CN114407371B - 一种塑料焊接方法及其应用 - Google Patents

一种塑料焊接方法及其应用 Download PDF

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CN114407371B
CN114407371B CN202210107242.5A CN202210107242A CN114407371B CN 114407371 B CN114407371 B CN 114407371B CN 202210107242 A CN202210107242 A CN 202210107242A CN 114407371 B CN114407371 B CN 114407371B
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胡耀武
胡益忠
何亚丽
夏敏
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Wuhan University WHU
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1425Microwave radiation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
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    • B29C65/1432Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface direct heating of the surfaces to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种塑料焊接方法及应用。焊接方法如下:步骤S1:将待焊接塑料放置在金属压头和基板之间,金属压头和基板对待焊接塑料实施一定压力以保证待焊接塑料的待焊接界面紧密贴合;步骤S2:通过微波发生器产生微波,并朝向待焊接界面传播,基于金属压头2和基板3在微波作用下的等离激元增强效应以实现焊接;步骤S3:移动到下一个焊接点或通过连续运动,实现下一个焊接点或连续的焊接。本发明能够通过局域增强等离激元的加热效应,显著提高塑料焊接效率、精度和成本,避免传统热金属贴合焊接只能焊薄膜的缺陷,焊接质量高,焊缝强度高。本发明还能够将该方法应用于沙漠水土保持中,解决当前塑料垃圾的污染问题,实现环境改善和保护的双赢。

Description

一种塑料焊接方法及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及塑料焊接方法技术领域,具体涉及一种塑料焊接方法及其应用。
背景技术
塑料是日程生活和工业生产中经常用到的有机材料,用处十分广泛。由于塑料降解慢,其对环境的污染已成为全球的重要难题。
目前,塑料的焊接方法有热板、热风、热棒、热条等通过热传导方式进行的热焊接,这个方法往往造成表面温度过高,内部温度低,温度分布不均匀,存在厚工件难以焊接、焊接强度差等难题。也存在通过相互机械运动、超声波振动通过摩擦生热进行焊接;或通过红外线辐射、激光辐射等进行方式进行辐射焊接;或通过高频感应线圈诱导磁场进行磁性材料辅助的焊接。这些方法都存在设备复杂,控制性差,成本高等问题。
可以看出,目前缺乏简便可靠,精度高,成本低,效率高,鲁棒性高,同时适用于多种几何尺寸的塑料焊接方法。
同时,塑料垃圾已成为全球公敌,塑料垃圾的再生利用存在难题。
目前亟需精确、高效率、低成本、鲁棒性强、简单可靠的塑料焊接方法。亟需对塑料垃圾的再生利用的方法。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种塑料焊接方法及其应用,为实现多层塑料薄膜或塑料厚板焊接,提高塑料焊接效率和质量,实现塑料垃圾的再利用,同时实现沙漠地区水土改善,提供了一条新的道路。
为实现上述目的,本发明第一方面提供了一种塑料焊接方法包括以下步骤:
一种塑料焊接方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤S1:将待焊接塑料放置在金属压头和基板之间,金属压头和基板对待焊接塑料实施一定压力以保证待焊接塑料的待焊接界面紧密贴合;
步骤S2:通过微波发生器产生微波,并朝向待焊接界面传播,基于金属压头2和基板3在微波作用下的等离激元增强效应,塑料自身的吸波效应或塑料界面放置的吸波薄层实现加热效果,以实现焊接;
步骤S3:移动到下一个焊接点或通过连续运动,实现下一个焊接点或连续的焊接。
进一步,所述步骤S1中,金属压头与基板的接触面为球形或尖端。
进一步,所述步骤S1中,基板的材料为金属。
进一步,所述步骤S1中,基板的材形状为圆形、弧形或方形。
进一步,所述步骤S1中,金属压头和基板可覆盖有金属或陶瓷表面涂层。
进一步,所述步骤S2中,微波采用频率在300MHz-300GHz之间,波长在1毫米到1米之间,峰值功率大于1W。
更进一步,所述步骤S2中,微波采用频率在300MHz-30GHz之间,波长在1厘米到1米之间,峰值功率大于1W。
进一步,所述步骤S3中,移动的控制为手动式或由计算机程序控制。
进一步,所述金属压头和基板的移动选择进行有规律摩擦或挤压振动。可根据待焊接塑料厚度选择金属压头2和基板3的几何形状
本发明第二方面提供第一方面所述的方法在沙漠地区固沙保墒的应用方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤S1:将塑料垃圾与吸波塑料在水中混合,然后将其焊接;
步骤S2:将塑料垃圾与制品运输到沙漠表面,并形成碗状,沙尘在自然风作用下自然沉积到塑料表面实现覆盖;
步骤S3:当有雨水降临时,碗装塑料能保水,防止水分渗透,从而逐渐恢复表面生态。
本发明的优点及有益效果如下:
(1)本发明提供的塑料焊接方法及应用,能够通过局域增强等离激元的加热效应,显著提高塑料焊接效率、精度和成本,避免传统热金属贴合焊接只能焊薄膜的缺陷,焊接质量高,焊缝强度高.
(2)本发明能够高效率低成本将水封装在塑料垃圾或制品中,免去了塑料的掩埋过程,水可以防止塑料移动,实现在沙漠地区的水分保持并解决当前塑料垃圾的污染问题,且还可以保温,最终可实现环境改善和保护的双赢。
附图说明
图1为本发明针对塑料材料的焊接的过程示意图;
图2为本发明针对塑料材料的焊接的热量分布图;图2(a)为热量分布的仿真结果;图2(b)为塑料焊接过程中红外线热像仪采集到的热量分布情况。
图3为本发明实现的多层塑料焊接结果的相机照片。
图中:1-待焊接塑料,2-金属压头,3-基板,4-微波发生器,5-微波传播方向。
具体实施方式
为更好的理解本发明,以下结合实施例与附图对本发明的进一步说明,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
实施例1
塑料焊接方法:
如图1所示,将待焊接塑料1放置在金属压头2和球形基板3中间,金属压头2和球形基板3对待焊接塑料1实施一定压力保证待焊接塑料1的待焊接界面紧密贴合。通过150瓦微波发生器4产生12厘米左右的微波并朝向5传播,发生基于金属压头2和球形基板3在微波作用下的等离激元增强效应,在塑料内部产生高度聚集的微波场,并发生在高强微波场强作用下,塑料自身的吸波效应或塑料界面放置的吸波薄层实现加热效果,从而实现待焊接塑料的焊接。最后,移动到下一个焊接点或连续运动,实现下一个焊接点或连续的焊接。金属压头和基板可以覆盖有金属或陶瓷表面涂层。
本发明能够通过局域增强等离激元的加热效应,显著提高塑料焊接效率、精度和成本,避免传统热金属贴合焊接只能焊薄膜的缺陷,焊接质量高,焊缝强度高。
图2分别示出了热量分布的仿真结果(图2(a))和塑料焊接过程中红外线热像仪采集到的热量分布情况(图2(b)),热量的大小和分布受金属压头与基板的材料、形状、距离及微波波长、频率和峰值功率控制,从图中可以看出,热量集中分布在金属压头与基板之间的塑料区域且温度较高,可短时间内融化多层塑料,金属压头和基板以及塑料的非焊接区域温度没有明显升高。
应用实施例1
实施例1所述焊接方法在沙漠地区固沙保墒的应用方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤S1:将塑料垃圾与吸波塑料在水中混合,然后将其焊接;
步骤S2:将塑料垃圾与制品运输到沙漠表面,并形成碗状,沙尘在自然风作用下自然沉积到塑料表面实现覆盖;
步骤S3:当有雨水降临时,碗装塑料能保水,防止水分渗透,从而逐渐恢复表面生态。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式而已,当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变动,这些改进和变动也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种塑料焊接方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤S1:将具有一定介电常数的热塑性的待焊接塑料放置在金属压头和基板之间,金属压头和基板对待焊接塑料实施一定压力以保证待焊接塑料的待焊接界面紧密贴合;金属压头与基板的接触面为球形或尖端;所述基板的材料为金属;
步骤S2:通过微波发生器产生微波,并朝向待焊接界面传播,基于金属压头(2)和基板(3)在微波作用下的等离激元增强效应,塑料自身的吸波效应或塑料界面放置的吸波薄层实现加热效果,以实现焊接;
步骤S3:移动到下一个焊接点或通过连续运动,实现下一个焊接点或连续的焊接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S1中,金属压头和基板可覆有金属或陶瓷表面涂层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S1中,基板的形状为圆形、弧形或方形。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S2中,微波采用频率在300MHz-300GHz之间,波长在1毫米到1米之间,峰值功率大于1W。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S2中,微波采用频率在300MHz-30GHz之间,波长在1厘米到1米之间,峰值功率大于1W。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S3中,移动的控制为手动式或由计算机程序控制。
7.权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法在沙漠地区水土保持的应用方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤S1:将塑料垃圾与吸波塑料在水中混合,然后将其焊接得到塑料制品;
步骤S2:将塑料制品运输到沙漠表面,并形成碗状,沙尘在自然风作用下自然沉积到塑料表面实现覆盖;
步骤S3:当有雨水降临时,碗状塑料能保水,防止水分渗透,从而逐渐恢复表面生态。
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CN106881871A (zh) * 2017-03-31 2017-06-23 北京微纳宏创科技有限公司 热塑性高分子材料体之间的可控定位面焊接方法
CN210062059U (zh) * 2019-06-26 2020-02-14 淮安忠信包装材料有限公司 一种微波专用袋生产用热熔焊接设备

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