CN108066424A - 一种治疗螃蟹腐壳病的中药水剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗螃蟹腐壳病的中药水剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种治疗螃蟹腐壳病的中药水剂及其制备方法,由大黄、熟石膏、制乳香、雄黄和黄芩制备而成。其制备步骤是:(1)将中药粉碎至30‑80目,按配方量称取,三维混合得中药粉;(2)将混合后的中药粉投入到提取罐中,加5‑15倍量水煮2‑12小时;(3)过滤除去药渣,所得滤液留置备用;(4)将药渣再次投入到提取罐中,加5‑10倍量水煮2‑10小时;(5)过滤除去药渣,所得液体与第一次提取液体合并;(6)30‑100℃减压浓缩提取液至原体积10%‑50%,过滤除渣灌装,得成品。本发明所提供的中药水剂具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒、杀虫疗庁、敛疮生肌之功效,治疗螃蟹腐壳病疗效显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中兽药制剂领域,尤其是一种治疗螃蟹腐壳病的中药水剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
螃蟹腐壳病又称甲壳溃疡病,是由细菌引起的一种疾病。在捕捞作业、长途运输、长时间暂养过程中,蟹体遭受创伤后容易发生。病蟹步足尖端破损,呈黑色溃疡并腐烂,然后步足各节及背甲、胸板出现白色斑点。斑点的中部凹下,呈微红色,并逐渐变成黑色溃疡,严重时中心部溃疡较深,甲壳被侵袭成洞,可见肌肉或皮膜,最终导致河蟹死亡。该病表现症状有多种:一是病蟹甲壳初期有白色斑点,其后由此斑点中间内凹并蚀成小洞,肉眼可见其壳内组织。在步足、腹甲上可见溃疡斑点,病蟹最终因蜕壳不遂而死亡;二是病蟹甲壳出现棕色或红棕色点状病灶,这些斑点逐步发展连成块,中心部位溃疡,边缘呈黑色;三是步足破损,早期为红色斑点或褐色斑点,晚期斑点连成不规则片状并腐烂,严重时甲壳被侵蚀成洞,可见黑色皮膜或肌肉,最终死亡。
目前治疗螃蟹腐壳病主要使用抗生素,如土霉素、磺胺类药物等。但是大量使用抗生素会引起耐药性和药物残留等问题,因此急需寻找一种新的药物代替抗生素。采用中药治疗螃蟹腐壳病可有效避免耐药性和药物残留问题,因此成为本领域热门研究方向之一。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是:克服现有技术的不足,提供一种疗效确切的纯天然中药组合物。
本发明要解决的另一技术问题是:提供一种治疗螃蟹腐壳病的中药配方。
本发明要解决的另一技术问题是:提供上述中药组合物水剂的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种治疗螃蟹腐壳病的中药组合物,其特征在于:由如下质量份数的原料制备而成:大黄14-22份、熟石膏12-18份、制乳香22-30份、雄黄20-28份、黄芩14-18份。
进一步地,该中药组合物的最佳原料的质量份数如下:大黄20份、熟石膏16份、制乳香26份、雄黄24份、黄芩14份。
进一步地,该中药组合物可以是水剂。
进一步地,该中药组合物水剂的制备方法是:(1)将中药粉碎至30-80目,按配方量称取,三维混合得中药粉;(2)将混合后的中药粉投入到提取罐中,加5-15倍量水煮2-12小时;(3)过滤除去药渣,所得滤液留置备用;(4)将药渣再次投入到提取罐中,加5-10倍量水煮2-10小时;(5)过滤除去药渣,所得液体与第一次提取液体合并;(6)30-100℃减压浓缩提取液至原体积10%-50%,过滤除渣灌装,得成品。
本发明具有的优点和积极效果是:
(1)本组方依据中药理论,科学配伍,选用具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒、杀虫疗庁、敛疮生肌之功效的天然中草药,采用标准化工艺制得一种中药水剂。经临床检验,该中药水剂治疗螃蟹腐壳病疗效显著。
(2)本组方所制得的中药水剂纯天然、无污染,并且不产生耐药性,是一种真正的新型绿色兽药。
(3)本发明各中药原料的药理是:
大黄:清热泻火,凉血解毒;
熟石膏:清热泻火,敛疮生肌;
制乳香:活血行气,消肿生肌;
雄黄:解毒杀虫疗疮;
黄芩:清热燥湿,泻火解毒。
配方之中,大黄内服清热解毒,外用泻火解毒、凉血消肿,可治热毒痈肿庁疖。熟石膏外用,有敛疮生肌,收湿之功,可治溃疡不敛。制乳香辛香走窜,味苦通泄入血,既能散瘀止痛,又能活血消痈,去腐生肌。雄黄性温而燥,有解毒杀虫,燥湿之功效,主治痈疽恶疮。制乳香配雄黄可解毒消痈散结。黄芩性味苦寒,功能清热燥湿,具有清热泻火解毒的作用,可治火毒炽盛之痈肿疮毒。
上述五味药配伍使用,具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒、杀虫疗庁、敛疮生肌之功效,治疗螃蟹腐壳病效果明显。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明做进一步详述,以下实施例只是描述性的,不是限定性的,不能以此限定本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种治疗螃蟹腐壳病的中药水剂,各原料的重量份数如下:大黄20份、熟石膏16份、制乳香26份、雄黄24份、黄芩14份制备而成。其制备方法是:(1)将中药粉碎至40目,按配方量称取,三维混合得中药粉;(2)将混合后的中药粉投入到提取罐中,加10倍量水煮8小时;(3)过滤除去药渣,所得滤液留置备用;(4)将药渣再次投入到提取罐中,加6倍量水煮4小时;(5)过滤除去药渣,所得液体与第一次提取液体合并;(6)60℃减压浓缩提取液至原体积20%,过滤除渣灌装,得成品。
实施例2
一种治疗螃蟹腐壳病的中药水剂,各原料的重量份数如下:大黄22份、熟石膏18份、制乳香22份、雄黄20份、黄芩18份制备而成。其制备方法是:(1)将中药粉碎至40目,按配方量称取,三维混合得中药粉;(2)将混合后的中药粉投入到提取罐中,加10倍量水煮8小时;(3)过滤除去药渣,所得滤液留置备用;(4)将药渣再次投入到提取罐中,加6倍量水煮4小时;(5)过滤除去药渣,所得液体与第一次提取液体合并;(6)60℃减压浓缩提取液至原体积20%,过滤除渣灌装,得成品。
实施例3
一种治疗螃蟹腐壳病的中药水剂,各原料的重量份数如下:大黄14份、熟石膏12份、制乳香30份、雄黄28份、黄芩16份制备而成。其制备方法是:(1)将中药粉碎至40目,按配方量称取,三维混合得中药粉;(2)将混合后的中药粉投入到提取罐中,加10倍量水煮8小时;(3)过滤除去药渣,所得滤液留置备用;(4)将药渣再次投入到提取罐中,加6倍量水煮4小时;(5)过滤除去药渣,所得液体与第一次提取液体合并;(6)60℃减压浓缩提取液至原体积20%,过滤除渣灌装,得成品。
临床试验
实验1
天津市宁河县七里海镇一养蟹塘,面积约20亩,于4月中旬投放一批蟹苗约700只/亩。6月初发现有零星死蟹,打捞发现死蟹步足各节及背甲、胸板出现白色斑点,并成黑色溃疡,其中一只的甲壳被侵袭成洞,直见肌肉。部分活蟹步足尖端破损,成黑色溃疡并腐烂。共打捞15只螃蟹,有2只死亡,6只发病,死亡率达13.33%,发病率40%。根据发病情况及临床症状,诊断为螃蟹腐壳病。随即用漂白粉全池泼洒消毒,使漂白粉的浓度达到1克/米3,每3天消毒一次。另外用本发明实施例1所制得的中药水剂进行治疗,按照1L中药水剂:3亩池塘的比例于喂食前在液体料台前高浓度泼洒进行药浴,一日2次,连续泼洒一周。用药3天后,不再打捞到死蟹。半月后,任意打捞出10只河蟹,观察其溃疡面均已愈合,病情得到有效控制。
实验1结果表明,使用本发明实施例1所制得的中药水剂,采取药浴的方法治疗螃蟹腐壳病起效快、疗效佳,适合临床推广使用。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实例,是说明性的而不是限定性的,可按照所限定的范围列举出若干个实施例,因此在不脱离本发明总体构思下的变化和修改,应属本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种治疗螃蟹腐壳病的中药组合物,其特征在于:由如下质量份数的原料制备而成:
大黄14-22份、熟石膏12-18份、制乳香22-30份、雄黄20-28份、黄芩14-18份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗螃蟹腐壳病的中药组合物,其特征在于:最佳原料的质量份数如下:
大黄20份、熟石膏16份、制乳香26份、雄黄24份、黄芩14份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种治疗螃蟹腐壳病的中药组合物,其特征在于:所述制剂可以是水剂。
4.一种制备如权利要求3所述的治疗螃蟹腐壳病的中药水剂的方法,其特征在于,制备方法是:(1)将中药粉碎至30-80目,按配方量称取,三维混合得中药粉;(2)将混合后的中药粉投入到提取罐中,加5-15倍量水煮2-12小时;(3)过滤除去药渣,所得滤液留置备用;(4)将药渣再次投入到提取罐中,加5-10倍量水煮2-10小时;(5)过滤除去药渣,所得液体与第一次提取液体合并;(6)30-100℃减压浓缩提取液至原体积10%-50%,过滤除渣灌装,得成品。
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