CN108059475A - 一种碳纳米管增强Cf/SiC复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种碳纳米管增强Cf/SiC复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108059475A
CN108059475A CN201711346668.1A CN201711346668A CN108059475A CN 108059475 A CN108059475 A CN 108059475A CN 201711346668 A CN201711346668 A CN 201711346668A CN 108059475 A CN108059475 A CN 108059475A
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陈照峰
廖家豪
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种碳纳米管增强Cf/SiC复合材料,由增强碳纤维,多璧碳纳米管,界面层和SiC基体组成;其特征在于多壁碳纳米管粘附在增强碳纤维上,界面层包覆在增强碳纤维和多壁碳纳米管表面,SiC基体填充在增强碳纤维围成的间隙中;所述的界面层为PyC或BN,厚度为0.3~3μm。本发明有效地解决了碳纳米管在碳纤维预制体内较难均匀分散的问题,可以充分发挥碳纳米管偏转裂纹,增韧补强的作用,有效提高复合材料的力学性能,与连续碳纤维增强的碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料相比,弯曲强度由256MPa提高到327MPa,提高了27.7%,压缩强度由351MPa提高到435MPa,提高了23.9%。

Description

一种碳纳米管增强Cf/SiC复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合材料及其制备方法,特别涉及一种碳纳米管增强Cf/SiC复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
Cf/SiC复合材料具有结构轻质、高比强高比模、耐高温、抗热震性好、低热膨胀系数以及抗氧化耐腐蚀等特点。Cf/SiC复合材料作为一种先进陶瓷基复合材料,已经被广泛的应用于发动机热段结构件、高速飞行器热防护系统等航空航天领域。随着这些高端领域对材料性能提出更高的要求,必须进一步提高Cf/SiC复合材料的力学性能。
碳纳米管(CNTs)具有优异的力学和功能性能,且具有长径比高、表面积大以及热稳定性好等优异特性,由于具有纳米级结构尺寸,碳纳米管可以诱导额外的断裂途径从而强化基体的局部韧性。将碳纳米管复合Cf/SiC复合材料中,既可以消除部分缺陷还可以达到纳米晶须增韧补强的作用,碳纳米管因自身特性可以在裂纹扩展时偏转裂纹并减缓裂纹的延伸,而且碳纳米管在受到外力作用被破坏时可以通过自身中空部位的塌陷而吸收大量的能量,从而进一步强韧化Cf/SiC复合材料,大大提高其力学性能。这对于Cf/SiC复合材料在航空航天等高端领域的应用具有十分重要的意义。
授权公告号CN104150939B的中国专利公开了一种电泳沉积CNTs增强陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法,电泳沉积法结合化学气相渗透工艺,使CNTs均匀的引入到连续纤维预制体中,能充分发挥CNTs的使裂纹偏转、拔出和桥接作用,有效提高复合材料的强韧性。但是该方法是先在碳纤维上制备热解碳界面,再沉积CNTs,这使得在制备SiC基体时CNTs遭到损伤和破坏,且CNTs对碳纤维布层间没有进行有效地强韧化,使得材料最终的性能存在明显的各向异性,且性能不稳定。
授权公告号CN104086203B的中国专利公开了一种晶须和纤维协同强化陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法,用于解决现有Cf/SiC复合材料制备方法制备的材料抗弯强度差的技术问题。技术方案是首先采用球磨法将预处理好的晶须均匀分散,然后采用浆料涂刷法将晶须均匀地涂刷到每一层碳纤维布上,自然干燥并叠层,再用碳纤维将叠层穿刺缝合在一起制备成晶须纤维预制体,采用化学气相渗透法在晶须纤维预制体上沉积热解碳界面层,最后沉积SiC基体进行致密化。该方法通过引入的晶须在铺层方向上均匀地分布,利用二元协同增强作用,提高了Cf/SiC复合材料的强韧性。但是,该方法将晶须配制成浆料,不能保证晶须均匀的分布在纤维布上,导致复合材料性能不均匀和稳定性差,且采用CVI法制备SiC基体,制备时间长,易使晶须遭受损伤,从而进一步降低材料性能。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提出一种碳纳米管增强Cf/SiC复合材料及其制备方法,充分发挥碳纳米管强韧化Cf/SiC复合材料的优势,拓宽了Cf/SiC复合材料的应用领域。
一种碳纳米管增强Cf/SiC复合材料,由增强碳纤维,多璧碳纳米管,界面层和SiC基体组成,其特征在于多壁碳纳米管粘附在增强碳纤维上,界面层包覆在增强碳纤维和多壁碳纳米管表面,SiC基体填充在增强碳纤维围成的间隙中;所述的界面层为PyC或BN,厚度为0.3~3μm。
一种碳纳米管增强Cf/SiC复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括下述顺序的步骤:
(1)将醇解度为87~89%的聚乙烯醇用无水乙醇浸泡10~12h,浸泡好后过滤烘干;
(2)以去离子水为溶剂,按质量分数比4~10∶100(聚乙烯醇∶去离子水)将步骤(1)中烘干好的聚乙烯醇加入到去离子水中,磁力搅拌并水浴加热80~90℃,保温时间1~3h,得到制备好的聚乙烯醇溶液;
(3)将碳纤维布浸渍到步骤(2)制备好的聚乙烯醇溶液中;
(4)将步骤(3)中浸渍好的碳纤维布铺在石墨模具中,将多壁碳纳米管均匀喷撒在碳纤维布上,每铺一层碳纤维布,均匀喷撒多壁碳纳米管,铺7~20层碳纤维布,将碳纤维布压紧干燥,采用针刺方法将干燥后的碳纤维布制成粘附多壁碳纳米管的碳纤维预制体;
(5)采用化学气相渗透法在步骤(4)制备好的碳纤维预制体上沉积界面层;
(6)以含乙烯基液态聚碳硅烷为陶瓷先驱体,通过先驱体浸渍裂解法在步骤(5)制备好界面层的碳纤维预制体中制备SiC基体,裂解温度1100~1300℃,得到碳纳米管增强Cf/SiC复合材料。
本发明有益效果:(1)有效地解决了碳纳米管在碳纤维预制体内较难均匀分散的问题,充分发挥了碳纳米管对复合材料强韧化的优势;(2)通过化学气相渗透法在碳纳米管和纤维表面制备界面层,既保护了碳纳米管,又改善了基体和纤维的结合界面;(3)提高了Cf/SiC复合材料的力学性能,拓宽了其应用领域。
实施例
一种碳纳米管增强Cf/SiC复合材料,由增强碳纤维,多璧碳纳米管,界面层和SiC基体组成,其特征在于多壁碳纳米管粘附在增强碳纤维上,界面层包覆在增强碳纤维和多壁碳纳米管表面,SiC基体填充在增强碳纤维围成的间隙中;所述的界面层为PyC或BN,厚度为0.3~3μm。
一种碳纳米管增强Cf/SiC复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括下述顺序的步骤:
(1)将醇解度为88%的聚乙烯醇用无水乙醇浸泡12h,浸泡好后过滤烘干;
(2)以去离子水为溶剂,按质量分数比5∶100(聚乙烯醇∶去离子水)将步骤(1)中烘干好的聚乙烯醇加入到去离子水中,磁力搅拌并水浴加热85℃,保温时间1h,得到制备好的聚乙烯醇溶液;
(3)将碳纤维布浸渍到步骤(2)制备好的聚乙烯醇溶液中;
(4)将步骤(3)中浸渍好的碳纤维布铺在石墨模具中,将多壁碳纳米管均匀喷撒在碳纤维布上,每铺一层碳纤维布,均匀喷撒多壁碳纳米管,铺15层碳纤维布,将碳纤维布压紧干燥,采用针刺方法将干燥后的碳纤维布制成粘附多壁碳纳米管的碳纤维预制体;
(5)采用化学气相渗透法在步骤(4)制备好的碳纤维预制体上沉积PyC界面层;
(6)以含乙烯基液态聚碳硅烷为陶瓷先驱体,通过先驱体浸渍裂解法在步骤(5)制备好界面层的碳纤维预制体中制备SiC基体,裂解温度1200℃,得到碳纳米管增强Cf/SiC复合材料。
本实施例所制备的碳纳米管增强Cf/SiC复合材料,与连续碳纤维增强的碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料相比,弯曲强度由256MPa提高到327MPa,提高了27.7%,压缩强度由351MPa提高到435MPa,提高了23.9%。
上述仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此,凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动,均应属于侵犯本发明保护的范围的行为。但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何形式的简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (2)

1.一种碳纳米管增强Cf/SiC复合材料,由增强碳纤维,多璧碳纳米管,界面层和SiC基体组成,其特征在于多壁碳纳米管粘附在增强碳纤维上,界面层包覆在增强碳纤维和多壁碳纳米管表面,SiC基体填充在增强碳纤维围成的间隙中;所述的界面层为PyC或BN,厚度为0.3~3μm。
2.一种碳纳米管增强Cf/SiC复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括下述顺序的步骤:
(1)将醇解度为87~89%的聚乙烯醇用无水乙醇浸泡10~12h,浸泡好后过滤烘干;
(2)以去离子水为溶剂,按质量分数比4~10∶100(聚乙烯醇∶去离子水)将步骤(1)中烘干好的聚乙烯醇加入到去离子水中,磁力搅拌并水浴加热80~90℃,保温时间1~3h,得到制备好的聚乙烯醇溶液;
(3)将碳纤维布浸渍到步骤(2)制备好的聚乙烯醇溶液中;
(4)将步骤(3)中浸渍好的碳纤维布铺在石墨模具中,将多壁碳纳米管均匀喷撒在碳纤维布上,每铺一层碳纤维布,均匀喷撒多壁碳纳米管,铺7~20层碳纤维布,将碳纤维布压紧干燥,采用针刺方法将干燥后的碳纤维布制成粘附多壁碳纳米管的碳纤维预制体;
(5)采用化学气相渗透法在步骤(4)制备好的碳纤维预制体上沉积界面层;
(6)以含乙烯基液态聚碳硅烷为陶瓷先驱体,通过先驱体浸渍裂解法在步骤(5)制备好界面层的碳纤维预制体中制备SiC基体,裂解温度1100~1300℃,得到碳纳米管增强Cf/SiC复合材料。
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CN108754357A (zh) * 2018-05-29 2018-11-06 苏州宏久航空防热材料科技有限公司 一种SiC纳米线增强铝碳化硅复合材料及其制备方法
CN108976980A (zh) * 2018-05-29 2018-12-11 苏州宏久航空防热材料科技有限公司 一种Cf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料表面树脂强化涂层及其制备方法
CN112876257A (zh) * 2021-01-27 2021-06-01 中国核动力研究设计院 一种SiCf/SiC复合材料两层复合包壳管及其制备方法
CN114804819A (zh) * 2022-06-14 2022-07-29 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司 一种耐高温气凝胶复合材料的制备方法及其复合材料
CN114956830A (zh) * 2022-05-20 2022-08-30 西北工业大学 氮化硼包覆碳纳米管增强的聚合物转化陶瓷基吸波材料及制备方法

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