CN107318727A - 一种小龙虾病害的综合防治方法 - Google Patents
一种小龙虾病害的综合防治方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种小龙虾病害的综合防治方法,包括以下步骤:(1)秋季打干池塘,消毒、种伊乐藻;(2)采用配制的中草药配方饲料喂养小龙虾;(3)保持养殖水清澈,透明,pH 保持在偏酸性;(4)保持养殖池塘内的伊乐藻药生长旺盛;(5)每年用生石灰净化水质,7‑10天用1次,连续使用3‑5次。相对于现有技术,本发明提供了一种小龙虾病害的综合防治方法,其中各处理措施相辅相成,缺一不可,并且采用的特定中草药饲料中,各原料配伍严谨,主辅分明,同时各成分又协同作用,相互增效,能够有效提高小龙虾的进食能力和免疫力,减少病害发生率,增加产量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种小龙虾病害的综合防治方法,属于小龙虾养殖技术领域。
背景技术
小龙虾(Procambarus clarkii):也称克氏原螯虾、红螯虾和淡水小龙虾。形似虾而甲壳坚硬。成体长约5.6~11.9厘米,暗红色,甲壳部分近黑色,腹部背面有一楔形条纹。幼虾体为均匀的灰色,有时具黑色波纹。螯狭长。甲壳中部不被网眼状空隙分隔,甲壳上明显具颗粒。额剑具侧棘或额剑端部具刻痕。是淡水经济虾类,因肉味鲜美广受人们欢迎。因其杂食性、生长速度快、适应能力强而在当地生态环境中形成绝对的竞争优势。 其摄食范围包括水草、藻类、水生昆虫、动物尸体等,食物匮缺时亦自相残杀。小龙虾近年来在中国已经成为重要经济养殖品种。
目前,小龙虾喂养多采用一些综合型营养饲料和程序化的人工管理,但是普遍存在一些缺陷,如水质差、小龙虾病害发生率高、产量低等,导致最终的龙虾产量无法满足市场的要求。
发明内容
发明目的:为了克服现有技术中存在的不足,本发明提供了一种小龙虾病害的综合防治方法。
技术方案:为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种小龙虾病害的综合防治方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)秋季打干池塘,消毒、种伊乐藻;
(2)采用配制的中草药配方饲料喂养小龙虾;
(3)保持养殖水清澈,透明,pH 保持在偏酸性;
(4)保持养殖池塘内的伊乐藻生长旺盛;
(5)每年用生石灰净化水质,7-10天用1次,连续使用3-5次。
步骤(1)中所述消毒采用撒施漂白粉方法,用量为每亩0.5-1.5公斤。
步骤(2)中所述中草药配方饲料包括中药提取物和基础饲料,其中,中药提取物占基础饲料重量的0.2-0.6%。
所述中药提取物是由以下重量份比例的原料制成:
淫羊藿50份、柴胡50份、葛根50份、黄芩30-40份、黄柏30-40份、
黄连30-40份、桑叶30-40份、马齿苋30-40份、杜仲20-30份、黄芪20-30份、
大黄20-30份、蒲公英20-30份、白扁豆20-30份、大青叶10-20份、山楂10-20份、
甘草5-10份、姜粉5-10份、大蒜粉5-10份。
所述中药提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取淫羊藿、葛根、黄芩、黄柏、杜仲、黄芪、大黄和大青叶,加入6-8倍体积的60%乙醇水溶液,加热回流提取3次,每次1-3小时,合并提取液,除去乙醇,得醇提残渣和醇提液;
(2)取柴胡、黄连、桑叶、马齿苋、蒲公英、白扁豆、山楂、甘草、姜粉和大蒜粉,与上述醇提残渣合并,加入8-10倍体积的纯水,加热回流提取3次,每次1-3小时,合并提取液,得水提液;
(3)将上述醇提液和水提液合并,浓缩至相对密度1.10-1.20,静置24-48h,过滤,制成需要的制剂,即得。
步骤(3)中所述pH 保持在偏酸性为pH 保持6.0-6.5。
步骤(5)中所述使用生石灰的时间为每年4月,用量为10-15斤/亩。
本发明中采用配制的特定中草药配方饲料喂养小龙虾,其中中药提取物的原料中,以淫羊藿、柴胡和葛根为君药,黄芩、黄柏、黄连、桑叶和马齿苋为臣药,杜仲、黄芪、大黄、蒲公英和白扁豆为佐药,大青叶、山楂、甘草、姜粉和大蒜粉为使药,该组方整体配伍严谨,主辅分明,同时各成分又协同作用,相互增效,兼顾提高小龙虾食欲和免疫力、以及抗病毒目的,同时又能补充各种营养,能够有效提高小龙虾的进食能力,并且显著提高其体质,减少病害发生率,增加最终产量。
有益效果:相对于现有技术,本发明提供了一种小龙虾病害的综合防治方法,其中各处理措施相辅相成,缺一不可,并且采用的特定中草药饲料中,各原料配伍严谨,主辅分明,同时各成分又协同作用,相互增效,能够有效提高小龙虾的进食能力和免疫力,减少病害发生率,增加产量。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作更进一步的说明。
以下实施例中的基础饲料均为:豆粕50斤、菜籽饼100斤、高筋面粉100斤、次粉80斤、秘鲁产鱼粉40斤、鱿鱼粉65斤、大豆磷脂16斤、饲料级磷酸二氢钙7斤、添加剂5斤、粘合剂5斤、中水牌脱壳促长散5斤、骨粉25斤。
实施例1
1、防治方法:
(1)秋季打干池塘,采用撒施漂白粉方法,用量为每亩0.5公斤,种伊乐藻;
(2)采用配制的中草药配方饲料喂养小龙虾,改饲料包括中药提取物和基础饲料,其中,中药提取物占基础饲料重量的0.2%;
(3)保持养殖水清澈,透明,pH 保持在偏酸性6.0-6.5;
(4)保持养殖池塘内的伊乐藻生长旺盛;
(5)每年4月用生石灰净化水质(用量为10斤/亩),10天用1次,连续使用3次。
上述中药提取物的组方如下:
淫羊藿50份、柴胡50份、葛根50份、黄芩30份、黄柏30份、
黄连30份、桑叶30份、马齿苋30份、杜仲20份、黄芪20份、
大黄20份、蒲公英20份、白扁豆20份、大青叶10、山楂10份、
甘草5份、姜粉5份、大蒜粉5份。
制备方法如下:
(1)取淫羊藿、葛根、黄芩、黄柏、杜仲、黄芪、大黄和大青叶,加入6倍体积的60%乙醇水溶液,加热回流提取3次,每次3小时,合并提取液,除去乙醇,得醇提残渣和醇提液;
(2)取柴胡、黄连、桑叶、马齿苋、蒲公英、白扁豆、山楂、甘草、姜粉和大蒜粉,与上述醇提残渣合并,加入8倍体积的纯水,加热回流提取3次,每次3小时,合并提取液,得水提液;
(3)将上述醇提液和水提液合并,浓缩至相对密度1.10,静置24h,过滤,干燥,粉碎,即得。
2、防治效果:
按上述管理方法喂养小龙虾,以同一批小龙虾作为对照组,只喂养基础饲料,且采用常规方法管理(包括没有消毒、没有种植中草药、水质pH 保持7.0-7.5、没有每年用生石灰净化水质)。
最后结果可得,相对于对照组,小龙虾采食量增加,食欲佳,生长快,发病率降低78%,产量提高32%。
实施例2
1、防治方法:
(1)秋季打干池塘,采用撒施漂白粉方法,用量为每亩1.5公斤,种伊乐藻;
(2)采用配制的中草药配方饲料喂养小龙虾,改饲料包括中药提取物和基础饲料,其中,中药提取物占基础饲料重量的0.6%;
(3)保持养殖水清澈,透明,pH 保持在偏酸性6.0-6.5;
(4)保持养殖池塘内的伊乐藻生长旺盛;
(5)每年4月用生石灰净化水质(用量为15斤/亩),7天用1次,连续使用5次。
上述中药提取物的组方如下:
淫羊藿50份、柴胡50份、葛根50份、黄芩40份、黄柏40份、
黄连40份、桑叶40份、马齿苋40份、杜仲30份、黄芪30份、
大黄30份、蒲公英30份、白扁豆30份、大青叶20份、山楂20份、
甘草10份、姜粉10份、大蒜粉10份。
制备方法如下:
(1)取淫羊藿、葛根、黄芩、黄柏、杜仲、黄芪、大黄和大青叶,加入8倍体积的60%乙醇水溶液,加热回流提取3次,每次1小时,合并提取液,除去乙醇,得醇提残渣和醇提液;
(2)取柴胡、黄连、桑叶、马齿苋、蒲公英、白扁豆、山楂、甘草、姜粉和大蒜粉,与上述醇提残渣合并,加入10倍体积的纯水,加热回流提取3次,每次1小时,合并提取液,得水提液;
(3)将上述醇提液和水提液合并,浓缩至相对密度1.20,静置48h,过滤,干燥,粉碎,即得。
2、防治效果:
按上述管理方法喂养小龙虾,以同一批小龙虾作为对照组,只喂养基础饲料,且采用常规方法管理(包括没有消毒、没有种植中草药、水质pH 保持7.0-7.5、没有每年用生石灰净化水质)。
最后结果可得,相对于对照组,小龙虾采食量增加,食欲佳,生长快,发病率降低76%,产量提高35%。
实施例3
1、防治方法:
(1)秋季打干池塘,采用撒施漂白粉方法,用量为每亩1公斤,种伊乐藻;
(2)采用配制的中草药配方饲料喂养小龙虾,改饲料包括中药提取物和基础饲料,其中,中药提取物占基础饲料重量的0.4%;
(3)保持养殖水清澈,透明,pH 保持在偏酸性6.0-6.5;
(4)保持养殖池塘内的伊乐藻生长旺盛;
(5)每年4月用生石灰净化水质(用量为12斤/亩),8天用1次,连续使用4次。
上述中药提取物的组方如下:
淫羊藿50份、柴胡50份、葛根50份、黄芩35份、黄柏35份、
黄连35份、桑叶35份、马齿苋35份、杜仲25份、黄芪25份、
大黄25份、蒲公英25份、白扁豆25份、大青叶15份、山楂15份、
甘草7份、姜粉8份、大蒜粉7份。
制备方法如下:
(1)取淫羊藿、葛根、黄芩、黄柏、杜仲、黄芪、大黄和大青叶,加入7倍体积的60%乙醇水溶液,加热回流提取3次,每次2小时,合并提取液,除去乙醇,得醇提残渣和醇提液;
(2)取柴胡、黄连、桑叶、马齿苋、蒲公英、白扁豆、山楂、甘草、姜粉和大蒜粉,与上述醇提残渣合并,加入9倍体积的纯水,加热回流提取3次,每次2小时,合并提取液,得水提液;
(3)将上述醇提液和水提液合并,浓缩至相对密度1.15,静置36h,过滤,干燥,粉碎,即得。
2、防治效果:
按上述管理方法喂养小龙虾,以同一批小龙虾作为对照组,只喂养基础饲料,且采用常规方法管理(包括没有消毒、没有种植伊乐藻水质pH 保持7.0-7.5、没有每年用生石灰净化水质)。
最后结果可得,相对于对照组,小龙虾采食量增加,食欲佳,生长快,发病率降低79%,产量提高37%。
Claims (7)
1.一种小龙虾病害的综合防治方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)秋季打干池塘,消毒、种伊乐藻;
(2)采用配制的中草药配方饲料喂养小龙虾;
(3)保持养殖水清澈,透明,pH 保持在偏酸性;
(4)保持养殖池塘内的伊乐藻生长旺盛;
(5)每年用生石灰净化水质,7-10天用1次,连续使用3-5次。
2.根据权利要求1所述的小龙虾病害的综合防治方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述消毒采用撒施漂白粉方法,用量为每亩0.5-1.5公斤。
3.根据权利要求1所述的小龙虾病害的综合防治方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述中草药配方饲料包括中药提取物和基础饲料,其中,中药提取物占基础饲料重量的0.2-0.6%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的小龙虾病害的综合防治方法,其特征在于,所述中药提取物是由以下重量份比例的原料制成:
淫羊藿50份、柴胡50份、葛根50份、黄芩30-40份、黄柏30-40份、
黄连30-40份、桑叶30-40份、马齿苋30-40份、杜仲20-30份、黄芪20-30份、
大黄20-30份、蒲公英20-30份、白扁豆20-30份、大青叶10-20份、山楂10-20份、
甘草5-10份、姜粉5-10份、大蒜粉5-10份。
5.根据权利要求3所述的小龙虾病害的综合防治方法,其特征在于,所述中药提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取淫羊藿、葛根、黄芩、黄柏、杜仲、黄芪、大黄和大青叶,加入6-8倍体积的60%乙醇水溶液,加热回流提取3次,每次1-3小时,合并提取液,除去乙醇,得醇提残渣和醇提液;
(2)取柴胡、黄连、桑叶、马齿苋、蒲公英、白扁豆、山楂、甘草、姜粉和大蒜粉,与上述醇提残渣合并,加入8-10倍体积的纯水,加热回流提取3次,每次1-3小时,合并提取液,得水提液;
(3)将上述醇提液和水提液合并,浓缩至相对密度1.10-1.20,静置24-48h,过滤,制成需要的制剂,即得。
6.根据权利要求1所述的小龙虾病害的综合防治方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述pH保持在偏酸性为pH 保持6.0-6.5。
7.根据权利要求1所述的小龙虾病害的综合防治方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中所述使用生石灰的时间为每年4月,用量为10-15斤/亩。
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