CN108040926A - 一种小池塘快速高效黑鱼繁殖方法 - Google Patents
一种小池塘快速高效黑鱼繁殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种小池塘快速高效黑鱼繁殖方法，涉及黑鱼繁殖技术领域，包括以下步骤：(1)池塘选择：选取合适的地方建造池塘，面积为20‑50m2，池深为1.4‑1.6m；(2)隔离设施：池塘四周用网片加高1‑2m，并用稻草泥坯填充网片；(3)鱼巢准备：用新鲜水葫芦、水花生或马来眼子菜做成鱼巢；(4)亲鱼选择与放养：4月中上旬投放亲鱼，雌雄比为1:1，放养到池塘中；(5)饲养管理：投放后的前3天，喂养小杂鱼，3天后，在小杂鱼中掺杂营养剂，喂养15天，开始产卵；(6)水位与水温控制：投放初期控制水位在30cm，水温12‑15℃，5月初将水位升高到50cm，水温控制在18‑20℃；本发明方法有利于实现繁殖快速、高效、高密度，提高受精率和孵化率。
Description
技术领域：
本发明涉及黑鱼繁殖技术领域，具体涉及一种小池塘快速高效黑鱼繁殖方法。
背景技术：
黑鱼在中国是一种常见的食用鱼，个体大、生长快、经济价值高。黑鱼骨刺少，含肉率高，而且营养丰富，比鸡肉、牛肉所含的蛋白质高。黑鱼作为药用具有去瘀生新，滋补调养等功效，外科手术后，食用黑鱼具有生肌补血，促进伤口愈合的作用，具有非常丰富的营养价值。
黑鱼作为经济价值较高的淡水名贵鱼类，有“鱼中珍品”之称，其营养十分丰富，肉质含有大量蛋白，据测定，100g黑鱼中含蛋白质19.8g，脂肪1.4g，灰分1.2g，钙57mg，磷163mg，铁0.5mg，水分77.9mg，热量383.5千焦，其中，蛋白质中含有丰富的氨基酸，鲜味氨基酸含量占氨基酸总量的47.36％，必需脂肪酸的含量占脂肪酸总含量的16％左右，因此，黑鱼是一种营养全面、肉味鲜美的高级保健食品。
由于自然界大量捕捞，野生黑鱼已很难捕到，人工养殖规模受到苗种供应量、天然饵料和病害的制约难以扩大，目前的黑鱼繁殖采用大面积池塘，繁殖率低，繁殖周期长，鱼卵不能及时进行培育，造成生产效率低，苗种成活率低。
发明内容：
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种小池塘快速高效黑鱼繁殖方法，创新小体积、高密度、无公害的高效养殖技术，提高产品品质，开拓销售市场，增加经济效益。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下的技术方案来实现：
一种小池塘快速高效黑鱼繁殖方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)池塘选择：选取水源方便、水质清新无污染、东西走向、环境安静的地方建造池塘，池塘面积为20-50m2，池深为1.4-1.6m，淤泥厚度不超过10cm；
(2)隔离设施：池塘四周用网片加高1-2m，并用稻草泥坯填充网片；
(3)鱼巢准备：用新鲜水葫芦、水花生或马来眼子菜做成鱼巢；
(4)亲鱼选择与放养：4月中上旬选取2龄以上、体重在1.3-1.7kg的个体大、体质健壮的亲鱼，雌雄比为1:1，放养到池塘中；
(5)饲养管理：投放后的前3天，在鱼巢附近喂养小杂鱼，每日投喂2次，日投喂量为黑鱼体重的5-8％，3天后，在小杂鱼中掺杂营养剂，掺杂比例为25-35％，喂养15天，开始产卵，进入鱼苗培育阶段，产卵后将亲鱼转移到其它小池塘再次产卵；
(6)水位与水温控制：投放初期控制水位在30cm，水温12-15℃，5月初将水位升高到50cm，水温控制在18-20℃。
优选的，所述步骤(3)鱼巢的做法为：(1)将新鲜水葫芦、水花生或马来眼子菜用清水冲洗干净，放入2-2.3％浓度、22-25℃的盐水中浸泡20min；(2)将步骤(1)盐水浸泡后的新鲜水葫芦、水花生或马来眼子菜用清水洗净，放入杀菌液中超声浸泡10min；(3)将步骤(2)处理后的新鲜水葫芦、水花生或马来眼子菜用清水清洗干净，用细线将底部根部捆扎起来，上端散开成伞状，在细线捆扎处放置少许蛙肉，并用细线捆绑在根部，投放到池塘中供黑鱼产卵。
优选的，所述杀菌液由以下重量份的原料组成：高锰酸钾0.6-0.8份、次氯酸钠1.3-1.5份、春雷霉素3-5份、雷公藤50-60份、苯甲酸钠7-10份、柠檬汁300-500份、水100-200份；其制备方法为：将雷公藤放在-5℃下冷冻3h，再放入70-80℃水中迅速解冻，降低到室温，将雷公藤压榨，取汁液和柠檬汁混合均匀，向混合溶液中加入水、春雷霉素、高锰酸钾、次氯酸钠和苯甲酸钠混合均匀，制得杀菌液。
优选的，所述营养剂由以下重量份的原料组成：小麦粉50-60份、牛奶30-40份、鱼粉20-25份、米酒糟15-25份、油菜籽12-15份、豆粕25-35份、田螺20-25份、青鱼15-25份、大豆磷脂油15-30份、黑麦草10-20份、水35-50份；其制备方法为：(1)将田螺去壳，和青鱼混合搅碎，加入豆粕和水，加热煮沸40min，冷却，研磨成细浆；(2)将小麦粉、鱼粉混合均匀，加入牛奶中活成面团，向面团中加入大豆磷脂油，混合均匀，静置20min，加入米酒糟混合均匀，再次静置30min；(3)将油菜籽和黑麦草混合搅碎，和步骤(1)、(2)制备的物料混合均匀，干燥，造粒，粉碎，制得所述营养剂。
本发明提供了一种小池塘快速高效黑鱼繁殖方法，其有益效果为：
(1)将大面积池塘改成小面积池塘，亲鱼繁殖后立刻转移到其它小池塘继续繁殖，原有小池塘作为培育育苗的池塘，实现繁殖快速、高效、高密度，增加经济效益；
(2)鱼巢制作中添加诱饵，增加黑鱼的产卵集中度，提高了受精率和孵化率；
(3)喂养过程中在食物中添加营养剂能加快黑鱼的产卵速度、延长产卵时间，使得黑鱼在整个产卵期能在多个小池塘产卵，最终获得更多的鱼苗。
具体实施方式：
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1：
一种小池塘快速高效黑鱼繁殖方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)池塘选择：选取水源方便、水质清新无污染、东西走向、环境安静的地方建造池塘，池塘面积为20m2，池深为1.5m，淤泥厚度不超过10cm；
(2)隔离设施：池塘四周用网片加高1m，并用稻草泥坯填充网片；
(3)鱼巢准备：用新鲜水葫芦做成鱼巢；
(4)亲鱼选择与放养：4月中上旬选取2龄以上、体重在1.3-1.7kg的个体大、体质健壮的亲鱼，雌雄比为1:1，放养到池塘中；
(5)饲养管理：投放后的前3天，在鱼巢附近喂养小杂鱼，每日投喂2次，日投喂量为黑鱼体重的5％，3天后，在小杂鱼中掺杂营养剂，掺杂比例为30％，喂养15天，开始产卵，进入鱼苗培育阶段，产卵后将亲鱼转移到其它小池塘再次产卵；
(6)水位与水温控制：投放初期控制水位在30cm，水温12℃，5月初将水位升高到50cm，水温控制在19℃。
所述步骤(3)鱼巢的做法为：(1)将新鲜水葫芦用清水冲洗干净，放入2.1％浓度、22℃的盐水中浸泡20min；(2)将步骤(1)盐水浸泡后的新鲜水葫芦用清水洗净，放入杀菌液中超声浸泡10min；(3)将步骤(2)处理后的新鲜水葫芦用清水清洗干净，用细线将底部根部捆扎起来，上端散开成伞状，在细线捆扎处放置少许蛙肉，并用细线捆绑在根部，投放到池塘中供黑鱼产卵。
所述杀菌液由以下重量份的原料组成：高锰酸钾0.7份、次氯酸钠1.3份、春雷霉素5份、雷公藤55份、苯甲酸钠8份、柠檬汁300份、水150份；其制备方法为：将雷公藤放在-5℃下冷冻3h，再放入70℃水中迅速解冻，降低到室温，将雷公藤压榨，取汁液和柠檬汁混合均匀，向混合溶液中加入水、春雷霉素、高锰酸钾、次氯酸钠和苯甲酸钠混合均匀，制得杀菌液。
所述营养剂由以下重量份的原料组成：小麦粉55份、牛奶30份、鱼粉20份、米酒糟20份、油菜籽12份、豆粕35份、田螺22份、青鱼20份、大豆磷脂油20份、黑麦草20份、水35份；其制备方法为：(1)将田螺去壳，和青鱼混合搅碎，加入豆粕和水，加热煮沸40min，冷却，研磨成细浆；(2)将小麦粉、鱼粉混合均匀，加入牛奶中活成面团，向面团中加入大豆磷脂油，混合均匀，静置20min，加入米酒糟混合均匀，再次静置30min；(3)将油菜籽和黑麦草混合搅碎，和步骤(1)、(2)制备的物料混合均匀，干燥，造粒，粉碎，制得所述营养剂。
实施例2：
一种小池塘快速高效黑鱼繁殖方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)池塘选择：选取水源方便、水质清新无污染、东西走向、环境安静的地方建造池塘，池塘面积为30m2，池深为1.6m，淤泥厚度不超过10cm；
(2)隔离设施：池塘四周用网片加高2m，并用稻草泥坯填充网片；
(3)鱼巢准备：用新鲜水花生做成鱼巢；
(4)亲鱼选择与放养：4月中上旬选取2龄以上、体重在1.3-1.7kg的个体大、体质健壮的亲鱼，雌雄比为1:1，放养到池塘中；
(5)饲养管理：投放后的前3天，在鱼巢附近喂养小杂鱼，每日投喂2次，日投喂量为黑鱼体重的6％，3天后，在小杂鱼中掺杂营养剂，掺杂比例为35％，喂养15天，开始产卵，进入鱼苗培育阶段，产卵后将亲鱼转移到其它小池塘再次产卵；
(6)水位与水温控制：投放初期控制水位在30cm，水温15℃，5月初将水位升高到50cm，水温控制在20℃。
所述步骤(3)鱼巢的做法为：(1)将新鲜水花生用清水冲洗干净，放入2.3％浓度、23℃的盐水中浸泡20min；(2)将步骤(1)盐水浸泡后的新鲜水花生用清水洗净，放入杀菌液中超声浸泡10min；(3)将步骤(2)处理后的新鲜水花生用清水清洗干净，用细线将底部根部捆扎起来，上端散开成伞状，在细线捆扎处放置少许蛙肉，并用细线捆绑在根部，投放到池塘中供黑鱼产卵。
所述杀菌液由以下重量份的原料组成：高锰酸钾0.8份、次氯酸钠1.4份、春雷霉素4份、雷公藤50份、苯甲酸钠10份、柠檬汁400份、水200份；其制备方法为：将雷公藤放在-5℃下冷冻3h，再放入80℃水中迅速解冻，降低到室温，将雷公藤压榨，取汁液和柠檬汁混合均匀，向混合溶液中加入水、春雷霉素、高锰酸钾、次氯酸钠和苯甲酸钠混合均匀，制得杀菌液。
所述营养剂由以下重量份的原料组成：小麦粉60份、牛奶40份、鱼粉25份、米酒糟25份、油菜籽15份、豆粕30份、田螺20份、青鱼25份、大豆磷脂油15份、黑麦草15份、水45份；其制备方法为：(1)将田螺去壳，和青鱼混合搅碎，加入豆粕和水，加热煮沸40min，冷却，研磨成细浆；(2)将小麦粉、鱼粉混合均匀，加入牛奶中活成面团，向面团中加入大豆磷脂油，混合均匀，静置20min，加入米酒糟混合均匀，再次静置30min；(3)将油菜籽和黑麦草混合搅碎，和步骤(1)、(2)制备的物料混合均匀，干燥，造粒，粉碎，制得所述营养剂。
实施例3：
一种小池塘快速高效黑鱼繁殖方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)池塘选择：选取水源方便、水质清新无污染、东西走向、环境安静的地方建造池塘，池塘面积为50m2，池深为1.4m，淤泥厚度不超过10cm；
(2)隔离设施：池塘四周用网片加高1.5m，并用稻草泥坯填充网片；
(3)鱼巢准备：用新鲜马来眼子菜做成鱼巢；
(4)亲鱼选择与放养：4月中上旬选取2龄以上、体重在1.3-1.7kg的个体大、体质健壮的亲鱼，雌雄比为1:1，放养到池塘中；
(5)饲养管理：投放后的前3天，在鱼巢附近喂养小杂鱼，每日投喂2次，日投喂量为黑鱼体重的8％，3天后，在小杂鱼中掺杂营养剂，掺杂比例为25％，喂养15天，开始产卵，进入鱼苗培育阶段，产卵后将亲鱼转移到其它小池塘再次产卵；
(6)水位与水温控制：投放初期控制水位在30cm，水温13℃，5月初将水位升高到50cm，水温控制在18℃。
所述步骤(3)鱼巢的做法为：(1)将新鲜马来眼子菜用清水冲洗干净，放入2％浓度、25℃的盐水中浸泡20min；(2)将步骤(1)盐水浸泡后的新鲜马来眼子菜用清水洗净，放入杀菌液中超声浸泡10min；(3)将步骤(2)处理后的新鲜马来眼子菜用清水清洗干净，用细线将底部根部捆扎起来，上端散开成伞状，在细线捆扎处放置少许蛙肉，并用细线捆绑在根部，投放到池塘中供黑鱼产卵。
所述杀菌液由以下重量份的原料组成：高锰酸钾0.6份、次氯酸钠1.5份、春雷霉素3份、雷公藤60份、苯甲酸钠7份、柠檬汁500份、水100份；其制备方法为：将雷公藤放在-5℃下冷冻3h，再放入75℃水中迅速解冻，降低到室温，将雷公藤压榨，取汁液和柠檬汁混合均匀，向混合溶液中加入水、春雷霉素、高锰酸钾、次氯酸钠和苯甲酸钠混合均匀，制得杀菌液。
所述营养剂由以下重量份的原料组成：小麦粉50份、牛奶35份、鱼粉22份、米酒糟15份、油菜籽13份、豆粕25份、田螺25份、青鱼15份、大豆磷脂油30份、黑麦草10份、水50份；其制备方法为：(1)将田螺去壳，和青鱼混合搅碎，加入豆粕和水，加热煮沸40min，冷却，研磨成细浆；(2)将小麦粉、鱼粉混合均匀，加入牛奶中活成面团，向面团中加入大豆磷脂油，混合均匀，静置20min，加入米酒糟混合均匀，再次静置30min；(3)将油菜籽和黑麦草混合搅碎，和步骤(1)、(2)制备的物料混合均匀，干燥，造粒，粉碎，制得所述营养剂。
对比例：
选取专利CN201610189184.X公开的一种黑鱼繁殖方法作为对比例，包括以下步骤：
一种黑鱼繁殖方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)选择带有芦苇丝、近水避风的浅水区，作为产卵场，
(2)从黑鱼养殖池中选择年龄二冬龄以上性成熟的黑鱼，作为产卵黑鱼，
(3)将上述产卵黑鱼放养与上述(1)产卵场中，
(4)对上述产卵黑鱼进行催卵，
(5)待上述黑鱼产卵、卵化，培育出优质黑鱼苗。
另外，所述产卵场水深控制在30-100厘米、温度控制在20-25摄氏度。
另外，所述性成熟的黑鱼分为雌雄黑鱼和雄性黑鱼，放养比例为1：1。
另外，所述产卵水问控制在20-23摄氏度，产卵要持续15-20小时，产卵期间应保持周围安静，避免排卵中途因扰停排。
另外，所述卵化把卵捞出置于塑料盆内，放在室内静水孵化，每升水放受精卵500-800粒，早晚换水一次，2-3天孵出鱼苗，孵化速度快、成活率高。
对以上各实施例及对比例繁殖方法进行效果检测，结果如下：
| 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例 | |
| 受精率(％) | 87 | 88 | 87 | 73 |
| 孵化率(％) | 90 | 91 | 91 | 75 |
由以上表格可知，本发明所述繁殖方法能够有更高的受精率和孵化率，因此，将大池塘繁殖改成小池塘繁殖，产卵后将亲鱼转移到其它小池塘，使产卵和孵化不在同一池塘进行，鱼巢中添加诱饵，有利于实现繁殖快速、高效、高密度，提高受精率和孵化率。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (4)
1.一种小池塘快速高效黑鱼繁殖方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
(1)池塘选择：选取水源方便、水质清新无污染、东西走向、环境安静的地方建造池塘，池塘面积为20-50m2，池深为1.4-1.6m，淤泥厚度不超过10cm；
(2)隔离设施：池塘四周用网片加高1-2m，并用稻草泥坯填充网片；
(3)鱼巢准备：用新鲜水葫芦、水花生或马来眼子菜做成鱼巢；
(4)亲鱼选择与放养：4月中上旬选取2龄以上、体重在1.3-1.7kg的个体大、体质健壮的亲鱼，雌雄比为1:1，放养到池塘中；
(5)饲养管理：投放后的前3天，在鱼巢附近喂养小杂鱼，每日投喂2次，日投喂量为黑鱼体重的5-8％，3天后，在小杂鱼中掺杂营养剂，掺杂比例为25-35％，喂养15天，开始产卵，进入鱼苗培育阶段，产卵后将亲鱼转移到其它小池塘再次产卵；
(6)水位与水温控制：投放初期控制水位在30cm，水温12-15℃，5月初将水位升高到50cm，水温控制在18-20℃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的小池塘快速高效黑鱼繁殖方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)鱼巢的做法为：(1)将新鲜水葫芦、水花生或马来眼子菜用清水冲洗干净，放入2-2.3％浓度、22-25℃的盐水中浸泡20min；(2)将步骤(1)盐水浸泡后的新鲜水葫芦、水花生或马来眼子菜用清水洗净，放入杀菌液中超声浸泡10min；(3)将步骤(2)处理后的新鲜水葫芦、水花生或马来眼子菜用清水清洗干净，用细线将底部根部捆扎起来，上端散开成伞状，在细线捆扎处放置少许蛙肉，并用细线捆绑在根部，投放到池塘中供黑鱼产卵。
3.根据权利要求2所述的小池塘快速高效黑鱼繁殖方法，其特征在于：所述杀菌液由以下重量份的原料组成：高锰酸钾0.6-0.8份、次氯酸钠1.3-1.5份、春雷霉素3-5份、雷公藤50-60份、苯甲酸钠7-10份、柠檬汁300-500份、水100-200份；其制备方法为：将雷公藤放在-5℃下冷冻3h，再放入70-80℃水中迅速解冻，降低到室温，将雷公藤压榨，取汁液和柠檬汁混合均匀，向混合溶液中加入水、春雷霉素、高锰酸钾、次氯酸钠和苯甲酸钠混合均匀，制得杀菌液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的小池塘快速高效黑鱼繁殖方法，其特征在于：所述营养剂由以下重量份的原料组成：小麦粉50-60份、牛奶30-40份、鱼粉20-25份、米酒糟15-25份、油菜籽12-15份、豆粕25-35份、田螺20-25份、青鱼15-25份、大豆磷脂油15-30份、黑麦草10-20份、水35-50份；其制备方法为：(1)将田螺去壳，和青鱼混合搅碎，加入豆粕和水，加热煮沸40min，冷却，研磨成细浆；(2)将小麦粉、鱼粉混合均匀，加入牛奶中活成面团，向面团中加入大豆磷脂油，混合均匀，静置20min，加入米酒糟混合均匀，再次静置30min；(3)将油菜籽和黑麦草混合搅碎，和步骤(1)、(2)制备的物料混合均匀，干燥，造粒，粉碎，制得所述营养剂。
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