材料为耐高温砖、陶瓷材料。
4.根据权利要求2所述的降低316L不锈钢球形粉末空心率的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（3）中激光器移动的速度为2-5cm/min。
5.根据权利要求2所述的降低316L不锈钢球形粉末空心率的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（3）中所使用的激光器为气体激光器或者固体激光器。
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JPH03284829A (ja) * 1990-03-30 1991-12-16 Kyocera Corp 半導体結晶化膜の形成方法

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