CN108048651B - 一种综合回收复杂高银矿的方法 - Google Patents
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical group [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940083025 silver preparation Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009491 slugging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
- C22B3/08—Sulfuric acid, other sulfurated acids or salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/02—Preparation of sulfur; Purification
- C01B17/06—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from non-gaseous sulfides or materials containing such sulfides, e.g. ores
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/02—Obtaining noble metals by dry processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/20—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling
- C22B19/22—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling with leaching with acids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
本发明目的在于提供一种综合回收复杂高银矿的方法,高银矿通过氧压酸浸使锌进入溶液中,金、银、铅等富集在渣中,溶液用纯碱沉淀后为碳酸锌可直接外售,渣通过低温蒸馏可使得其中的硫蒸馏出来进行回收,蒸馏后渣通过还原熔炼、氧化精炼回收金、银。本发明适用从富含金、锌、铅的高银矿中综合回收其中的金、银、锌、铅等有价金属,其中金属金、银、锌、铅直收率分别达到98%、97%、95%、96%以上。直收率高且分离彻底,更加利于冶炼系统贵重金属特别是金、银的迅速回收。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种综合回收复杂高银矿的方法,属有色金属二级资源回收领域。
技术背景
某公司进口大量的玻利维亚高银矿是银精矿富集产物或者部分有色金属冶炼过程中的中间产物,此类高银矿含金、银、锌、铅、硫,物料复杂又因富含银较高,如果采用传统冶炼方法,因工艺流程过长、回收时间长导致贵重金属特别是金、银的直收率大大降低。因此采用快速综合回收复杂高银矿中的贵重金属特别是金、银,对于贵重金属的快速提纯变成产品,并降低公司的资金积压具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种综合回收复杂高银矿的方法,高银矿通过氧压酸浸使锌进入溶液中,金、银、铅等富集在渣中,溶液用纯碱沉淀后为碳酸锌可直接外售,渣通过低温蒸馏可使得其中的硫蒸馏出来进行回收,蒸馏后渣通过还原熔炼、氧化精炼回收金、银。本发明适用从富含金、锌、铅的高银矿中综合回收其中的金、银、锌、铅等有价金属,其中金属金、银、锌、铅直收率分别达到98%、97%、95%、96%以上。直收率高且分离彻底,更加利于冶炼系统贵重金属特别是金、银的迅速回收。
一种综合回收复杂高银矿的方法,以含金0.01%-5%,含银1%-30%,含锌5%-30%,含铅6%-50%,含硫5%-30%的复杂高银矿,经过加氧压酸性选择性浸出锌;从浸出渣中低温蒸馏回收硫,蒸馏后富集渣经过转炉还原熔炼成贵铅,贵铅再转炉氧化精炼后逐步回收得到氧化渣、银锭、黄金;浸出液经沉锌、水处理、返回加压浸出配液;
工艺技术条件如下:
1)加压浸出条件:球磨至粒度100-300目,液固比为4-8:1,硫酸浓度为2-5mol/L,温度为140-170℃,转速为400-800r/min,压力为0.5-2.0 MPa,反应时间2-5h;
2)蒸馏条件:严格控制温度200-500℃,蒸馏时间3-8h;
3)转炉还原熔炼条件:熔化温度为1100-1200℃;沉淀时间为2-6h;炉时为18-22h;放渣温度为1100-1200℃;贵铅出炉温度为800-850℃;
4)转炉氧化精炼条件:跑烟温度为900-950℃;氧化渣造渣温度为1000-1100℃,总时长为40~60h;造渣条件为:主品位Ag+Au≥85%,温度为1050-1100℃,时间为2-3h/次;加入造渣添加剂,分2-5次进行;清合金温度为1200-1300℃,时间18~22h;出炉温度为1200-1300℃,时间为2h。
进一步地,所述的复杂高银矿有较强的生产适应性。
进一步地,所述的加压浸出时,在反应过程中通入纯氧以提高锌的浸出率。
进一步地,所述转炉氧化精炼加入的造渣添加剂为纯碱和硝酸钾,并且每吨银金属量加入纯碱50-200k。
本发明有以下优点:
1.本发明适用从高银矿中综合回收金、银、锌、铅,直收率分别达到98%、97%、95%、96%以上,工艺简单特别是回收金、银较常规流程耗时短,解决了企业由于旧的工艺生产周期过长而造成资金积压的问题;
2.以含金0.01%-5%,含银1%-30%,含锌5%-30%,含铅6%-50%,含硫5%-30%的复杂高银矿为原料,有较强的生产适应性;
3.生产工艺创新,特别是加压酸浸选择性浸出其中的锌,低温蒸馏选择性蒸馏出其中的硫;
4.生产无环境污染,水系统循环使用,无固体废弃物,部分中间渣料可返回银冶炼系统回收其中的铅、金、银等有价金属。
附图说明
图1是本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的工艺实施方式,详细的说明了工艺走向。
一种综合回收复杂高银矿的工艺过程如下:
1)加压浸出条件:球磨至粒度100-300目,液固比为4-8:1,硫酸浓度为2-5mol/L,温度为140-170℃,转速为400-800r/min,压力为0.5-2.0 MPa,反应时间2-5h;
2)蒸馏条件:严格控制温度200-500℃,蒸馏时间3-8h;
3)转炉还原熔炼条件:熔化温度为1100-1200℃;沉淀时间为2-6h;炉时为18-22h;放渣温度为1100-1200℃;贵铅出炉温度为800-850℃;
4)转炉氧化精炼条件:跑烟温度为900-950℃;氧化造渣温度为1000-1100℃,总时长为40~60h;造渣条件为:主品位Ag+Au≥85%,温度为1050-1100℃,时间为2-3h/次;加入造渣添加剂,分2-5次进行;清合金温度为1200-1300℃,时间18~22h;出炉温度为1200-1300℃,时间为2h。
复杂高银矿物料成分(已充分破碎并球磨):金:0.3%,银:10.09%,锌:15.72%,铅:8.64%,硫:12.01%,粒度:160目。
此物料实施方式采用生产流程如图1,取1000g物料在硫酸浓度为2.5mol/L,在10L实验室用的耐酸反应釜中进行试验,液固比6:1,温度在150℃,转速为600r/min,压力为1.2MPa,反应时间3h,反应完成后冷却泄压并过滤,在反应液缓慢加入150g纯碱,温度70℃,反应2小时,过滤得到碳酸锌。取上述酸性浸出渣在温度为300℃的条件下真空蒸馏3小时,蒸馏气体冷凝回收得到硫精矿,蒸馏后渣经过转炉还原熔炼得到贵铅,转炉氧化精炼得到粗银,粗银电解精炼得到银粉与银阳极泥,银阳极泥回收得到黄金。其元素成分及直收率如下表1(渣样都为干重)。
表1
Claims (4)
1.一种综合回收复杂高银矿的方法,其特征在于:以含金0.01%-5%,含银1%-30%,含锌5%-30%,含铅6%-50%,含硫5%-30%的复杂高银矿,经过加氧压酸性选择性浸出锌;从浸出渣中低温蒸馏回收硫,蒸馏后富集渣经过转炉还原熔炼成贵铅,贵铅再转炉氧化精炼后逐步回收得到氧化渣、银锭、黄金;浸出液经沉锌、水处理、返回加压浸出配液;
工艺技术条件如下:
1)加压浸出条件:球磨至粒度100-300目,液固比为4-8:1,硫酸浓度为2-5mol/L,温度为140-170℃,转速为400-800r/min,加氧压力为0.5-2.0 MPa,反应时间2-5h;
2)蒸馏条件:严格控制温度200-500℃,蒸馏时间3-8h;
3)转炉还原熔炼条件:熔化温度为1100-1200℃;沉淀时间为2-6h;炉时为18-22h;放渣温度为1100-1200℃;贵铅出炉温度为800-850℃;
4)转炉氧化精炼条件:跑烟温度为900-950℃;氧化渣造渣温度为1000-1100℃,总时长为40~60h;造渣条件为:主品位Ag+Au≥85%,温度为1050-1100℃,时间为2-3h/次;加入造渣添加剂,分2-5次进行;清合金温度为1200-1300℃,时间18~22h;出炉温度为1200-1300℃,时间为2h。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种综合回收复杂高银矿的方法,其特征在于:所述的复杂高银矿有较强的生产适应性。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种综合回收复杂高银矿的方法,其特征在于:所述的加压浸出时,在反应过程中通入纯氧以提高锌的浸出率。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种综合回收复杂高银矿的方法,其特征在于:所述转炉氧化精炼加入的造渣添加剂为纯碱和硝酸钾,并且每吨银金属量加入纯碱50-200kg、硝酸钾量10-40kg。
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