CN108071511A - 用于在排气系统的颗粒过滤器装置再生期间减轻超温的方法 - Google Patents

用于在排气系统的颗粒过滤器装置再生期间减轻超温的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108071511A
CN108071511A CN201711126374.8A CN201711126374A CN108071511A CN 108071511 A CN108071511 A CN 108071511A CN 201711126374 A CN201711126374 A CN 201711126374A CN 108071511 A CN108071511 A CN 108071511A
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exhaust
particulate filter
devices
exhaust source
internal combustion
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CN201711126374.8A
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CN108071511B (zh
Inventor
A·潘努兹奥
A·德多梅尼科
A·杜托
F·夏诺
C·塔伊比
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/66—Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements inside the filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P5/00—Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolants
    • F01P5/02—Pumping cooling-air; Arrangements of cooling-air pumps, e.g. fans or blowers
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    • F02D29/00—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • F02D29/02—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving vehicles; peculiar to engines driving variable pitch propellers
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    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2279/00—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses
    • B01D2279/30—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses for treatment of exhaust gases from IC Engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/66—Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements inside the filter
    • B01D46/80—Chemical processes for the removal of the retained particles, e.g. by burning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
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    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/02—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by cutting out a part of engine cylinders
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    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/04—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by adding non-fuel substances to combustion air or fuel, e.g. additives
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    • F02D2041/0265—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to decrease temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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Abstract

提供了用于在排气系统的颗粒过滤器装置再生期间减轻超温的方法。所述排气系统可以包括由排气源供应、通过排气导管流向颗粒过滤器装置的排气流。所述方法可以包括在颗粒过滤器再生期间检测超温，启动一个或多个第一减轻方案，以及关闭排气源。所述一个或多个第一减轻方案可以包括停止所述颗粒过滤器装置的再生、改变所述排气源的操作参数，以及起动冷却风扇。所述排气源可以包括配置为车辆提供动力的内燃机，并且所述操作参数可以通过转矩限制器改变。

Description

用于在排气系统的颗粒过滤器装置再生期间减轻超温的方法
背景技术
在内燃机(ICE)的燃烧循环期间，空气/燃料混合物被供应至ICE的汽缸中。所述空气/燃料混合物被压缩和/或点燃并燃烧以提供输出转矩。燃烧之后，ICE的活塞迫使汽缸中的排气通过排气阀门排出并进入排气系统。从ICE(特别是柴油发动机)排出的排气是不均匀混合物，含有气体排放物(比如一氧化碳(CO)、未燃烧的碳氢化合物、氮氧化物(NOx) 和硫氧化物(SOX))以及构成颗粒物质的凝聚相材料(液体和固体)。液体可以包括(例如)水和碳氢化合物。
排气处理系统可以采用过滤器和催化剂装置，其配置为完成后处理工艺(比如还原NOx以生成更能被容许的氮气(N2)和水(H2O)的排放组分)，或者捕获颗粒物质。随着时间的推移，过滤器装置会积聚颗粒物质，必须进行再生。过滤器再生通常包括高温烟炱燃烧，其可以通过多种方法实现。所有这些方法都是向排气系统和周围部件施加大量的热能。发动机控制系统有时无法准确诊断出过量热能，这可能导致排气处理系统部件和其他周围部件的损坏或破坏。
发明内容
根据示例性实施例的一个方面，提供了一种用于在排气系统的颗粒过滤器装置再生期间减轻超温的方法。所述排气系统可以包括由排气源供应、通过排气导管流向颗粒过滤器装置的排气流，以及气体传感器，其具有设置于颗粒过滤器装置上游的排气管道中的取样端。所述排气系统可以包括由排气源供应、通过排气导管流向颗粒过滤器装置的排气流。这些方法可以包括在颗粒过滤器再生期间检测超温，启动一个或多个第一减轻方案，以及关闭排气源。所述一个或多个第一减轻方案可以包括抑制颗粒过滤器装置的再生、改变排气源的操作参数，以及起动冷却风扇。所述排气源可以包括散热器，且所述冷却风扇可以位于散热器附近。
所述颗粒过滤器装置的再生可以包括将排气的温度升高至至少500℃。所述颗粒过滤器装置可以包括选择性催化还原过滤器装置。所述超温可以基于颗粒过滤器装置的温度确定。所述超温可以基于靠近排气系统的温度敏感性装置的温度确定。
所述排气源可以包括配置为车辆提供动力的内燃机，并且所述操作参数可以通过转矩限制器改变。改变所述排气源的操作参数可以包括将内燃机与车辆动力传动系统断开或部分断开。改变所述排气源的操作参数可以包括通过操纵一个或多个燃烧致动器改变操作模式。改变所述排气源的操作参数可包括减小内燃机的速度设定值。
可以在启动一个或多个第一减轻方案之后关闭排气源。在从启动一个或多个第一减轻方案时测得的延迟时间期满后，可以关闭排气源。所述延迟时间可以从启动一个或多个第一减轻方案时开始测量。所述排气源可以包括配置为车辆提供动力的内燃机，并且可以通过多个增加的转矩限制和 /或操作参数的改变关闭内燃机。所述多个转矩限制中的第一个可以在车辆移动时启动。可以通过操纵一个或多个燃烧致动器改变操作模式来关闭ICE 12。可以通过至少一个转矩限制关闭内燃机，其中所述转矩限制使得内燃机在所有汽缸都活动的启用模式和并非所有汽缸都活动的停用模式之间进行转变。
虽然本文中的许多实施例是针对车辆进行描述的，但是本文的实施例普遍适用于在颗粒过滤器装置再生期间减轻过热的所有方法。
根据以下对示例性实施例和附图的详细描述，示例性实施例的其他目的、优点和新颖特征将变得更加明显。
附图说明
图1示出了根据一个或多个实施例的排气处理系统；
图2示出了根据一个或多个实施例的用于在排气系统的颗粒过滤器装置再生期间减轻超温的方法的框图。
具体实施方式
本文描述了本公开的实施例。然而，应当理解，所公开的实施例仅仅是示例，并且其他实施例可以采取各种形式以及替代形式。附图不一定是按比例的；有些特征可以放大或缩小，以示出特定部件的细节。因此，本文公开的具体结构和功能性细节不应被解释为限制性的，而仅仅是用于教导本领域技术人员多方面应用本发明的代表性基础。如那些本领域普通技术人员将理解的，参考附图中任一幅示出和描述的各种特征可以与一幅或多幅其他附图中所示的特征组合以构成未明确示出或描述的实施例。示出的特征的组合提供了针对典型应用的代表性实施例。但是，对于特定应用或实施方案可以预期与本公开教导一致的特征的各种组合和修改。
大体来说，本公开涉及用于控制颗粒过滤器(PF)装置再生管理的方法。本文所述的PF装置和相关方法用于配置为处理从排气流源供应的排气流的排气处理系统。在一些实施例中，排气流是由可以(例如)为车辆提供动力的内燃机(ICE)产生的。排气沉积物可以包括颗粒物质、含碳烟炱、NOx物种、排气液体和与排气有关的其它物种。如本文所用的，“NOx”指一种或多种氮氧化物。NOx物种以包括NyOx物种，其中y＞0且x＞0。氮氧化物的非限制性实例可以包括NO、NO2、N2O、N2O2、N2O3、N2O4和 N2O5。
由于PF装置积聚颗粒物质，比如含碳烟炱，其需要再生。然而，当烟炱负荷超过阈值时，PF装置通常是进行更换而不是再生，以避免由于超温对PF装置、其它排气处理系统装置或附近部件(例如防抱死系统(ABS) 模块)造成的损坏或破坏。超温可以定义为过量热能，其会损坏或破坏PF 装置、其他排气处理系统装置或附近部件(例如车辆部件)。通过减轻超温效应和/或防止超温发生或继续发生，本文提供的方法使得PF装置可以再生，即使当烟炱负荷较高时。
图1示出了用于处理和/或监测ICE 12的排气15成分的排气处理系统10。本文公开的方法将参照系统10进行描述，其目的仅用于说明，且应当理解这种说明是非限制性的。本文描述的排气处理系统10可以在各种 ICE系统中实施，包括但不限于柴油发动机系统、汽油直喷系统和均质充气压缩点火发动机系统。本文将描述用于产生车辆转矩的ICE，但是其它非车辆应用也在本公开的范围内。因此，当以车辆作为参考时，这种公开应被解释为可用于ICE的任何应用。此外，ICE 12通常代表能产生包括气体物质(例如，NOx、O2)、含碳物质和/或颗粒物质的排气流15的任何装置，因此本文的公开内容应被解释为能用于所有这样的装置。进一步应当理解，本文公开的实施例能用于处理不包括含碳和/或颗粒物质的流出物流，并且在这种情况下，ICE 12通常还代表能产生包括这些物质的流出物流的任何装置。例如，ICE 12可以包括附接到曲轴(未示出)的多个往复运动的活塞(未示出)，所述曲轴可以可操作地附接到动力传动系统(比如车辆动力传动系统(未示出))，以将牵引力传递给动力传动系统。例如，ICE 12可以是任何发动机配置或应用，包括各种车辆应用(例如，汽车、船舶等)以及各种非车辆应用(例如，泵、发电机等)。
所述排气处理系统10通常包括一个或多个排气导管14和一个或多个排气处理装置。所述排气导管14可以包括若干段，其将排气15从ICE 12 输送到所述排气处理系统10的各种排气处理装置。在一些示例性实施例中，排气15可以包括NOx物种。
在图示的实施例中，所述排气处理系统10的装置包括氧化催化剂(OC) 装置26和颗粒过滤器(PF)装置30。示出的实施方案是将PF装置30设置在带有OC装置26的公用壳体中，但是这种实施方案是可选的，并且设置有用于OC装置26和PF装置30的分立壳体的实施方案能用于且适用于本公开。系统10可任选地包括涡轮增压器20和OC装置26，并且PF 装置30可以位于涡轮增压器20的下游。所述OC装置26和PF装置30 可以紧耦合至涡轮增压器。紧耦合处理装置可以(例如)在发动机涡轮增压器出口的1米内，其中该距离是基于排气管道的线性长度测量的。系统 10可任选地包括电加热催化剂(EHC)装置22。系统10可任选地包括稀薄NOx捕集器(LNT)，作为附加装置或作为OC装置26的替代装置。在稀薄条件下(即，其中空燃比超过化学计量要求)，LNT作为用于碳氢化合物和CO的氧化催化剂并作为储存NOx的捕集器(即吸收器)来操作。在LNT再生期间，利用富燃烧条件(即，其中空燃比低于化学计量要求) 来减少储存的NOx。
可以理解的是，本公开的排气处理系统10可以包括图1示出的一个或多个排气处理装置和/或其它排气处理装置(未示出)的各种组合。例如，排气处理系统10可任选地包括选择性催化还原(SCR)装置(未示出)、吸收剂颗粒的流通式容器(未示出)及其组合。排气处理系统10还可以包括通过多个传感器可操作地连接的控制模块50，以监控发动机12和/或排气处理系统10。
所述控制模块50可操作地连接至发动机12和/或各种排气处理系统 10的部件。如本文所使用的，术语模块是指专用集成电路(ASIC)、电子电路、执行一个或多个软件或固件程序的处理器(共享的、专用的或群组的)和存储器、组合逻辑电路和/或提供所述功能的其它合适部件。所述控制模块50还可以可操作地连接到上述任选的排气处理装置。图1示出了与位于排气导管14中的三个温度传感器52、54和55连通的控制模块50。第一温度传感器52位于OC装置26和PF装置30的上游，第二温度传感器54位于OC装置26和PF装置30的下游，并且第三温度传感器55位于PF装置30的下游。所述温度传感器52、54和55向所述控制模块50发送电信号，每个信号指示在特定位置处排气导管14中的温度。在一些实施例中，温度传感器55可以与温度传感器54配合测量通过PF装置30 的放热。类似地，温度传感器52和54可以配合测量通过OC装置26的放热。其他温度传感器可以存在于整个车辆的各个位置，(例如)用于监测温度敏感性装置的温度。
系统10可任选地包括与排气导管14流体连通的两个气体传感器60 和62，并且所述控制模块50可与气体传感器60和62连通。具体来说，第一上游气体传感器60可以位于ICE12的下游并且位于OC装置26和 PF装置30的上游，以检测一种或多种气体物种的浓度水平。第二下游气体传感器62可位于OC装置26和PF装置30的下游，以在特定位置检测排气导管14中的一种或多种气体物种的浓度水平。
OC装置26可以包括(例如)可以封装在不锈钢壳体或罐中的流通式金属或陶瓷整体基底，所述不锈钢壳体或罐具有与排气导管14流体连通的入口和出口。所述基底可以包括设置在其上的氧化催化剂化合物。所述氧化催化剂化合物可以作为洗涂层涂覆，并且可以含有铂族金属(比如铂 (Pt)、钯(Pd)、铑(Rh))或其它金属氧化物催化剂(比如钙钛矿)，或其组合。所述OC装置可用于处理未燃烧的气态、非挥发性未燃烧的碳氢化合物和CO，其被氧化形成二氧化碳和水。在一些实施例中，OC装置(比如柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)装置)可以位于SCR装置上游，以将NO转化成NO2，作为SCR中的优先处理。
所述EHC装置22可以设置在OC装置26内并包括整体块28和电加热器32。所述电加热器32连接至向其提供动力的电源(未示出)并可以被选择性起动以加热所述整体块28。所述电加热器32可以在一定的电压范围(例如约12伏至约24伏特)以及功率范围(例如约1千瓦至约3千瓦)下工作。本领域技术人员将理解，其它工作电压和功率在本公开的范围内。所述EHC装置22可以由任何合适的导电材料构成，比如缠绕的或堆叠的金属整体块28。氧化催化剂化合物(未示出)可任选地被涂覆到所述EHC装置22上，作为洗涂层，并且可以含有金属(比如Pt、Pd)、钙钛矿或其它合适的氧化催化剂，或其组合。所述EHC装置22可用于帮助装置(比如SCR装置)达到和/或维持(例如)起燃或最小工作温度。
如图所示，所述PF装置30可以设置在OC装置26的下游，或者可以设置在SCR装置26的上游。仅作为示例来说，所述PF装置30可以包括柴油颗粒过滤器(DPF)。操作所述PF装置30以对含碳、烟炱和其它颗粒的排气15进行过滤。所述PF装置30包括过滤器23。在一些实施例中，所述PF装置30可以使用可以封装在由(例如)不锈钢构成的壳体或罐中的陶瓷或SiC壁流整体过滤器23构成，并且所述过滤器23具有与排气导管14流体连通的入口和出口。应当理解，所述陶瓷或SiC壁流整体过滤器本质上仅仅是示例性的，并且所述PF装置30可以包括其它过滤器装置，例如缠绕的或填充式纤维过滤器、开孔泡沫、烧结的金属纤维等。所述陶瓷或SiC壁流整体过滤器23可以具有由纵向延伸的壁定义的多个纵向延伸的通道。所述通道包括具有打开的入口端和闭合的出口端的入口通道子集，和具有闭合的入口端和打开的出口端的出口通道子集。通过所述入口通道的入口端进入过滤器23的排气15被迫通过相邻的纵向延伸的壁流动至所述出口通道。通过该壁流机构，所述排气15被过滤除去碳和其它颗粒。过滤的颗粒沉积在所述入口通道的纵向延伸的壁上，并且随着时间的推移，将增加所述排气15(例如)作用在比如IC发动机12上的反压力。
在一些实施例中，所述PF装置30包括选择性催化还原过滤器(SCRF) 装置。SCRF装置通常将SCR装置和PF装置两者组合成单个装置。为了说明的目的，SCRF装置可以包括PF装置，SCR催化剂组合物被洗涤涂覆至所述PF装置的一些或一部分上。通常，所述SCRF催化剂组合物利用还原剂将NO和NO2转化为无害成分。SCRF装置可以积聚颗粒物质并需要再生，因此其与本文所述方法的范围有关。
随着时间的推移，过滤器装置(比如PF装置30)会积聚颗粒物质并且必须被再生。例如，特定物质的积聚会降低PF装置30的效率并增加ICE 12上的反压力。再生通常涉及PF装置30中的积聚颗粒物质的氧化或燃烧。例如，含碳烟炱颗粒可以在再生期间被氧化，以生成气态二氧化碳。通常，将含碳排气沉积物加热至至少约600℃至约650℃的温度能引起烟炱燃烧。烟炱燃烧可以将含碳固体转化为气体(比如二氧化碳)，或者使烟炱或积聚的沉积物发生化学或物理变化，从而使得沉积物从PF装置上脱落。为了本公开的目的，PF装置再生包括将排气15的温度升高至至少500℃、至少550℃或至少600℃。
例如，当PF装置30积聚的颗粒物质的量超过可接受的阈值时，可以实施一种或多种再生技术。例如，阈值可以定义为按重量计的PF装置30 中积聚的烟炱量，和/或积聚的沉积物的厚度。附加地或替代地，阈值可以定义为通过PF装置30的最大压降，其中增加的压降表明增加的烟炱负荷。附加地或替代地，还原沉积物的阈值水平可以利用理论或经验烟炱负荷模型预先确定，所述模型使用来自排气系统的当前工艺变量实施。
在很多情况下，再生包括增加排气15的温度。增加排气15的温度可以通过很多方法实现，比如调整发动机校准参数实施后喷射(post-injection) 方案、调整发动机校准参数实施喷射后(after-injection)方案、实施辅助燃料喷射、利用EHC装置，及其组合。通常，利用一种或多种再生方案使PF装置30再生，并且这些方案可以(例如)由模块50实现和/或优化。应当理解，上述再生技术仅仅是说明性的，并不意味着排除其它附加或替代再生技术的使用或适用性。
后喷射方案是通过增加或更换燃料喷射事件对正常ICE喷射方案进行的修改。在ICE(比如ICE 12)操作期间，ICE的一个或多个活塞在一个或多个相应汽缸内执行四个冲程：进气冲程、压缩冲程、燃烧冲程和排气冲程。在进气冲程中，活塞从上死点(TDC)开始，并在下死点(BDC) 结束。在汽油发动机中，汽缸进气阀到达打开位置，以使活塞通过向下运动产生进入汽缸的真空压力而将空气-燃料混合物吸入汽缸中。但是，在柴油发动机中，燃料是在压缩冲程结束和燃烧冲程开始之间喷射的。随后，压缩冲程在BDC开始，并在TDC结束。随着汽缸进气(对于汽油发动机来说)以及排气阀关闭，活塞压缩空气-燃料混合物，准备点火。在随后的燃烧冲程中，活塞处于TDC，并且被压缩的空气-燃料混合物被火花塞(在汽油发动机中)或在压缩冲程期间实现的压缩(柴油发动机)点燃。在空气-燃料混合物点燃后，燃烧迫使活塞返回到BDC并将机械功传递至相关曲轴。在随后的排气冲程中，活塞从BDC返回到TDC，并且排气阀处于打开位置，以将废空气燃料混合物排出到排气系统(比如排气处理系统10) 中。
后喷射方案包括在将空气-燃料混合物引入汽缸中之后将燃料喷射到发动机汽缸中。后喷射在燃烧冲程期间发生，在排气冲程期间排气阀打开之前，并且在第一空气-燃料混合物已经燃烧完或正在燃烧之后。更具体地说，当活塞足够接近TDC时发生后喷射，从而使得后喷射的燃料能在汽缸中大量或完全燃烧掉。通过将额外的燃料引入汽缸，后喷射相应地提高了从汽缸排出的排气的温度。
使用后喷射方案再生PF装置30可以包括运行后喷射方案一段持续时间。该持续时间将根据后喷射方案所达到的排气温度和PF装置30中积聚的沉积物的量而变化。例如，更高水平的沉积物将需要更高水平的后喷射实施方案(例如，持续时间、燃料量、频率)。
喷射后方案是通过增加或更换燃料喷射事件对正常ICE喷射方案进行的修改。喷射后方案将燃料引入排气处理系统10，从而使得燃料燃烧和/ 或与系统10的催化组分反应并增加排气15的温度。具体来说，喷射后方案包括在将空气-燃料混合物引入汽缸中之后将燃料喷射进入发动机汽缸中。喷射后发生在燃烧冲程和/或排气冲程期间，同时排气阀打开或恰好在排气阀打开之前。更具体地说，在活塞距离TDC足够远和/或在第一空气- 燃料混合物已经燃烧完之后发生喷射后，从而使得喷射后燃料在汽缸内不燃烧。喷射后燃料在排气冲程期间被从汽缸排出且未被燃烧，并被引入排气系统。当喷射后燃料与OC装置26接触时，燃料氧化期间释放的热量被施加到排气处理系统10中，用于清除PF装置30中的一些或所有积聚的颗粒物质。
类似地，可以使用辅助喷射作为喷射后方案的附加或替代再生技术。在一个实施例中，燃料或碳氢化合物在OC装置26的上游、ICE 12的汽缸的下游被引入排气系统10中。在一个实施例中，燃料或碳氢化合物被引入排气系统10中，直接到达OC装置26。在所有实施例中，燃料可以由辅助燃料喷射器(未示出)喷射。
图2示出了用于在排气系统的PF装置再生期间减轻超温的方法100。所述排气系统通常包括经排气管道向PF装置和任选的一个或多个排气处理装置供应排气流的排气源。仅为了说明的目的，下文方法将参照系统10 进行描述，其中ICE 12用于为车辆提供动力。然而，本领域技术人员将认识到，本文提供的方法适用于各种排气处理系统，包括在非车辆应用中使用的那些。方法100包括检测110超温，启动120一个或多个第一减轻方案，以及关闭排气源。
可以通过超温传感器(例如可操作地连接至模块50的温度传感器，比如温度传感器52、54和/或55)检测110超温。PF装置30的再生可以包括将排气15的温度升高至至少500℃、至少550℃或至少600℃，其中所述温度在PF装置30上游侧(即，ICE 12侧)进行测量。在一些情况下，PF装置30再生期间的温度可升高至约700℃、约750℃、约800℃、约850℃或约900℃。例如，可以基于PF装置30的温度敏感性确定超温。温度敏感性是指部件或装置被损坏或者至少部分受损而不能实现其预期目标的温度。基于PF装置30的温度敏感性确定的超温将特定于(例如)PF装置 30的结构材料、几何形状、装置寿命以及其他因素。
因为一些PF装置30的再生方案将排气15的温度增加到所需的PF装置30再生温度以上，以补偿PF装置30上游发生的热损失。这些方案可能会损坏温度敏感性装置，包括系统10中未包括的装置。因此，可以基于靠近系统10的一个或多个装置的温度敏感性确定超温。
启动120一个或多个第一减轻方案可以包括启动120一个第一减轻方案，启动120两个第一减轻方案，或者启动两个以上的第一减轻方案。一个第一减轻方案包括抑制颗粒过滤器装置30的再生。抑制颗粒过滤器装置30的再生可以包括抑制所有颗粒过滤器装置30的再生。在使用多个再生方案的一些实施例中，抑制颗粒过滤器装置30的再生可以包括抑制一个或多个再生方案，同时继续至少一个再生方案。检测到的超温可以确定抑制哪些再生方案。例如，若将EHC装置22的再生方案与喷射后和/或后喷射的再生方案组合使用，并且所述超温是由所述OC装置26附近的过量热量引起的，则可以抑制一个或多个EHC装置22的方案，同时可以继续喷射后方案。在另一个示例中，如果所述超温是由ICE 12附近的过量热量引起的，则可以抑制后喷射的再生以降低ICE 12附近的温度，同时可以继续EHC装置22的再生。
一个第一减轻方案包括改变ICE 12的操作参数或速度设定值。改变 ICE 12的操作参数可以附加地或替代地包括通过操纵一个或多个燃烧致动器改变操作模式。除了其他的，燃烧致动器可以包括空气系统阀、燃料喷射器和轨道压力指示器。除了其他的，空气系统阀可以包括发动机进气阀、排气再循环阀和涡轮增压阀。燃烧致动器可以满足几种模式中的任何一种，比如预编程模式，其能够实现各种发动机操作目标，包括减少NOx排放、增加排气温度、减少O2喷射、降低排气温度或增加O2喷射。
ICE 12的速度设定值(即每分钟转数)可以通过转矩限制器改变。转矩限制器可以使用转矩限制器图，并且可以由(例如)模块50控制。就此而言，所述ICE 12的操作参数可以通过施加由转矩请求器提交的最大转矩请求限制的转矩来改变。车辆转矩请求器可以包括加速器踏板、动力输出装置(例如，驱动轴)、巡航控制或ICE 12的内部需要或特定的附属物方案中的一个或多个。所述最大转矩请求可以包括在校准中定义的值。在一个实施例中，转矩限制器或其他命令装置可以将ICE 12在所有汽缸都活动的启用模式和并非所有汽缸都活动的停用模式之间进行转变。在一个实施例中，转矩限制器或其他命令装置可以(例如)通过离合器将ICE 12与车辆动力传动系统(未示出)断开或部分断开，以便减小机械负荷。
一个第一减轻方案包括起动一个或多个冷却风扇。一个或多个冷却风扇可以由ICE 12和/或由单独的电源提供动力。在一个实施例中，冷却风扇可以位于附属于ICE 12的散热器(未示出)附近。通常，一个或多个冷却风扇可以放置在温度敏感性且在PF装置30再生期间最容易损坏的装置附近。
关闭130排气源(即，ICE 12)可以包括改变操作参数以使所述排气源不再产生额外的热量或者不再产生排气流15中的一个或多个。所述排气源可以在一个阶段中被关闭，或者在多个转矩限制和/或操作参数的变化过程中被关闭。在车辆移动期间关闭ICE 12的一些实施例中，关闭ICE 12 可以包括实施多个增加的转矩限制。可以通过操纵一个或多个燃烧致动器改变操作模式来关闭ICE 12。所述排气源可以在延迟时间期满后关闭130。所述延迟时间可以从启动一个或多个第一减轻方案时开始测量。可以基于车辆特有的实验测试来确定延迟时间。
虽然上面描述了示例性实施例，但是这些实施例并不旨在描述权利要求所包含的所有可能形式。说明书中使用的词语是描述性的而不是限制性的，并且应当理解，在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下，可以进行各种改变。如前所述，可以将各种实施例的特征组合起来以形成未被明确描述或说明的本发明的其它实施例。虽然针对一个或多个期望的特征已经描述了各种实施例以提供优于其他实施方案或在先技术实施方案的优点或优选方式，但是那些本领域普通技术人员应当认识到可以牺牲一个或多个特征或特性以达到期望的整体系统属性，其取决于具体的应用和实施方案。这些属性可以包括但不限于成本、强度、耐久性、生命周期成本、可销售性、外观、包装、尺寸、可维护性、重量、可制造性、易于组装等。因此，针对一个或多个特征被描述为不如其他实施方案或在先技术实施方案令人满意的实施例并未超出本公开的范围，并且对于特定应用而言是令人满意的。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于在排气系统的颗粒过滤器装置再生期间减轻超温的方法，其中所述排气系统包括由排气源供应、通过排气管道流向颗粒过滤器装置的排气流，所述方法包括：
在颗粒过滤器再生期间检测超温；
启动一个或多个第一减轻方案，其中所述一个或多个第一减轻方案包括抑制所述颗粒过滤器装置的再生、改变所述排气源的操作参数和起动冷却风扇；以及
关闭所述排气源。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述超温可以基于所述颗粒过滤器装置的温度确定。
3.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的方法，其中所述超温可以基于靠近所述排气系统的温度敏感性装置的温度确定。
4.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的方法，其中所述排气源包括配置为向车辆提供动力的内燃机。
5.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的方法，其中关闭所述排气源在从启动一个或多个第一减轻方案时开始测量的延迟时间期满之后发生。
6.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的方法，其中所述排气源包括配置为向车辆提供动力的内燃机，并且所述多个转矩限制中的第一个在车辆移动时启动。
7.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的方法，其中所述排气源包括配置为车辆提供动力的内燃机，并且改变所述排气源的操作参数包括以下一个或多个：
将所述内燃机与所述车辆的动力传动系统断开或部分断开；
通过操纵一个或多个燃烧致动器改变操作模式；以及
减小所述内燃机的速度设定值。
8.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的方法，其中所述排气源通过至少一个转矩限制被关闭，其中所述排气源包括具有多个汽缸并且配置为向车辆提供动力的内燃机，所述转矩限制使得所述内燃机在所有汽缸都活动的启用模式和并非所有汽缸都活动的停用模式之间进行转变。
9.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的方法，其中所述排气源在启动一个或多个第一减轻方案之后关闭。
10.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的方法，其中所述颗粒过滤器装置包括选择性催化还原过滤器装置。
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