CN108027092B - 带有内部元件和外部元件的管路元件 - Google Patents

带有内部元件和外部元件的管路元件 Download PDF

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CN108027092B
CN108027092B CN201680044853.2A CN201680044853A CN108027092B CN 108027092 B CN108027092 B CN 108027092B CN 201680044853 A CN201680044853 A CN 201680044853A CN 108027092 B CN108027092 B CN 108027092B
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CN108027092A (zh
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K.申克
O.泽尔特
M.魏斯
S.豪克
D.鲍姆霍夫
K-H.明克
M.亨克尔曼
A.格哈德
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Westfalia Metallschlauchtechnik GmbH and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/20—Double-walled hoses, i.e. two concentric hoses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/12—Making tubes or metal hoses with helically arranged seams
    • B21C37/123—Making tubes or metal hoses with helically arranged seams of coated strip material; Making multi-wall tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B32B1/08—Tubular products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/14—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a face layer formed of separate pieces of material which are juxtaposed side-by-side
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/18—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by an internal layer formed of separate pieces of material which are juxtaposed side-by-side
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/05—Interconnection of layers the layers not being connected over the whole surface, e.g. discontinuous connection or patterned connection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
    • F01N13/1811—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N13/1816—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration the pipe sections being joined together by flexible tubular elements only, e.g. using bellows or strip-wound pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/14—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rigid material, e.g. metal or hard plastics
    • F16L11/15—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rigid material, e.g. metal or hard plastics corrugated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/14—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rigid material, e.g. metal or hard plastics
    • F16L11/16—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rigid material, e.g. metal or hard plastics wound from profiled strips or bands
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L27/00—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement
    • F16L27/10—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement comprising a flexible connection only, e.g. for damping vibrations
    • F16L27/1004—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement comprising a flexible connection only, e.g. for damping vibrations introduced in exhaust pipes for hot gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L27/00—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement
    • F16L27/10—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement comprising a flexible connection only, e.g. for damping vibrations
    • F16L27/107—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement comprising a flexible connection only, e.g. for damping vibrations the ends of the pipe being interconnected by a flexible sleeve
    • F16L27/11—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement comprising a flexible connection only, e.g. for damping vibrations the ends of the pipe being interconnected by a flexible sleeve the sleeve having the form of a bellows with multiple corrugations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L27/00—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement
    • F16L27/10—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement comprising a flexible connection only, e.g. for damping vibrations
    • F16L27/107—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement comprising a flexible connection only, e.g. for damping vibrations the ends of the pipe being interconnected by a flexible sleeve
    • F16L27/11—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement comprising a flexible connection only, e.g. for damping vibrations the ends of the pipe being interconnected by a flexible sleeve the sleeve having the form of a bellows with multiple corrugations
    • F16L27/111—Adjustable joints, Joints allowing movement comprising a flexible connection only, e.g. for damping vibrations the ends of the pipe being interconnected by a flexible sleeve the sleeve having the form of a bellows with multiple corrugations the bellows being reinforced
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L51/00—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines
    • F16L51/02—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines making use of bellows or an expansible folded or corrugated tube
    • F16L51/025—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines making use of bellows or an expansible folded or corrugated tube with several corrugations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L51/00—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines
    • F16L51/02—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines making use of bellows or an expansible folded or corrugated tube
    • F16L51/026—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines making use of bellows or an expansible folded or corrugated tube with interior reinforcement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L51/00—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines
    • F16L51/02—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines making use of bellows or an expansible folded or corrugated tube
    • F16L51/027—Expansion-compensation arrangements for pipe-lines making use of bellows or an expansible folded or corrugated tube with external reinforcement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/04—Devices damping pulsations or vibrations in fluids
    • F16L55/041—Devices damping pulsations or vibrations in fluids specially adapted for preventing vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/546—Flexural strength; Flexion stiffness
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/16—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for reducing exhaust flow pulsations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/12—Tubes being corrugated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J3/00—Diaphragms; Bellows; Bellows pistons
    • F16J3/04—Bellows
    • F16J3/047—Metallic bellows

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种由多层的内部元件(IE)和外部元件(AE)构成的管路元件(600)，其中，内部元件(IE)和外部元件(AE)逐点地、线形地、部分或全部面地相互处于接触中。此外，设置有在构件长度上延伸的摩擦接触保护部或在内部元件(IE)与外部元件(AE)的接触区域中设置有摩擦层(121)。由此使外部元件(AE)由于摩擦所引起的磨损最小化。

Description

带有内部元件和外部元件的管路元件
技术领域
本发明涉及由内部和外部元件构成的管路元件。这种管路元件优选安装在机动车中的废气管路中，并且使各个刚性的管路单元柔性地相互连接。
背景技术
在机动车的废气系中总是出现振动，所述振动在大多数情况下通过发动机、涡轮增压机中的或辅助设备中的旋转元件的不平衡来造成。振动的另一个激励通过内燃机的脉冲状的压力变化来提供。除了这些高频的振动以外，在个位数的且小的两位数的赫兹范围中的频率能够通过行驶运动连同行车道-不平整性及其到底盘中的反馈来激励。
在此在上面所描述的管路元件具有以下任务，即将废气系统中的这种振动和运动从机动车中脱离。此外，该管路元件平衡可能的安装公差。
在不充分减振的柔性的管路元件中，在运行时在废气设备中诱发的振动引起固有频率激励，该固有频率激励以减少使用寿命来显现的形式作用到柔性的管路元件上。其振动特性在此通过其质量和弹簧刚度来表征。在带有相对于旋转轴线对称地构造的波纹(Wellung)的金属褶皱部(Metallbälgen)的情况下，属于小的固有频率的固有形状常常是处于在褶皱部结构中的纵向波纹，其振动波节(Schwingungsknoten)的数量以固有频率的级次而增加。这些固有频率的高度随着变小的刚度而下降。所以这样的构件的直径和长度越大，则其固有频率通常越小。特别是在商用车领域中(其中，柔性的管路元件的直径和长度由系统决定地较大)，使用不带有匹配于专门的配置的减振系统的金属褶皱部是无前途的。
因此柔性的管路元件在振动负载下具有减振单元，该减振单元优选基于摩擦接触来工作。在此优先使用金属编织物或金属针织物。
由专利文献DE 196 41 963 C1已知一种经减振的管路元件，该管路元件在外部区域中以及在内部区域中具有与管路元件的螺旋部在整个构件长度上处于接触中的金属针织物。在此，在管路元件与金属编织物之间的该接触区域沿径向方向完全包围地延伸。
由公开文献DE 199 24 476 A1、DE 40 42 291 A1和DE 10 2005 052 204 A1已知通过外部金属编织物减振的管路元件，在该管路元件的情况下，螺旋部的一部分与编织物处于摩擦配合中用于产生减振，另外一部分有针对性地与编织物形状或力配合地连接。处于外部的在整个构件长度延伸的接触区域沿径向方向完全包围。在此，由现有技术已知的带有减振的管路元件具有以下缺点，即为了减振的功能总是必须将附加的构件安装在管路元件中，这意味着重量和材料增加。
此外，由DE 199 13 562 A1已知由外部的波纹褶皱部和布置在其中的金属软管构成的柔性软管，波纹褶皱部和金属软管为了减振而相互处于接触中。
发明内容
在轻量化构造过程中，本发明基于以下任务，即提供一种柔性的且经减振的管路元件的构建，而没有由于附加地安装的减振元件所引起的值得注意的重量和材料增加。同时，管路元件应该具有可靠的功能和长的使用寿命。
该任务根据本发明通过根据本发明的管路元件来解决。这些管路元件的有利的改进方案根据本发明可得出。
根据本发明的管路元件由内部元件和外部元件构成，所述内部元件和外部元件逐点地、线形地、部分面地或全部面地相互处于接触中。在此减振的功能不单独地通过减振元件来实现，而是集成在内部或外部元件中。
在根据本发明的管路元件中，内部元件同轴地布置在外部元件中。
根据第一实施方式，管路元件的特征在于，
-内部元件由以一个或多个带条制成的柔性的卷绕软管构成，以及
-管路元件(或其内部元件和/或外部元件)具有在构件长度(也就是说管路元件的轴向长度)上延伸的摩擦接触保护部。
“摩擦接触保护部”用于使由于内部元件与外部元件之间的摩擦所引起的磨损最小。该摩擦接触保护部尤其能够防止或至少减少外部元件的材料在接触区域中的移除。这能够例如通过内部元件和外部元件的接触的层的合适的材料选择和/或材料处理来实现。
此外可选地，能够应用一个或两个表面(内部元件、外部元件)的调节。在此，例如热学的或热化学的扩散方法以及表面覆层方法形成用于产生两个摩擦副中的一个的对于接触的层所需要的调节的基础。示例性的然而在以下列举中并不起封闭作用的方法是：
渗碳，
科尔斯特林化，
(等离子-，气体，盐浴-)渗氮，
氮碳共渗，
碳氨共渗，
火焰淬火，
感应淬火，
激光淬火，
等离子淬火，
化学镀镍，
硬质镀铬，
热注射，
硬质或软质材料层的施覆熔焊，
化学的气相沉积(CVD)，
物理的气相沉积(PVD)，
离子植入，
和/或激光处理方法。
根据第二实施方式，管路元件的特征在于，内部元件具有多层的构建，其中，层中的一个层在内部元件与外部元件的接触区域中构造摩擦层。摩擦层能够例如构造为覆层或以摩擦优化的材料选择的形式来构造。管路元件的两个层中，一个尤其能够作用为载体层起作用并且第二个层能够构造摩擦层(磨损载体层)。
根据描述两个实施方式的根据本发明的管路元件具有以下优点，即通过内部元件与外部元件之间的接触在没有附加的构件的情况下实现减振，其中，通过摩擦接触保护部或摩擦层能够防止外部元件受损伤。由此管路元件获得高的功能可靠性以及长的使用寿命。
内部元件的多层的构建能够可选地通过带条来产生，该带条由多个材料配合地或形状配合地相互连接地层构成并且卷绕成卷绕软管。带条能够例如具有由硬质材料构成的芯，该芯至少局部地以其它的(较软的)材料覆层和/或其表面至少被局部地处理。
备选地，内部元件的多层的构建通过以下方式来实现，即该内部元件由柔性的卷绕软管构成，该卷绕软管由多个带条制成。在此两个或更多(典型地等宽的)带条相互叠置并且共同作为组供应给用于制造卷绕软管的改形及卷绕工艺。由此通常不出现带条的材料配合的连接。
根据前述实施方案，摩擦层能够例如通过内部元件的表面覆层，内部元件的表面的调节、和/或通过多个带条中的一个带条来形成。
摩擦层的材料优选选择成摩擦优化的。也就是说，摩擦层与外部元件在接触区域中关于(尤其是外部元件的)磨损的摩擦比用于摩擦层和外部元件的两个相同的材料的摩擦更好。尤其，摩擦层能够比外部元件的材料更软(例如以根据洛氏或维氏HR或HV的方法来测量)，从而通过摩擦接触来移除摩擦层而不是外部元件。
摩擦层和/或摩擦接触保护部和/或带条能够优选地包含以下材料中的至少一个材料或由以下所构成：
不锈钢，
钢，
锌，
磷酸锌，
铝合金，
铜，
钛，
钽，
镍基合金，
石墨，
芳纶(例如凯夫拉®)，
黄铜，
青铜
和/或硫化钼。
卷绕软管、卷绕褶皱部，波纹褶皱部或在上方的型材区域中焊接的、旋转对称的或螺线卷曲的膜片褶皱部的不同的实施方式被用作为内部元件或外部元件。外部元件能够优选由波纹褶皱部、膜片褶皱部-结构或经卷绕的褶皱部结构构成，所述波纹褶皱部、膜片褶皱部-结构或经卷绕的褶皱部结构具有或相对于旋转轴线垂直地显现的波纹或螺旋形的波纹。经卷绕的褶皱部结构能够优选形状配合地钩入地或交叠地或材料配合地焊接。
此外外部元件能够包含以下材料中的至少一个材料或由此构成：
不锈钢，
钢，
锌，
铝合金，
铜，
钛，
钽，
镍基合金，
黄铜，
和/或青铜。
优选地，外部元件和内部元件的在接触区域中触碰的材料表面彼此间相协调地选择，以使摩擦磨损减少或最小。在此内部元件的所涉及的材料尤其能够比外部元件的材料选择得更软。
根据本发明的一改进方案，内部元件和/或外部元件能够至少在管路元件的轴向区段中具有不是圆形的横截面。内部元件和/或外部元件尤其能够具有多角形的横截面，其中，角被典型地倒圆。此外，非圆形的内部/外部元件通常与圆形的外部/内部元件相组合。通过不圆度能够以简单的方式建立点、线或面接触。
此外，内部软管优选至少在管路元件的轴向区段中在应力下(也就是说，以压力)贴靠在外部软管的内壁处。以这种方式确保，内部软管与外部软管之间的接触即使在软管可能发生运动的情况下也得到维持。此外，通过应力的高低能够影响减振特性。
对于带有非圆的-内部或外部软管的管路元件的其它信息在DE 10 2015 102 258和DE 10 2012 013 946 A1中找到，这些文献通过参考全面地接收到本申请中。
对于带有内部和外部软管的同轴的布置的管路元件的其它信息在DE 20 2015104 177 U1中找到，这些文献通过参考全面地接收到本申请中。
附图说明
在下面借助于附图示例性地更详细地阐释本发明。在此：
图1示出穿过根据本发明的内部元件的两层带条的横截面；
图2示出穿过内部元件的壁的横截面，该内部元件由图1的带条卷绕而成；
图3示出穿过管路元件的横截面，该管路元件具有根据图2的内部元件以及呈在上方的型材区域中焊接的、旋转对称的或螺线卷曲的膜片褶皱部形式的外部元件；
图4以前视图示出带有椭圆形的内部元件的管路元件；
图5以前视图示出带有三角形的内部元件的管路元件；
图6以前视图示出带有五角形的内部元件的管路元件；
图7以前视图示出带有四角形的外部元件和圆形的内部元件的管路元件，该内部元件在至少一个径向区域处直接与外部元件处于摩擦接触中；
图8以剖切图示示出多层的卷绕软管的可行的、但不起封闭作用的实施方式，该卷绕软管能够被用作为内部元件或外部元件；
图9示出穿过管路元件的横截面，在该管路元件中，内部元件是多层的、搭扣形的带有优选30%的延展部的卷绕软管，并且外部元件由波纹褶皱部构成。
具体实施方式
图1示出穿过两层的带条125的横截面，从该带条通过卷绕和钩入制造图2中示出的卷绕软管120。在此，图2示出穿过软管的壁部的剖面，该软管能够设想成关于软管轴线X-X旋转对称。
该两层的带条125由两个平行伸延的单个的带条121和122构成。在制造工艺期间这些单个的带条121和122叠置地布置并且被共同加工，也就是说被型材化及卷绕。由此在带条121和122之间出现形状配合的(然而通常不是材料配合的)连接。
图3示出根据本发明的管路元件100，该管路元件由卷绕软管120作为内部元件(在图中还已“IE”来表示)和外部元件110(在图中还以“AE”来表示)形成。在示出的示例中，外部元件AE是在上方型材区域中焊接的、旋转对称的或螺线卷曲的膜片褶皱部110。如所示出的那样，内部元件IE的外部表面触碰外部元件AE的内部表面(至少在示出的剖切平面中)。通过内部元件IE与外部元件AE之间的接触实现管路元件100的有效的振动阻尼。优选地，在此在一定的预紧力下发生接触。
在卷绕软管120中，带条121处于径向最外部的位置处，并且在卷绕软管经镦锻的状态下，带条单独形成该卷绕软管的外部表面。因此在管路元件100中，仅仅该带条121作为“摩擦层”与外部元件AE接触。根据本发明，该带条121关于外部元件AE摩擦优化地选择。这种摩擦优化的选择尤其能够如此进行，使得通过在管路元件100的运行期间内部元件IE与外部元件AE之间的摩擦使外部元件AE遭受尽可能小的磨损。因此带条121(或至少其表面层，如果该带条不是由统一的材料构成)的材料通常选择得比外部元件AE的材料更软。然后通过摩擦最先使内部元件IE的材料移除。由此带条121最终形成内部元件IE与外部元件AE之间的摩擦接触保护部。
对于卷绕软管120，期望的或需要的稳定性能够通过内部的第二带条122的相应的选择来给予。该第二带条尤其能够由硬质材料构成或通过热学的扩散工艺而具有硬质的边缘层硬化部。
典型的材料组合包括例如但是在以下列举中不起封闭作用的：
外部带条121 内部带条122
不锈钢1.4016 不锈钢1.4828
不锈钢1.4016 镍基合金
黄铜合金 不锈钢1.4828
黄铜合金 镍基合金
铝 不锈钢1.4301
铝 镍基合金
石墨 不锈钢1.4301
石墨 镍基合金
不仅内部元件IE而且外部元件AE能够在最简单的情况下具有圆形的横截面(垂直于软管轴线)。元件之间的触碰此时以面的形式实现。
在优选的实施方式中，内部元件IE或外部元件AE同时具有非圆形的横截面(而管路元件的其它的元件分别具有圆形的横截面)。然后通常仅仅存在线形的或如有可能甚至仅仅点状的接触。特别优选的是，内部元件IE具有非圆形的横截面，并且外部元件AE具有圆形的横截面。
在图4中与此有关地以前视图示出带有椭圆形的内部元件220和圆形的外部元件210的管路元件200。以摩擦接触的触碰在轴向地伸延的且以180°间隔开的线之间发生。
在图5中以前视图示出带有三角的(三角形的)内部元件320和圆形的外部元件310的管路元件300。以摩擦接触的触碰在轴向伸延的且以120°间隔开的线之间发生。
在图6中以前视图示出带有五角形的内部元件420和圆形的外部元件410的管路元件400。以摩擦接触的触碰在轴向伸延的且以72°间隔开的线之间发生。
在图7中以前视图示出带有四角形的外部元件510和圆形的内部元件520的管路元件500。以摩擦接触的触碰在轴向伸延的且以90°间隔开线之间发生。
图8以剖切图示示出多层的卷绕软管20-27的可行的但是不起封闭作用的实施方式，所述卷绕软管能够被用作为内部元件IE(或外部元件)。尤其，在所有的在图中示出的管路元件100-600中内部元件IE能够通过卷绕软管20-27中的一个卷绕软管来形成。示例性地示出：
- 多层的搭扣形的卷绕软管20，
- 多层的双鳞片式-卷绕软管(DSS)21，
- 多层的鳞片式-卷绕软管(SSS)22，
- 多层的搭扣形的带有优选60%延展部的卷绕软管23，
- 多层的搭扣形的带有优选100%延展部的卷绕软管24，
- 多层的钩入的、搭扣形的卷绕软管25，
- 多层的钩入的带有优选60%的延展部的双鳞片式-卷绕软管26，
- 多层的钩入的鳞片式-卷绕软管27。
图9示出穿过管路元件600的横截面，在该管路元件中内部元件IE是多层的、搭扣形的带有优选30%延展部的卷绕软管620，并且外部元件AE由波纹褶皱部610构成。
在所有的在图中示出的管路元件100-600中，外部元件AE能够可选地通过卷绕褶皱部、波纹褶皱部或在上方型材区域中焊接的、旋转对称的或螺线卷曲的膜片褶皱部来形成。在DE 10 2008 001 297 A1、DE 10 2011 053 131 A1和DE 10 2013 104 446 A1中找到针对这样的外部元件AE的示例。

Claims (10)

1.管路元件(100-600)，由内部元件(IE)和外部元件(AE)构成，其中，内部元件(IE)和外部元件(AE)逐点地、线形地、部分或全部面地相互处于接触中，
其特征在于，
所述内部元件(IE)具有多层的构建，其中，所述层(121)中的一个层在内部元件(IE)与外部元件(AE)的接触区域中构造摩擦层(121)，在内部元件(IE)与外部元件(AE)之间的接触区域中，所述内部元件(IE)的材料比所述外部元件(AE)的材料更软。
2.根据权利要求1所述的管路元件(100-600)，
其特征在于，所述摩擦层(121)的材料选择成摩擦优化的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的管路元件(100-600)，
其特征在于，所述内部元件(IE)由柔性的卷绕软管(120-620、20-27)构成，所述卷绕软管由多个带条(121、122)制成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的管路元件(100-600)，
其特征在于，所述摩擦层(121)和/或带条(121)包含以下材料中的至少一个材料或由以下所构成：不锈钢、钢、锌、磷酸锌、铝、铝合金、铜、钛、钽、陶瓷、镍、镍基合金、石墨、芳纶、黄铜、青铜和/或硫化钼。
5.根据权利要求1到4中任一项所述的管路元件(100-600)，
其特征在于，所述外部元件(AE)由波纹褶皱部、膜片褶皱部结构或经卷绕的褶皱部结构构成，所述波纹褶皱部、膜片褶皱部结构或经卷绕的褶皱部结构具有或垂直于旋转轴线地显现的波纹或螺旋形的波纹。
6.根据权利要求1到4中任一项所述的管路元件(100-600)，
其特征在于，所述外部元件(AE)包含以下材料中的至少一个材料或由以下所构成：不锈钢、钢、锌、铝、铝合金、镍基合金、铜、钛、黄铜、青铜和/或钽。
7.根据权利要求3所述的管路元件(100-600)，
其特征在于，所述摩擦层(121)和/或带条(121)和/或所述外部元件(AE)至少局部地在一表面处得到调节。
8.根据权利要求7所述的管路元件(100-600)，
其特征在于，所述摩擦层(121)和/或带条(121)和/或所述外部元件(AE)至少局部地在一表面处借助于热学的或热化学的扩散方法或表面覆层方法得到调节。
9.根据权利要求1到4中任一项所述的管路元件(100-600)，
其特征在于，所述内部元件(IE)和/或所述外部元件(AE)至少在所述管路元件的轴向区段中具有非圆形的横截面。
10.根据权利要求9所述的管路元件(100-600)，
其特征在于，所述内部元件(IE)和/或所述外部元件(AE)至少在所述管路元件的轴向区段中具有多角形的横截面。
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DE102016104885A1 (de) 2017-02-02
ES2734267T3 (es) 2019-12-05
EP3329167B1 (de) 2019-05-15
KR20180031674A (ko) 2018-03-28
PL3329167T3 (pl) 2019-10-31
US20180224028A1 (en) 2018-08-09
JP6490299B2 (ja) 2019-03-27
EP3329167A1 (de) 2018-06-06
JP2018523074A (ja) 2018-08-16
WO2017016728A1 (de) 2017-02-02
CN108027092A (zh) 2018-05-11
KR102099796B1 (ko) 2020-04-10
DE202015104177U1 (de) 2015-12-03

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