CN108069495A - 一种有机废水的催化湿式氧化处理方法 - Google Patents
一种有机废水的催化湿式氧化处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108069495A CN108069495A CN201610991334.9A CN201610991334A CN108069495A CN 108069495 A CN108069495 A CN 108069495A CN 201610991334 A CN201610991334 A CN 201610991334A CN 108069495 A CN108069495 A CN 108069495A
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- catalyst
- organic wastewater
- oxide
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
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- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
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- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003978 SiClx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- YJVBLROMQZEFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-L acid red 26 Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].CC1=CC(C)=CC=C1N=NC1=C(O)C(S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC2=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=C12 YJVBLROMQZEFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003851 biochemical process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(II) nitrate Inorganic materials [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B01J29/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
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- B01J29/48—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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Abstract
本发明涉及废水处理技术领域,具体公开了一种有机废水的催化湿式氧化处理方法,所述处理方法包括以下内容:所述有机废水与氧化剂进入反应器进行反应,按照与有机废水的接触顺序,所述反应器内依次装填有催化剂A和催化剂B。本发明方法工艺简单,稳定性好,不仅COD脱除能力高,且可以解决金属流失的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及环保领域,特别是一种有机废水的处理方法。
背景技术
工业生产造成的大量有机污染废水,严重影响了人类的生存状态和生态环境,已经成为一个日益严重的社会和经济问题,尤其是难以生物降解的有机废水处理起来更为困难;另外,由于水资源日益紧缺,国家对水中污染物排放总量控制愈加严格,新标准的制订对我国炼化企业水污染的防治工作提出了新的挑战,炼化企业使用现有二级生化工艺处理后,外排废水污水多数仍不能达到新标准的排放要求。因此有必要对外排污水进行深度处理以实现达标排放,甚至能够回用,这对减少废水的排放污染物的排放量、削减企业的排污费和减少水资源的消耗等方面具有重要意义。
湿式催化氧化法是在湿式空气氧化法基础上加入催化剂发展而来的一种高浓度有机废水的深度处理技术,在一定的温度(160~280 ℃)和压力(2~9 MPa)条件下,在填充专用催化剂的反应器内,利用富氧气体或氧气为氧化剂催化降解高浓度有机废水中的COD、TOC、氨氮等污染物,使之转变为CO2、N2、水等无害成分,达到净化水质的目的。湿式催化氧化法可在较空气氧化法更缓和的操作条件下达到更高的处理效率,从而大大降低投资和运行的费用,被认为是一种有广泛工业应用前景的废水处理技术。该技术的难点在于催化剂。目前,国内外关于催化剂的研究主要有贵金属催化剂和非贵金属催化剂两种。日本专利主要集中在贵金属活性组分担载于TiO2或TiO2-ZrO2上。贵金属催化剂具有高活性和高稳定性,但价格昂贵。非贵金属催化剂主要以铁、铜、锰等金属的氧化物及复合氧化物,其中铜系催化剂由于氧化铜表面的氧得失比较容易,具有很好的催化作用,但在废水中容易铜离子流失造成二次污染,国家限定(GB8978-1996)污水排放一级标准中总铜的含量要低于500 μg/L,二级标准要求低于1000 μg/L。
专利CN01135047.4公开了一种用于催化湿式氧化处理工业废水的铜基催化剂的制备及应用。催化剂的主要成分为铜、锌、镍、镁、铝、铬、铁和一部分稀土金属的氧化物。该催化剂由含有各种金属的盐共沉淀得到类水滑石结构的催化剂,使铜离子的流失得到了控制。但该催化剂只在苯酚、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和水杨酸体系有明显效果,在应用中受到很大限制。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种采用催化湿式氧化处理有机废水的方法,该方法工艺简单,稳定性好,不仅COD脱除能力高,且可以解决金属流失的问题。
本发明提供一种有机废水的催化湿式氧化处理方法,所述处理方法包括以下内容:所述有机废水与氧化剂进入反应器进行反应,按照与有机废水的接触顺序,所述反应器内依次装填有催化剂A和催化剂B,其中,所述催化剂A为铁和/或锰系负载型催化剂,催化剂B为铜系负载型催化剂。
本发明方法中,所述催化剂A与催化剂B的体积比为20%~80%:20%~80%,优选为40%~70%:30%~60%。
本发明方法中,所述反应器内还装填有活性炭床层,按照与有机废水的接触顺序,所述反应器内依次装填有催化剂A、催化剂B和活性炭床层,所述催化剂A、催化剂B、活性炭床层的体积比为10%~40%:20%~70%:20%~40%;优选为20%~30%:40%~60%:20%~30%。
本发明方法中,所述催化剂A包括载体和负载在载体上的活性金属组分,其中以活性炭、分子筛、氧化物中的一种或几种为载体;所述分子筛为A型、Y型、Beta、ZSM-5、TS-1、MCM-41分子筛中的一种或几种,所述氧化物为氧化铝、二氧化铈、二氧化锆、二氧化钛、二氧化硅中的一种或几种;以铁和/或锰为活性金属组分,活性金属组分以氧化物的含量计,Fe2O3和/或MnO2为1~30wt%。所述催化剂A中还包括助剂组分,所述助剂组分为镍、锌、镁、镧、铈、镨、钕中的一种或多种,所述助剂含量为0.1~25wt%。
本发明方法中,所述催化剂B为铜系负载型催化剂,包括载体和负载在载体上的活性金属组分,包括载体和负载在载体上的活性金属组分,其中以活性炭、分子筛、氧化物中的一种或几种为载体;所述分子筛为A型、Y型、Beta、ZSM-5、TS-1、MCM-41分子筛中的一种或几种,所述氧化物为氧化铝、二氧化铈、二氧化锆、二氧化钛、二氧化硅中的一种或几种;以铜为活性金属组分,稀土金属为助剂,以催化剂的重量为基准,活性金属组分以氧化物的含量来计算:CuO为1~30wt%;稀土金属氧化物为0.1~25wt%。所述铜系负载型催化剂活性金属组分中还可以包括铁、镍或钒中的一种或几种。
本发明方法中,所述的稀土金属为镧、铈、镨、钕中的一种或多种。
本发明方法中,所述反应器内还装填有活性炭床层,所述活性炭可选用常规的活性炭商品,比表面积500~3000 m2/g,孔容0.2~1.8 cm3/g,平均孔径1~10nm。
本发明方法中,反应器内的反应温度为120~350℃,优选为180~260℃;反应压力为为1~8MPa,优选为2~5MPa。
本发明方法中,所述有机废水在催化剂床层的停留时间为10~300分钟。
本发明方法中,所述的氧化剂为空气、氧气或过氧化氢。
本发明方法中,所述氧化剂用量为按原始有机废水COD值计算所需氧化剂用量的1.0~2.0倍。
本发明方法中,所述有机废水的COD为500~300000mg/L,所述废水可以为染料废水、石化废水、煤化工废水、农药废水和市政废水中的任一种或几种。
本发明所述的有机废水处理方法,废水在氧化剂存在的条件下首先与铁和/或锰系催化剂接触,氧化剂在铁和/或锰系催化剂的作用下使一部分有机污染物转化,再与催化能力较强的铜系催化剂接触,充分发挥铜系催化剂的催化作用;通过铁和/或锰系催化剂与铜系催化剂的协同作用,不仅有机废水处理效果好,而且还能有效降低金属铜的流失,解决了现有技术中使用铜系催化剂存在的铜金属流失严重的问题。通过下游的活性炭床层具有吸附有机污染物和金属离子的吸附作用,可以进一步脱除有机污染物,并吸附上游反应流失的金属离子,起到双重作用。与现有技术相比,本发明中通过采用催化剂级配方法保持了较高的有机废水COD去除效果,降低了金属离子的排放,并具有较高的反应活性和使用稳定性,特别适用于催化湿式氧化反应。本发明方法过程简单、方便,易于操作,适合工业应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例来进一步说明本发明的制备方法,但是本发明的范围不只限于这些实施例的范围。
催化剂A1的制备(Fe-Ce/AC)
将直径2.0mm,比表面积704m2/g,孔容0.7cm3/g,平均孔径2.0 nm的商用柱状活性炭条在120℃烘干备用。称取500g烘干的活性炭条,根据其吸水率用Fe(NO3)3·9H2O和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O按Fe2O3和CeO2分别占催化剂总重量6%和2%的比例配成溶液。用Fe-Ce溶液等体积浸渍活性炭条2小时,80℃烘干,550℃氮气气氛下焙烧4小时,温度降到室温后取出,得到催化剂A1。
催化剂A2的制备(Fe-Mn-Ce/Al2O3)
将大孔氧化铝粉末与胶溶剂经捏合、碾压、挤条制成直径2.5mm的三叶草形载体,在空气中550℃焙烧后制得Al2O3载体,比表面积220 m2/g,孔容0.7 cm3/g,平均孔径10.4nm。称取500g氧化铝载体,根据其吸水率用Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、50%的Mn(NO3)2·4H2O溶液和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O按Fe2O3、MnO2和CeO2分别占催化剂总重量5%,2%和1%的比例配成溶液。用Fe-Mn-Ce溶液等体积浸渍氧化铝载体2小时,80℃烘干,然后在马弗炉中550℃焙烧4小时,温度降到室温后取出,得到催化剂A2。
催化剂A3的制备(Mn-La/ZSM-5)
将直径2.0mm,比表面积320m2/g,孔容0.3 cm3/g,平均孔径2.4nm的商用ZSM-5分子筛条形载体在120℃烘干备用。称取ZSM-5分子筛载体500g,用50%的Mn(NO3)2·4H2O溶液和La(NO3)3·6H2O按MnO2和La2O3分别占催化剂总重量6%和1.5%的比例配成1000 mL溶液。用Mn-La溶液浸渍ZSM-5载体,在恒温水浴中60℃搅拌3小时,在空气中静置24小时后用旋转蒸发器80℃真空蒸干,得到的样品100℃干燥箱中烘干。然后在马弗炉中550℃焙烧4小时,温度降到室温后取出,得到催化剂A3。
催化剂A4的制备(Mn/AC)
将直径2.0mm,比表面积704m2/g,孔容0.7cm3/g,平均孔径2.0 nm的商用柱状活性炭条在120℃烘干备用。称取500g烘干的活性炭条,根据其吸水率用50%的Mn(NO3)2·4H2O溶液按MnO2占催化剂总重量7%的比例配成溶液。用该溶液等体积浸渍活性炭条2小时,80℃烘干,550℃氮气气氛下焙烧4小时,温度降到室温后取出,得到催化剂A4。
催化剂B1的制备(Cu-Ce/AC)
将直径2.0mm,比表面积704m2/g,孔容0.7cm3/g,平均孔径2.0 nm的商用柱状活性炭条在120℃烘干备用。称取500g烘干的活性炭条,根据其吸水率用Cu(NO3)2·3H2O和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O按CuO和CeO2分别占催化剂总重量5%和1.5%的比例配成溶液。用Cu-Ce溶液等体积浸渍活性炭条2小时,80℃烘干,550℃氮气气氛下焙烧4小时,温度降到室温后取出,得到催化剂B1。
催化剂B2的制备(Cu-Ni-Ce/ZSM-5)
将直径2.0mm,比表面积320m2/g,孔容0.3 cm3/g,平均孔径2.4nm的商用ZSM-5分子筛条形载体在120℃烘干备用。称取ZSM-5分子筛载体500g,用Cu(NO3)2·3H2O、Ni(NO3)2·6H2O和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O按CuO、NiO和CeO2分别占催化剂总重量6%、2%和1%的比例配成1000 mL溶液。用Cu-Ni-Ce溶液浸渍ZSM-5载体,在恒温水浴中60℃搅拌3小时,在空气中静置24小时后用旋转蒸发器80℃真空蒸干,得到的样品100℃干燥箱中烘干。然后在马弗炉中550℃焙烧4小时,温度降到室温后取出,得到催化剂B2。
活性炭选用直径2.0mm,比表面积704 m2/g,孔容0.7 cm3/g,平均孔径2.0 nm的商用柱状活性炭,在120℃烘干备用。
实施例1
将催化剂A1和B1按照体积百分比分别为60%和40%的比例装填到圆筒型反应器中,催化剂总体积为100cm3。酸性大红模拟染料废水的COD初始值为1640.3 mg/L,以氧气为氧化剂,用量为所需理论值的1.6倍。反应器温度240℃,压力3.8 MPa,停留时间60分钟。反应后液体测试其COD,根据COD的去除率来衡量催化剂活性。反应后液体用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测试铜离子的含量,来考察金属的流失情况。其结果列于表1。
实施例2
将催化剂A2和B1按照体积百分比分别为60%和40%的比例装填到反应器中,反应条件与实施例1相同。其结果列于表1。
实施例3
将催化剂A3和B1按照体积百分比分别为20%和80%的比例装填到反应器中,调节废水流量使其在催化剂床层的停留时间为12分钟,氧气用量为所需理论值的2.0倍,其他反应条件与实施例1相同。其结果列于表1。
实施例4
将催化剂A3和B1按照体积百分比分别为80%和20%的比例装填到反应器中,调节废水流量使其在催化剂床层的停留时间为240分钟,氧气用量为所需理论值的1.2倍,其他反应条件与实施例1相同。其结果列于表1。
实施例5
将催化剂A1和B2按照体积百分比分别为60%和40%的比例装填到反应器中,反应条件与实施例1相同。其结果列于表1。
实施例6
将催化剂A1、B1和活性炭按照体积百分比分别为30%、50%和20%的比例装填到反应器中,反应条件与实施例1相同。其结果列于表1。
实施例7
将催化剂A2、B1和活性炭按照体积百分比分别为10%、50%和40%的比例装填到反应器中,调节废水流量使其在催化剂床层的停留时间为120分钟,其他反应条件与实施例1相同。其结果列于表1。
实施例8
将催化剂A3、B1和活性炭按照体积百分比分别为40%、40%和20%的比例装填到反应器中,调节废水流量使其在催化剂床层的停留时间为20分钟,其他反应条件与实施例1相同。其结果列于表1。
实施例9
将催化剂A4、B1和活性炭按照体积百分比分别为30%、50%和20%的比例装填到反应器中,反应条件与实施例1相同。其结果列于表1。
实施例10
将催化剂A1、B2和活性炭按照体积百分比分别为30%、50%和20%的比例装填到反应器中,反应条件与实施例1相同。其结果列于表1。
表1 实施例1-10结果对比
实施例11
反应条件同实施例6,使用的废水模型化合物为苯酚,原溶液COD为3247.6 mg/L,反应温度为220℃,压力4.2 MPa。其结果列于表2。
实施例12
反应条件同实施例6,使用的废水模型化合物为亚甲基蓝,原溶液COD为5326.7 mg/L,反应温度为240℃,压力4.5 MPa,以空气为氧化剂,用量为所需理论值的1.6倍。其结果列于表2。
实施例13
反应条件同实施例6,使用的废水为煤化工废水,原溶液COD为7381.5 mg/L,反应温度为240℃,压力5.6 MPa,以双氧水为氧化剂,用量为所需理论值的1.2倍。其结果列于表2。
表2 实施例11-13结果对比
比较例1
单独使用催化剂A1,反应条件与实施例1相同。其结果列于表3。
比较例2
单独使用催化剂B1,反应条件与实施例1相同。其结果列于表3。
比较例3
将催化剂B1和活性炭按照体积百分比分别为60%和40%的比例装填到反应器中,反应条件与实施例1相同。其结果列于表3。
比较例4
将催化剂B2和活性炭按照体积百分比分别为60%和40%的比例装填到反应器中,反应条件与实施例1相同。其结果列于表3。
表3 比较例1-4结果对比
由以上实施例和对比例可以得知:本发明的催化剂级配方式能显著降低铜离子的流失,同时保持较高的COD去除率。
Claims (18)
1.一种有机废水的处理方法,所述处理方法包括以下内容:所述有机废水与氧化剂进入反应器进行反应,按照与有机废水的接触顺序,所述反应器内依次装填有催化剂A和催化剂B,其中,所述催化剂A为铁和/或锰系负载型催化剂,催化剂B为铜系负载型催化剂。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂A与催化剂B的体积比为20%~80%:20%~80%。
3.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂A与催化剂B的体积比为40%~70%:30%~60%。
4.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述反应器内装填有活性炭床层,按照与有机废水的接触顺序,所述反应器内依次装填有催化剂A、催化剂B和活性炭床层。
5.按照权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂A、催化剂B、活性炭床层的体积比为10%~40%:20%~70%:20%~40%。
6.按照权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂A、催化剂B、活性炭床层的体积比为20%~30%:40%~60%:20%~30%。
7.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂A为包括载体和负载在载体上的活性金属组分,其中以活性炭、分子筛、氧化物中的一种或几种为载体;所述分子筛为A型、Y型、Beta、ZSM-5、TS-1、MCM-41分子筛中的一种或几种,所述氧化物为氧化铝、二氧化铈、二氧化锆、二氧化钛、二氧化硅中的一种或几种;以铁和/或锰为活性金属组分,活性金属组分以氧化物的含量计,Fe2O3和/或MnO2为1~30wt%。
8.按照权利要求 7所述的方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂A包括助剂组分,所述助剂组分为镍、锌、镁、镧、铈、镨、钕中的一种或多种,所述助剂含量为0.1~25wt%。
9.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂B包括载体和负载在载体上的活性金属组分,其中以活性炭、分子筛、氧化物中的一种或几种为载体;所述分子筛为A型、Y型、Beta、ZSM-5、TS-1、MCM-41分子筛中的一种或几种,所述氧化物为氧化铝、二氧化铈、二氧化锆、二氧化钛、二氧化硅中的一种或几种;活性金属组分以氧化物的含量来计算:CuO为1~30wt%;稀土金属氧化物为0.1~25wt%。
10.按照权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂B的活性金属组分中包括铁、镍或钒中的一种或几种。
11.按照权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的稀土金属为镧、铈、镨、钕中的一种或多种。
12.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述反应器内装填有活性炭床层,所述活性炭比表面积500~3000m2/g,孔容0.2~1.8cm3/g,平均孔径1~10nm。
13.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:反应器内的反应温度为120~350℃,优选为180~260℃;反应压力为1~8MPa,优选为2~5 MPa。
14.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述有机废水在催化剂床层的停留时间为10~300分钟。
15.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的氧化剂为空气、氧气或过氧化氢。
16.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述氧化剂用量为按原料有机废水COD值计算所需氧化剂用量的1.0~2.0倍。
17.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述有机废水的COD为500~300000 mg/L。
18.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述有机废水为染料废水、石化废水、煤化工废水、农药废水和市政废水中的一种或几种。
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