CN108068345B - 用于焊接热塑复合零件的高压釜和方法 - Google Patents

用于焊接热塑复合零件的高压釜和方法 Download PDF

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CN108068345B
CN108068345B CN201711120336.1A CN201711120336A CN108068345B CN 108068345 B CN108068345 B CN 108068345B CN 201711120336 A CN201711120336 A CN 201711120336A CN 108068345 B CN108068345 B CN 108068345B
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abutment
thermoplastic composite
process chamber
pressure
autoclave
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CN108068345A (zh
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彼得·林德
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Airbus Operations GmbH
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Airbus Operations GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
    • B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
    • B01J19/126—Microwaves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1425—Microwave radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J3/04—Pressure vessels, e.g. autoclaves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface direct heating of the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1454—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1464—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1464—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311—Thermal properties
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2206/00—Aspects relating to heating by electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields covered by group H05B6/00
    • H05B2206/04—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B2206/044—Microwave heating devices provided with two or more magnetrons or microwave sources of other kind

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于焊接热塑复合零件的高压釜和方法。用于焊接热塑复合零件(15)的高压釜(1)包括：密封的处理腔(2)、压力源(4)、微波源(5)和被配置为在该处理腔(2)内支撑在邻接部(17)中彼此接触的至少两个热塑复合零件(15)的工件支撑构件(7)。该压力源(4)被配置为在该处理腔(2)中生成高于围绕该处理腔(2)的环境压力的正压力，同时该微波源(5)朝该邻接部(17)发射微波，从而在该邻接部(17)的区域中局部熔化该热塑复合零件(15)并将其焊接在一起。

Description

用于焊接热塑复合零件的高压釜和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于焊接热塑复合零件的高压釜和方法。
背景技术
文件US 6284089 B1公开一种用于接合热塑复合夹心板的方法，其具有位于板之间的用于将板彼此焊接的感应式加热感应器。
发明内容
本发明将解决的问题是提供一种用于焊接热塑复合零件的高压釜和方法，其对于大的热塑复合零件提高焊接质量。
此问题通过具有根据下述特征的用于焊接热塑复合零件的高压釜和方法解决。优选的实施例在各个方面中列举。
一种用于焊接热塑复合零件的高压釜包括处理腔，其对于该处理腔外侧的周围环境密封。该高压釜进一步包括被配置为在该处理腔中生成正压力的压力源，该正压力高于围绕该高压釜的环境压力。进一步地，该高压釜包括微波源和工件支撑构件，该工件支撑构件被配置为在该处理腔内支撑在邻接部中彼此接触的待焊接的至少两个热塑复合零件/工件。该压力源被配置为在该处理腔中生成高于围绕该高压釜的环境压力的正压力，同时微波源朝该邻接部发射微波，从而在该邻接部中局部熔化该热塑复合零件并将其焊接在一起。
非接触压力的增加帮助在焊接期间将热塑复合零件压在一起并且提高其焊接质量，特别是对于大的热塑复合零件。用于在接触-/邻接部将两个热塑复合零件压在一起的机械力的传统应用结合热塑复合零件处的增加的温度能够导致变形。这种变形能够通过在根据本发明的高压釜内侧提供压力而避免，其自动地沿着热塑复合零件的整个可用表面分配压力以将其一致地和轻柔地压在一起。整个焊接同时建立，而不需要移动的工具，其减小零件上的应力。另外，这种焊接是能量有效的，因为只有邻接部被加热，而不是整个零件或高压釜中的整个体积。
该高压釜可包括第一监测设备，适于监测该处理腔中该热塑复合零件的位置和/或朝向。因此，具体地可确定该处理腔内的该邻接部的该位置和/或朝向。替代地或另外地，第二监测设备可被提供，其适于监测该处理腔中该热塑复合零件的形状。该第一和该第二监测设备可被设计为独立设备的形式。但是，也可想到的是对该高压釜仅配备以单个监测系统，其实施为或包括该第一和第二监测设备。
进一步地，该高压釜可包括温度传感器，适于监测该邻接部的温度。该温度传感器可为非接触红外温度传感器，其优选地被配置为使得其朝向和/或其位置相对于该工件支撑构件可调整，并因此相对于支撑在工件支撑构件上的该热塑复合零件可调整。优选地，该温度传感器定位在该处理腔内，使得其指向该邻接部，优选地指向该邻接部的可见边缘，并且因此能够测量该邻接部的区域中的温度。直接在该邻接部测量温度是有益的，因为这对于焊接质量是最相关的部分。
具体地，在由该微波源发射的微波指向该邻接部的情况下，该处理腔中的空气低于该邻接部的区域中的温度，使得从该处理腔内的空气温度得出该邻接部的温度将高度不准确。但是，当测量该邻接部的可见边缘处的温度时，沿着该邻接部的温度分布能够例如根据该零件的材料、其厚度、该处理腔内的压力、该邻接部的形状和尺寸而确定。
该高压釜也可包括压力传感器，适于监测该处理腔内的压力。如温度一样，该处理腔内的压力是用于确定是否正确地执行焊接和结果是否令人满意的重要参数。例如，如果压力过低，零件将不以足够的力压在一起而导致虚焊，如果压力过高，零件能够由于增加的温度而在焊接期间变形。另外，如果温度、特别是焊接部的温度过低，焊接将不牢固，因为两个零件的材料将没有或者不足够地熔化，如果温度过高，具有零件变形的风险，因为两个零件的过多材料将熔化。另外，压力和温度相互关联并且有利地测量和监测，从而调整其比例。
该第一和第二监测设备中的至少一个可包括至少一个摄像机，其被配置为拍摄该工件支撑构件，优选地也拍摄该热塑复合零件。具体地，两个或多个摄像机被提供和配置为从不同角度拍摄该工件支撑构架，优选地也拍摄该热塑复合零件。由此将被焊接的零件的位置和朝向能够以可靠的方式确定和监测，其能够帮助如以下将进一步描述的相应地调整该微波源。使用两个或多个摄像机允许例如从将被焊接的零件的上方和下方的若干视图，或者该高压釜的零件/处理腔的一个三维视图。
优选地，该工件支撑构件是透明的，从而允许摄像机通过其捕捉将被焊接的零件。摄像机可被配置为仅检测将被焊接的一个或全部零件上的标识，诸如条形码或二维码，例如从而根据该零件的类型控制和设置该微波源，零件类型即例如材料、尺寸和形状，其允许使用更少的摄像机或者仅一个较低规格的摄像机，使得成本被降低。摄像机也可被配置为记录拍摄的材料。该高压釜可进一步包括显示器，其被配置为显示拍摄的/记录的图像，以通过操作者监管该处理腔中的焊接过程。但是，整个焊接过程也可自主地进行，例如由CPU控制，使得经由显示器的控制变得不必要或更不重要。
该高压釜可进一步包括控制单元，其适于根据该处理腔中该热塑复合零件的位置和/或朝向、该邻接部的温度、该处理腔中该热塑复合零件的形状和该处理腔内的压力中的至少一个来控制该工件支撑构件、该压力源和该微波源中的至少一个的运行。该高压釜可被提供以中央控制系统，其控制该工件支撑构件、该压力源和该微波源的运行。但是，也可想到的是，该高压釜被装配以单独的控制单元，用于控制该工件支撑构件、该压力源和该微波源的运行。
该微波源和该工件支撑构件中的至少一个是可移动的。具体地，该微波源可被配置为沿着该处理腔的内壁移动和/或倾斜，从而将从该微波源发射的该微波指向该邻接部。因此，该微波源和该工件支撑构件的相对位置可如期望地改变。优选地，该微波源和该工件支撑构件根据该处理腔中该热塑复合零件的位置和/或朝向相对于彼此可移动，从而将从该微波源发射的微波指向至该邻接部上。基本上，该微波源和/或该工件支撑构件的位置改变可手动地实现。但是，优选地，该微波源和/或该工件支撑构件在该控制单元的控制下可移动。
该微波源可被配置为使得，从该微波源发射的微波的朝向和/或强度基于该微波源和该邻接部之间的距离、从该微波源发射的微波相对于该邻接部的朝向和该邻接部的温度中的至少一个可调整。由此，该微波源的运行可适于放置在该工件支撑构件上的不同尺寸的零件和/或该零件的不同邻接部。进一步地，该邻接部中的一致的温度能够被保持。例如，如果该邻接部中的温度确定为过高，由该微波源发射的微波的强度可被降低和/或该微波源可被远离该邻接部指向，或者指向邻接部的温度过低的部分。
该微波源可被配置为使得，从该微波源发射的微波的朝向和/或强度可调整，从而在检测到该热塑复合零件的形状相比于其放置在该处理腔中时的初始形状发生改变时减小该邻接部中的温度。换言之，基于该微波源的主/中心微波束轴线至该邻接部上的撞击点的长度(距离)、并基于在主/中心微波束轴线在邻接部上的撞击点处该微波源的主/中心微波束轴线与该邻接部之间的角度，例如通过该控制单元可控制该微波源的运行。从而，能够实现和保持该邻接部中的一致的热量分布。
替代地或另外地，该压力源可被配置为在检测到该热塑复合零件的该形状相比于其放置在该处理腔中时的初始形状发生改变时减小该处理腔内的压力。具体地，在检测该热塑复合零件的该邻接部和/或非邻接部的形状发生异常改变时，该微波源可被配置为减小该邻接部中的温度和/或该压力源可配置为减小该处理腔中的压力。
如果一个零件的形状的变形被确定，一个可能的原因是该处理腔内过量的空气压力。该邻接部中的温度可为另一个原因，因为高温可导致该零件的材料的软化甚至熔化，从而可发生不期望的变形。因此，优选地该零件的温度、优选地该邻接部的温度被监测，并且从该微波源发射的微波的朝向和/或强度根据该邻接部的温度被调整，从而能够避免该零件的实际变形。但是，在检测到该热塑复合零件的形状相比于其放置在该处理腔中的初始形状发生改变时调节从该微波源发射的微波的朝向和/或强度，可被提供为另外的质量控制措施。
该高压釜可包括沿着该处理腔的内壁设置的多个微波源。这允许该零件的该邻接部的均衡加热。该微波源可以一排或多排设置。成排设置允许纵向的邻接部在均衡温度下被焊接在一起。多个微波源可被配置为独立地控制。优选地，其强度可独立地控制，例如根据该邻接部的位置和/或朝向。从而，热量能够均衡地分布在该邻接部内。例如，一些微波源能够被关闭，而其他的微波源能够关于其位置、朝向、和合成距离被调整，以选择发射的微波的合适强度，使得该邻接部被均衡加热。另外，当过度加热时，微波源能够与其他切换位置从而防止被破坏，或者故障的微波源能够被其他的自动地替换或补偿，其避免许多微波源中的一个故障或失灵时每次维修的需求。
微波源可发射915MHz至2.45GHz之间的微波，优选为异频。优点在于便宜的消费者微波源(2.45GHz)或者更高能量标准的工业源(915MHz)能够被使用的事实。在两种情况下，在故障或失灵的情况下替换该微波源将容易和快速，因使用为容易地可用的标准。该微波源可进一步发射在以上范围中的不同的异频的微波。从而，更宽范围的应用是可能的，因为该高压釜将根据该零件的复合材料、其厚度、该零件和其邻接部的尺寸以及该邻接部至该微波源的距离为焊接提供不同的微波频率。另外，这种具有彼此不同微波异频的微波源的组合可被使用以提高焊接质量。
在一种用于在高压釜中焊接热塑复合零件的方法中，在邻接部中彼此接触的两个热塑复合零件放置在该高压釜的密封的处理腔内的工件支撑工件上。该密封的处理腔通过压力源以高于围绕该处理腔的环境压力的正压力进行加压。同时，即该处理腔保持在升高压力下时，微波从微波源朝该邻接部发射，从而在该邻接部的区域中局部熔化该热塑复合零件并将其焊接在一起。
该方法进一步包括至少一个另外的步骤，检测该处理腔中该热塑复合零件的位置和/或朝向，检测该邻接部的温度，检测该处理腔中该热塑复合零件的形状和检测该处理腔内的压力。
该工件支撑构件、该压力源和该微波源中的至少一个的运行可依据该处理腔中该热塑复合零件的位置和/或朝向、该邻接部的温度、该处理腔中该热塑复合零件的形状和该处理腔内的压力中的至少一个而被控制。
该微波源和该工件支撑构件中的至少一个可依据该处理腔中该热塑复合零件的位置和/或朝向移动，从而将从该微波源发射的该微波指向至该邻接部上。
从该微波源发射的微波的朝向和/或强度可基于该微波源和该邻接部之间的距离、从该微波源发射的微波相对于该邻接部的朝向和该邻接部的温度中的至少一个进行调整。
优选地，该处理腔内的压力和/或该邻接部的区域中的温度在检测到该热塑复合零件的形状相比于其放置在该处理腔中时的初始形状发生改变时被降低。该处理腔内的压力和/或该邻接部的区域中的温度可在检测到该热塑复合零件的邻接部和/或非邻接部的形状发生异常改变时而被降低。
多个微波源可沿着该处理腔的内壁设置，优选地以一排或多排设置，其中该多个微波源具体地可被单独地控制，从而依据该邻接部的位置和/或朝向选择性地发射微波。
附图说明
本发明将参照以下附图进一步描述，其中类似的元件具有类似的参考标记。为了提高附图的可读性，仅提供一些类似的参考标记，而其他的能够由熟练的读者明显地导出。在这些附图中：
图1为高压釜的透视图，其具有沿其内壁的多个微波源和桌状工件支撑构件，其中两个热塑复合零件在邻接部中重叠，和
图2为没有图1中的桌状工件支撑构件的在邻接部中重叠的两个不同组的热塑复合零件的透视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出高压釜1的一部分，其具有由圆柱形内壁3包围的密封处理腔2。高压釜1的压力源4被配置为在处理腔2内生成正压力，该正压力高于围绕高压釜1的处理腔2的环境压力。高压釜进一步包括微波源5。在图中示出的高压釜1的具体实施例中，若干排多个微波源5被安装至壁3。每排微波源5平行于处理腔2的纵向伸展范围延伸，排的总和形成半圆柱形，其也能够称作处理腔2的截面中的上半部。
处理腔2的所述截面中的下半部容纳工件支撑构件7，其设置在处理腔2的中心并且被形成为桌子。在高压釜1内侧，工件支撑构件7上放置待焊接的热塑复合零件15。
图2示出这种热塑复合零件15a、15b的两个配置，其在公共接触-/邻接部17上彼此直接接触。此邻接部17由零件15a、15b中的至少一个的边缘19限定轮廓。零件15a、15b的剩余部指示为非邻接部21。
除了压力源4之外，高压釜1包括压力传感器9。另外，高压釜1具有安装在壁3上的温度传感器11和摄像机13。摄像机13形成第一和第二监测设备，用于监测处理腔2中的热塑复合零件15的位置和/或朝向和处理腔2中的热塑复合零件15的形状。
控制单元14连接至压力源4、微波源5、压力传感器9、温度传感器11和摄像机13。
参考图1和图2，将描述用于在热塑复合零件15的邻接部17的区域中焊接热塑复合零件15的高压釜1的操作。
热塑复合零件15在高压釜1的处理腔2内被放置在工件支撑构件7上，使得其在其邻接部17中彼此接触。摄像机13监测高压釜1内零件15的位置和朝向，并且分析邻接部17的位置和朝向。基于此分析，微波源5被指向邻接部17。另外地，微波源5能够沿着壁3移动以达到壁3上的期望位置。虽然能够使用一个微波源5，几个微波源5允许聚焦在邻接部17的不同部分上，这对于一致地加热大的邻接部17是有利的。摄像机13可另外地或替代地用于拍摄和记录零件15的初始形状，从而允许在焊接期间和焊接以后监测和比较其形状。
随后地，根据微波源5与邻接部17的距离和朝向，每个微波源5的强度被设定。另外地，能够确定仅有一些微波源5将被用于焊接，其可根据邻接部17的位置、朝向和/或尺寸。然后，处理腔2被密封，处理腔2中的压力通过压力源4增加至设定水平，微波源5被打开并且以设定或可调整量的时间发射915MHz和2.45GHz之间的异频的微波，以便加热邻接部17，从而将零件15彼此焊接。当然，处理腔的密封能够在热塑复合零件15放置在处理腔2内以后直接执行。
在零件15的加热/焊接期间，压力传感器9监测高压釜1的压力腔2内的压力。当通过摄像机13确定零件15的形状异常改变时，高压釜1内的正压力能够被减小。
同时，为非接触红外温度传感器的温度传感器11监测邻接部17处的温度，温度传感器11的朝向和位置相对于工件支撑构件7可调整。为此目的，温度传感器11可指向邻接部17的可见边缘19。基于监测的温度，微波源5的位置、朝向和/或强度能够被控制。另外，当通过摄像机13确定零件15的形状异常改变时，微波源5的位置、朝向和/或强度能够相应地被控制以使温度下降。
为了以上描述的操作，能够容易地提供控制单元14。

Claims (19)

1.一种用于焊接热塑复合零件(15)的高压釜(1)，包括：
密封的处理腔(2)，
压力源(4)，
微波源(5)，和
工件支撑构件(7)，被配置为在该处理腔(2)内支撑在邻接部(17)中彼此接触的至少两个热塑复合零件(15)，
其中该压力源(4)被配置为在该处理腔(2)中生成高于围绕该处理腔(2)的环境压力的正压力，同时该微波源(5)朝该邻接部(17)发射微波，从而在该邻接部(17)的区域中局部熔化该热塑复合零件(15)并将其焊接在一起，
其中该压力源(4)被配置为在检测到该热塑复合零件(15)的形状与其放置在该处理腔(2)中的初始形状相比发生改变时减小该处理腔(2)内的压力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高压釜(1)，进一步包括以下中的至少一个：
第一监测设备，适于监测该处理腔(2)中该热塑复合零件(15)的位置和朝向中的至少一个；
第二监测设备，适于监测该处理腔(2)中该热塑复合零件(15)的形状；
温度传感器(11)，适于监测该邻接部(17)的温度；和
压力传感器(9)，适于监测该处理腔(2)内的压力。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高压釜(1)，
其中该第一监测设备和第二监测设备中的至少一个包括至少一个摄像机(13)，该摄像机被配置为拍摄该工件支撑构件(7)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的高压釜(1)，其中两个或多个摄像机(13)被提供和配置为从不同角度拍摄该工件支撑构件(7)。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的高压釜(1)，其中所述摄像机(13)被配置为也拍摄该热塑复合零件(15)。
6.根据权利要求2所述的高压釜(1)，进一步包括：
控制单元(14)，适于依据该处理腔(2)中该热塑复合零件(15)的位置和朝向、该邻接部(17)的温度、该处理腔(2)中该热塑复合零件(15)的形状和该处理腔(2)内的压力中的至少一个控制该工件支撑构件(7)、该压力源(4)和该微波源(5)中的至少一个的运行。
7.根据权利要求2所述的高压釜(1)，
其中该微波源(5)和该工件支撑构件(7)中的至少一个依据该处理腔(2)中该热塑复合零件(15)的位置和朝向中的至少一个能移动，从而将从该微波源(5)发射的微波指向至该邻接部(17)上。
8.根据权利要求2所述的高压釜(1)，
其中该微波源(5)被配置为使得，从该微波源(5)发射的该微波的朝向和强度中的至少一个基于该微波源(5)和该邻接部(17)之间的距离、从该微波源(5)发射的微波相对于该邻接部(17)的朝向和该邻接部(17)的温度中的至少一个能被调整。
9.根据权利要求2所述的高压釜(1)，
其中该压力源(4)被配置为在检测到该热塑复合零件(15)的该邻接部(17)和非邻接部(21)中的至少一个的形状发生异常改变时减小该处理腔(2)内的压力。
10.根据权利要求1所述的高压釜(1)，其中
多个微波源(5)沿着该处理腔(2)的内壁(3)设置，其中该多个微波源(5)被配置为单独地受控制。
11.根据权利要求10所述的高压釜(1)，
其中该多个微波源(5)沿着该处理腔(2)的内壁(3)以一排或多排设置。
12.一种用于在高压釜(1)中焊接热塑复合件的方法，包括步骤：
将两个热塑复合零件(15)放置在该高压釜(1)的密封的处理腔(2)内的工件支撑构件(7)上，该两个热塑复合零件(15)在邻接部(17)中彼此接触；
通过压力源(4)以高于围绕该处理腔(2)的环境压力的正压力对该密封的处理腔(2)进行加压；和
同时从微波源(5)朝该邻接部(17)发射微波，从而在该邻接部(17)的区域中局部地熔化该热塑复合零件(15)并将其焊接在一起，
其中该处理腔(2)内的压力在检测到该热塑复合零件(15)的形状与其放置在该处理腔(2)中的初始形状相比发生改变时被减小。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，进一步包括至少一个另外的步骤：
监测该处理腔(2)中该热塑复合零件(15)的位置和朝向中的至少一个；
监测该邻接部(17)的温度；
监测该处理腔(2)中该热塑复合零件(15)的形状；和
监测该处理腔(2)内的压力。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，
其中该工件支撑构件(7)、该压力源(4)和该微波源(5)中的至少一个的运行依据该处理腔(2)中该热塑复合零件(15)的位置和朝向、该邻接部(17)的温度、该处理腔(2)中该热塑复合零件(15)的形状和该处理腔(2)内的压力中的至少一个而受到控制。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法，
其中该微波源(5)和该工件支撑构件(7)中的至少一个依据该处理腔(2)中该热塑复合零件(15)的位置和朝向中的至少一个移动，从而将从该微波源(5)发射的微波指向至该邻接部(17)上。
16.根据权利要求13所述的方法，
其中从该微波源(5)发射的微波的朝向和/或强度基于该微波源(5)和该邻接部(17)之间的距离、从该微波源(5)发射的微波相对于该邻接部(17)的朝向和该邻接部(17)的温度中的至少一个而调整。
17.根据权利要求13所述的方法，
其中该处理腔(2)内的压力在检测到该热塑复合零件(15)的该邻接部(17)和非邻接部(21)中的至少一个的形状发生异常改变时被减小。
18.根据权利要求12所述的方法，
其中多个微波源(5)沿着该处理腔(2)的内壁(3)设置，其中该多个微波源(5)被配置为单独地受控制，从而根据该邻接部(17)的位置和朝向中的至少一个选择性地发射微波。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法，
其中该多个微波源(5)沿着该处理腔(2)的内壁(3)以一排或多排设置。
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