CN108025961B - 用于具有功能层的层压窗玻璃的瓷漆印刷方法 - Google Patents

用于具有功能层的层压窗玻璃的瓷漆印刷方法 Download PDF

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CN108025961B
CN108025961B CN201780001044.8A CN201780001044A CN108025961B CN 108025961 B CN108025961 B CN 108025961B CN 201780001044 A CN201780001044 A CN 201780001044A CN 108025961 B CN108025961 B CN 108025961B
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C.达松维尔
D.克莱尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及在可用于机动车辆领域中的并包含对刮擦敏感的薄功能层堆叠体的层压窗玻璃的构成玻璃片材上印刷瓷漆的方法。根据本发明的方法允许在涂覆有薄层堆叠体的玻璃片材上沉积瓷漆层。

Description

用于具有功能层的层压窗玻璃的瓷漆印刷方法
本发明涉及一种用于在构成层压窗玻璃的玻璃片材上印刷瓷漆的方法，该层压窗玻璃包括对可擦拭性(rayabilité)敏感的薄功能层的堆叠体，其可以特别地用于机动车辆领域中。
特别是用作为挡风玻璃的机动车辆窗玻璃是由两个玻璃片材(其与在该两个玻璃片材之间的热塑性聚合物中间片材结合)组成的层压窗玻璃。因此，每个玻璃片材具有朝向所述中间层的面。通常，对于安装在机动交通工具中的窗玻璃，通过使用以下惯例取名层压窗玻璃的面1至4。与交通工具的外界接触的玻璃片材，有时也称为第一玻璃片材，具有面1和面2。面1是朝向外界的面，而面2是朝向中间片材的面。另一窗玻璃或第二玻璃片材与车辆的内部接触并具有面3和面4。面3是朝向中间片材的面，同时面4是朝向内部的面。
机动车辆窗玻璃常常具有不透明的瓷漆条带，它们具有双重作用：它们同时允许保护位于窗玻璃下方的粘合剂在面对太阳辐射，特别是紫外线时的完整性（当窗玻璃通过胶合被安装在车身窗口中时），并且还掩蔽位于窗玻璃的面的边缘位置的连接元件，例如电气类型连接元件。如果条带例如旨在掩蔽后视镜的连接器元件，则这些条带可以是外周的或更中心的。这些瓷漆条带通常通过丝网印刷方法被沉积在玻璃片材上。
另一方面，许多机动车辆窗玻璃是在它们允许日光控制和/或热控制或者例如电磁屏蔽的意义上来说是功能化窗玻璃。为了在窗玻璃中获得这些功能性，窗玻璃的组成玻璃片材之一涂覆有具有多个薄层的堆叠体，其中一些薄层是金属功能层，特别是基于银，其它是具有为108至1016Ω.m等级的非常高的电阻率的电介质材料层。这些堆叠体在它们可容易被划伤和损坏的意义上来说通常是脆弱的。当该涂层被刮伤时，金属层具有被暴露并因此构成腐蚀问题的入口点的风险。因此，堆叠体必须被沉积在被认为是内部的面上，并且因此最少地从层压窗玻璃中暴露，也就是说在第一玻璃片材的面2或第二玻璃片材的面3上。在制造这种层压玻璃的方法期间，当堆叠体对刮擦敏感时，将瓷漆条带沉积在未被堆叠体涂覆的玻璃片材上。因此，如果功能层的叠层被设置于第一玻璃片材上，则将瓷漆条带施加到第二片材上，反之亦然。最通常，堆叠体被设置于面3上，因此瓷漆条带因此在面1或2上。以这种方式，外周瓷漆条带可以通过普通丝网印刷技术进行施加，而不关心任何一种涂层，因为它被沉积在未被涂覆的片材上。在大多数当前功能化的机动车辆窗玻璃中，层的堆叠体因此位于面3上，和瓷漆条带在面2上，这使得可以掩蔽层堆叠体的边缘空白(démargement)。然而，在这种结构中，塑料元件，如后视镜或雨检测器的支持件被粘附到面4上，因此直接粘附到玻璃上，也就是说在相对光滑的表面上，其在粘合时可能存在困难。一些制造商试图避免将这些元件直接粘附到玻璃上，并且希望能够将它们粘附到瓷漆条带上，瓷漆条带因此有助于粘附，同时保持粘合剂的保护功能免受紫外线辐射和掩蔽连接元件。本发明正是属于在该框架中，本发明提出一种用于制造层压玻璃的方法，其中瓷漆条带被设置玻璃片材上，在该玻璃片材上已经沉积了功能层堆叠体。根据本发明的方法有利地使得可以获得其中功能层的堆叠体被设置于面3上和瓷漆条带被设置于面4上的层压窗玻璃。
根据本发明的方法是用于制造用于机动交通工具的层压玻璃的方法，该层压玻璃包含至少一个与交通工具的外界接触的第一玻璃片材，与交通工具的内部接触的第二玻璃片材和位于该两个玻璃片材之间的热塑性中间层，所述片材中的至少一个被提供有包含多个对刮擦敏感的功能层的薄层堆叠体，所述方法包括以下步骤：
a.在第一或第二玻璃片材的一个面上沉积薄层堆叠体，
b.以支撑于支持件上的形式使该涂覆有薄层堆叠体的面定位，
c.将液体瓷漆沉积在步骤a)中使用的玻璃片材的未涂覆面的区域上，该瓷漆的组合物具有小于10Pa.s的粘度，
d.加热该玻璃片材最高至500-650℃的温度以进行弯曲或成型，
e.在第一和第二玻璃片材之间设置热塑性中间层，
f.在真空下使组装件脱气，然后
g.使组装件密封和高压灭菌。
在本发明的意义上，第一玻璃片材是其面1与交通工具的外界接触的片材和第二玻璃片材与交通工具的内部(乘客舱一侧)接触的玻璃片材。
优选地，薄功能层的堆叠体被沉积在第二玻璃片材的面上，该面在制备之后将与热塑性中间层接触。因此，该堆叠体有利地在面3上。该方法的步骤a)通过使用用于沉积薄功能层的常规沉积技术来进行。可以提及通常使用的磁控管阴极溅射。优选地，堆叠体的薄层中的至少一个是银层。
步骤b)在于以支撑于支持件上的方式来设置该涂覆有薄层堆叠体的玻璃片材，使得与支持件接触的面是在其上在步骤a)期间沉积了该薄功能层堆叠体的面。有利地，该支持件是吸盘工作台，其允许支撑该玻璃片材而不损坏对刮擦敏感的薄层堆叠体。根据另一个实施方案，在支持件上的保持可以通过具有吸盘型支撑装置的自动机器人进行实施。
该方法的步骤c)对应于在与在其上已经沉积了薄功能层堆叠体的玻璃片材相同的玻璃片材上但是在与涂覆有该薄层堆叠体的面相反的面上沉积瓷漆的步骤。如果堆叠体有利地在面3上，则步骤b)在于将瓷漆沉积在第二玻璃片材的面4上。瓷漆的沉积通过喷涂或通过幕涂或辊涂来进行。优选地，通过用毛刷或刷子涂覆来进行瓷漆的沉积，该刷子连续地用瓷漆组合物供料。希望沉积的瓷漆层的形状，尺寸和数量取决于窗玻璃旨在的用途。通常，在窗玻璃的四周上以条带的形式进行该沉积，该条带的长度可变但足以掩蔽位于窗玻璃下方的元件，例如电连接和/或加热元件。沉积在窗玻璃上的瓷漆组合物的粘度必须小于10Pa.s，以便能够通过用毛刷或刷子的涂覆来施加。这是因为，如果粘度过高，则使用的沉积技术不允许获得均匀的沉积物。更优选地，在步骤c)期间施加的瓷漆组合物的粘度为2-5Pa.s。如果瓷漆组合物的粘度过低，例如小于1Pa.s，则待施加的产品是过液态的，并且具有在该方法的不同步骤之间运输该窗玻璃的过程中的流动的风险。
在根据本发明的方法中，可以使用已知用于机动车辆应用的任何类型的瓷漆组合物，其最通常为黑色的，只要其粘度与所用的沉积方法是相容的。
这种瓷漆沉积的步骤c)优选地通过至少一个自动施用机器人来进行，所述机器人具有至少一个连续地供给瓷漆组合物的刷子或毛刷类型的进料头。作为刷子的代替，可以将进给进料头装配有也允许进行瓷漆的沉积的毛毡或泡沫。施用机器人还有利地设置有允许将被涂覆的面保持支撑在支持件上的工具。因此它可以是与步骤b)中使用的相同的自动机器人，并且具有至少两个不同的臂，一个用于支撑，另一个用于施加瓷漆。瓷漆的沉积步骤c)也可以由设置有至少两个进料头的一个或多个机器人进行实施，以便在整个窗玻璃上同时进行瓷漆的印刷，每个进料头进行在窗玻璃的一部分上的沉积。这种构造特别地允许使用其臂具有较小尺寸的机器人。
在步骤c)结束时，玻璃片材之一因此在一个面上具有薄功能层的堆叠体，和在另一个面上具有瓷漆条带。
窗玻璃的两个构成片材随后经受加热步骤直至在500℃至650℃之间的温度，以便使它们弯曲或成型。该温度对应于玻璃片材的软化点，玻璃片材这时可以被弯曲。
一旦被弯曲，玻璃片材如此可以进行直接组装，而不需要进行使沉积在具有薄功能层堆叠体的玻璃片材上的瓷漆干燥和预焙烧的特定步骤。因此，在使层压窗玻璃弯曲的步骤期间直接进行干燥和焙烧。
根据本发明的方法的步骤e)至g)对应于层压玻璃的组装的通常步骤。两个玻璃片材进行定位以使得热塑性中间层位于两个玻璃片材之间。所述一个或多个玻璃片材的包含薄层堆叠体的面是朝向热塑性中间层(面2和/或面3)的面。在密封和高压灭菌之前，将组装件真空脱气。例如，通过将层压窗玻璃的组装件放置在硅树脂外壳内进行脱气，将该外壳内部的空气通过真空泵排出。在步骤g)期间，将放置在真空袋中的组装件加热到大约80℃的温度，然后该组装件的最终粘合在高压灭菌步骤发生。从真空袋中提取的窗玻璃在约90分钟的时间段期间经受例如12巴的静水压和135℃的温度的周期，以除去所有残留的空气。
本发明还涉及能够通过如上所述的方法获得的包含至少两个玻璃片材和热塑性中间层的层压窗玻璃。根据本发明的窗玻璃包含被对刮擦敏感的功能层堆叠体和至少一个瓷漆条带，该功能层堆叠体被设置于至少一个玻璃片材的朝向热塑性中间层的面上，该瓷漆条带在该相同玻璃片材的另一个面上。因此，通过使用上面定义的术语，涂层在面3上，和瓷漆在面4上。任选的用于薄功能层的连接所需的元件，例如集电条，也称为母线（或根据通常使用的英语术语学“busbar”），也被设置于窗玻璃的面3上。根据本发明的窗玻璃使得以下变得可行：使位于交通工具的乘客舱内部的元件直接粘附在位于朝向内部的面(面4)上的瓷漆上。
热塑性中间层可以例如是由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚氨酯、聚乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚氯乙烯、硅氧烷或树脂制成的膜。
薄功能层堆叠体可以为玻璃提供防反射，半反射性，导电和/或日光控制等的性能。
根据本发明的窗玻璃还可以包含在不包括薄功能层堆叠体并且朝向热塑性中间层的玻璃片材的面上的瓷漆条带。因此，窗玻璃的面2可以包含用于掩蔽薄层堆叠体边缘空白(démargement)的瓷漆条带。该瓷漆条带可以通过喷涂或窗帘或辊涂来沉积。
下面的附图举例说明了本发明，而不限制其范围。
图1是根据本发明的窗玻璃的剖视图。该窗玻璃包括两个玻璃片材F1和F2。片材F1具有旨在朝向交通工具的外界的第一面(1)和朝向热塑性中间层(5)的第二面(2)。第二片材F2具有朝向热塑性中间层(5)的面(3)和旨在朝向交通工具的乘客舱内部的面(4)。由图标(6)表示的薄功能层的堆叠体位于窗玻璃的面(3)上。根据本发明的方法使得可以在片材F2的面(4)上沉积由图标(7)表示的瓷漆条带，在本情况下为外围瓷漆条带。在图1中所示的窗玻璃中，在窗玻璃(F1)的面(2)的周边已经沉积了另一个瓷漆条带(8)，以便掩蔽位于薄层堆叠体的边缘空白区(9)。
图2表示根据本发明的方法的一个实施方案。包含被沉积在面(3)上的薄功能层堆叠体(6)的玻璃片材F2由机器人(10)的臂(11)保持支撑，该臂允许借助于配有吸盘(13)的支持件(12)支撑玻璃片材F2。施用机器人(15)的臂(14)装备有用要沉积在面(4)上的瓷漆组合物连续供料的施加头(16)。

Claims (6)

1.制造用于机动交通工具的层压玻璃的方法，该层压玻璃至少包含与交通工具的外界接触的第一玻璃片材，与交通工具的内部接触的第二玻璃片材和位于该两个玻璃片材之间的热塑性中间层，所述玻璃片材的至少一个被提供有包含多个对刮擦敏感的功能层的薄层堆叠体，所述方法包括以下步骤：
a.在第一或第二玻璃片材的一个面上沉积薄层堆叠体，
b.以支撑于支持件上的形式使该涂覆有薄层堆叠体的面定位，
c.将液体瓷漆沉积于在步骤a)中使用的玻璃片材的未涂覆面的区域上，其中该瓷漆的组合物具有小于10Pa.s的粘度，
d.加热该玻璃片材至500-650℃的温度以进行弯曲或成型，
e.在第一和第二玻璃片材之间设置热塑性中间层，使得涂覆有薄层堆叠体的面朝向所述中间层，
f.在真空下使组装件脱气，然后
g.使该组装件密封和高压灭菌；
其中在步骤d之前不进行使沉积在具有薄功能层堆叠体的玻璃片材上的瓷漆干燥和预焙烧的步骤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤c)通过至少一个自动施用机器人来进行，所述机器人被装备有至少一个用瓷漆组合物连续地进行供料的刷子或画刷类型的进料头。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述机器人还装备有允许使经涂覆的面维持支撑在支持件上的装置。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤c)通过一个或多个装备有至少两个进料头的机器人进行实施，以便同时在窗玻璃整体上实施瓷漆印刷，每个进料头在窗玻璃的一部分上实施沉积。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤c)中沉积的瓷漆是液体组合物，其粘度为2至5Pa.s。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤a)中沉积的所述薄功能层堆叠体包括至少一个银层。
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