CN108029605A - 提高青蟹体重的养殖方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于水产养殖技术领域,特别涉及一种提高青蟹体重的养殖方法,包括以下制备步骤:取常规青蟹专用饲料粉碎至200‑300目,再与中药添加剂混合均匀,造粒,按照常规的方法进行投喂青蟹即可;所述的中药添加剂的量为常规青蟹专用饲料重量的0.3‑1.2%;所述的中药添加剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:枳椇子22‑38份,地桃花10‑28份,刺苋菜5‑17份。本发明方法中,只需要向常规青蟹专用饲料加入由枳椇子,地桃花,刺苋菜制成的中药添加剂,协同作用能够提高青蟹的体重,提高经济效益,且枳椇子,地桃花,刺苋菜性味均为甘淡,不会影响饲料的适口性,且天然绿色,安全。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖技术领域,特别涉及一种提高青蟹体重的养殖方法。
背景技术
青蟹属(Scylla)隶属于甲壳纲(Crustacea)、十足目(Decapoda)、短尾亚目(Brachyura)、梭子蟹科(Portunidae)。分布于东南亚、澳大利亚、日本、印度、南非等海域,在我国分布于浙江、福建、台湾、广东、广西和海南沿岸水域。因其个体巨大、成长速度快、肉味鲜美、营养丰富等特点,在近代以及现代被视为珍贵海鲜食品,也是沿海地区人工养殖的重要海洋经济物种。关于青蟹属物种的区分认识上,众多学者比较支持青蟹属共有拟穴青蟹(拉丁名:Scylla paramamosain)、锯缘青蟹(Scyllaserrata)、紫螯青蟹(Scyllatranquebarica)和榄绿青蟹(Syclla olivacea)四个种这一学说。
青蟹是中国珍贵的水产品之一。其肉味鲜美独特,营养极为丰富,素称酒席上之佳肴,食用药用价值高,尤其是交配后性腺成熟的雌性蟹(红蟳、高蟹)有海中人参之美誉,是产妇、老幼和身体虚弱者的高级滋补品,蟹壳可制成甲壳素,是一种用途广泛的工业原料。青蟹在中国主要分布在广东、广西、福建、台湾、浙江等省沿海,尤以浙江、福建、广东三省为多,国内以浙江省宁海青蟹和三门青蟹最有名,三门青蟹大概60-90元一斤,沿浦青蟹一般价格在80元以上,过年过节价格大致在110-140元一斤,很多温州、杭州一带官场、职场求人办事,很多都以此为礼品。
青蟹经济效益高,但是青蟹却不易养殖,为此,为了提高青蟹的经济效果,研究开发一种提高青蟹体重的养殖方法非常有必要。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供提高青蟹体重的养殖方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明提供提高青蟹体重的养殖方法,包括以下制备步骤:取常规青蟹专用饲料粉碎至200-300目,再与中药添加剂混合均匀,造粒,按照常规的方法进行投喂青蟹即可。
本发明所述的中药添加剂的量为常规青蟹专用饲料重量的0.3-1.2%。
本发明所述的中药添加剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:枳椇子30份,地桃花19份,刺苋菜11份。
优选地,本发明所述的中药添加剂的量为常规青蟹专用饲料重量的0.7%。
优选地,本发明所述的中药添加剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:枳椇子22-38份,地桃花10-28份,刺苋菜5-17份。
优选地,本发明所述的中药添加剂制备方法为:取中药添加剂的全部原料,粉碎,加入全部原料重量8-16倍水,在70-90℃,回流提取三次,每次30min,合并提取液,喷雾干燥即可。
优选地,本发明所述的中药添加剂制备方法中,粉碎至100-200目。
本发明的中药添加剂原料中:
枳椇子,鼠李科植物枳椇Hovenia dulcis Thunb.的成熟种子。性平,味甘。归胃经。主要含黑麦草碱、β-咔啉、枳椇苷C、枳椇苷D、枳椇苷G、枳椇苷G’、枳椇苷H、欧鼠李碱、枳椇碱A、枳椇酸、葡萄糖、苹果酸钙等成分。止渴除烦、清湿热、解酒毒。属利水渗湿药下属分类的利尿通淋药。抑制中枢;降压;抗脂质过氧化;增强综合体能。药理实验表明,对家兔有显著的利尿作用,且无任何副作用。
地桃花,锦葵科植物肖梵天花Urena lobataL.的根或全草。性微寒,味甘、淡。归脾经、肺经。全草含酚性成分、氨基酸、甾醇。茎皮含戊聚糖21.92%、木质素6.87%。种子含油13%~14%。清热解毒、去湿止痢、祛风止痛。属清热药下属分类的清热解毒药。
刺苋菜,苋科植物刺苋Amaranthus spinosus L.的全草。甘、淡,凉。归胃经、脾经、大肠经。根含菠菜甾醇、混合皂苷,其中分离得皂苷元有齐墩果酸,糖分为D-葡萄糖和D-葡萄糖醛酸。茎叶含菠菜甾醇、三十一烷。有报道叶含微量氢氰酸。清热利湿、解毒消肿、凉血止血。属止血药下属分类的凉血止血药。
本发明所述的常规青蟹专用饲料可为无棣县青云饲料销售中心销售的螃蟹配合饲料。
相比现有技术,本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明方法中,只需要向常规青蟹专用饲料加入由枳椇子,地桃花,刺苋菜制成的中药添加剂,协同作用能够提高青蟹的体重,提高经济效益,且枳椇子,地桃花,刺苋菜性味均为甘淡,不会影响饲料的适口性,且天然绿色,安全。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明并不局限于这些实施例。
实施例1
提高青蟹体重的养殖方法,,包括以下制备步骤:取常规青蟹专用饲料粉碎至200目,再与常规青蟹专用饲料重量的1.2%的中药添加剂混合均匀,造粒,按照常规的方法进行投喂青蟹即可。
所述的中药添加剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:枳椇子22份,地桃花28份,刺苋菜5份。
所述的中药添加剂制备方法为:取中药添加剂的全部原料,粉碎至100目,加入全部原料重量16倍水,在70℃,回流提取三次,每次30min,合并提取液,喷雾干燥即可。
实施例2
提高青蟹体重的养殖方法,,包括以下制备步骤:取常规青蟹专用饲料粉碎至250目,再与常规青蟹专用饲料重量的0.7%的中药添加剂混合均匀,造粒,按照常规的方法进行投喂青蟹即可。
所述的中药添加剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:枳椇子30份,地桃花19份,刺苋菜11份。
所述的中药添加剂制备方法为:取中药添加剂的全部原料,粉碎至150目,加入全部原料重量12倍水,在80℃,回流提取三次,每次30min,合并提取液,喷雾干燥即可。
实施例3
提高青蟹体重的养殖方法,,包括以下制备步骤:取常规青蟹专用饲料粉碎至300目,再与常规青蟹专用饲料重量的0.3%的中药添加剂混合均匀,造粒,按照常规的方法进行投喂青蟹即可。
所述的中药添加剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:枳椇子38份,地桃花10份,刺苋菜17份。
所述的中药添加剂制备方法为:取中药添加剂的全部原料,粉碎至200目,加入全部原料重量8倍水,在90℃,回流提取三次,每次30min,合并提取液,喷雾干燥即可。
对比例1
提高青蟹体重的养殖方法,,包括以下制备步骤:取常规青蟹专用饲料粉碎至250目,再与常规青蟹专用饲料重量的0.7%的中药添加剂混合均匀,造粒,按照常规的方法进行投喂青蟹即可。
所述的中药添加剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:枳椇子30份,地桃花19份,刺苋菜11份。
所述的中药添加剂制备方法为:取中药添加剂的全部原料,粉碎至150目,加入全部原料重量12倍水,煮沸,保持沸腾状态12min,过滤,浓缩,喷雾干燥即可。
将20尾青蟹种苗放入池塘中,按照对比例方法养殖,3个月后,青蟹平均体重为201g。
试验例:含不同组成的中药添加剂常规青蟹饲料对青蟹体重的影响,每个池塘放20尾青蟹种苗,每个池塘对应投喂一种含一种组成的中药添加剂的常规青蟹专用饲料,三个月后统计青蟹平均体重,其余的青蟹喂养管理和方式完全相同,具体情况见表1。
表1不同组成的中药添加剂对青蟹体重的影响
枳椇子/重量份 | 地桃花/重量份 | 刺苋菜/重量份 | 平均体重/g |
38 | 10 | 17 | 265 |
30 | 19 | 11 | 268 |
22 | 28 | 5 | 260 |
46 | 10 | 17 | 210 |
38 | 1 | 17 | 200 |
38 | 10 | 23 | 205 |
14 | 28 | 5 | 198 |
22 | 37 | 5 | 190 |
22 | 28 | 0 | 195 |
30 | 0 | 11 | 210 |
0 | 19 | 11 | 200 |
0 | 0 | 0 | 205 |
注:上述表格中,除了中药添加剂组成不相同,其它参数步骤与实施例2的一样。
Claims (5)
1.提高青蟹体重的养殖方法,其特征在于,包括以下制备步骤:取常规青蟹专用饲料粉碎至200-300目,再与中药添加剂混合均匀,造粒,按照常规的方法进行投喂青蟹即可;
所述的中药添加剂的量为常规青蟹专用饲料重量的0.3-1.2%;
所述的中药添加剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:枳椇子22-38份,地桃花10-28份,刺苋菜5-17份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提高青蟹体重的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述的中药添加剂的量为常规青蟹专用饲料重量的0.7%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的提高青蟹体重的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述的中药添加剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:枳椇子30份,地桃花19份,刺苋菜11份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的提高青蟹体重的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述的中药添加剂制备方法为:取中药添加剂的全部原料,粉碎,加入全部原料重量8-16倍水,在70-90℃,回流提取三次,每次30min,合并提取液,喷雾干燥即可。
5.根据权利要求4所述的提高青蟹体重的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述的中药添加剂制备方法中,粉碎至100-200目。
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