CN108025203B - 乒乓球及其制造方法 - Google Patents

乒乓球及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN108025203B
CN108025203B CN201680051864.3A CN201680051864A CN108025203B CN 108025203 B CN108025203 B CN 108025203B CN 201680051864 A CN201680051864 A CN 201680051864A CN 108025203 B CN108025203 B CN 108025203B
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table tennis
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P·多比
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Dai Catalon Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A63BAPPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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    • A63B39/00Hollow non-inflatable balls, i.e. having no valves
    • A63B2039/003Hollow non-inflatable balls, i.e. having no valves substantially hollow and pressureless
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63BAPPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2102/00Application of clubs, bats, rackets or the like to the sporting activity ; particular sports involving the use of balls and clubs, bats, rackets, or the like
    • A63B2102/16Table tennis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种乒乓球,其具有中空球体(1),该中空球体通过两个半球形的壳(2,3)在实施在所述壳的自由边缘上的两个互补的嵌槽(5,6)处胶接而形成,所述嵌槽每个都具有一个径向支承面(7,8)和一个圆周支承面(9,10),所述径向支承面和圆周支承面布置成径向支承面(7,8)周向相对和圆周支承面(9,10)径向相对,所述圆周支承面每个都具有一个圆柱形部分(11,12)和一个圆锥形部分(14,15)。本发明也涉及一种用于制造这种乒乓球的制造方法。

Description

乒乓球及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及乒乓球运动用球以及这种球的制造方法。
背景技术
乒乓球具有中空球体,该中空球体可由两个单独成型的半球形壳制成,然后再边缘对边缘进行装配。
为此,公知地,在壳的自由边缘处实施两个互补的嵌槽,所述嵌槽用于能够控制所述装配的壳的相对定位,以便确保获得球的球形几何形状。
根据一个实施例,装配的壳的固定在嵌槽处通过胶接实施,尤其要避免会产生因壳的厚度薄而球变形的危险的供热。
壳通常用赛璐珞成型,但是,使用该材料不是没有危险,因为其具有高易燃性和毒性,尤其是因为制造时使用溶剂。
因此,除了一些国家禁止生产赛璐珞之外,国际乒乓球协会(ITTF)的规定趋向于用其壳由遵循一定的环境条件和安全条件的塑料制成的球取代赛璐珞球。
因此,已经研制出热塑性化合物,以使乒乓球具有与赛璐珞球类似的体育运动特征,特别是在反弹、旋转、摩擦或者硬度方面,尤其是为了符合国际乒乓球协会规定的比赛规范。
例如,公知地,文献JP-56130329提出一种乒乓球,其球体由两个半球形的壳制成,每个半球形的壳都由一种塑性材料注塑模制而成。
特别是,该文献提出在壳的自由边缘处形成两个嵌槽,每个嵌槽都具有一个径向支承面和一个圆柱形支承面。壳的装配由圆柱形支承面无间隙地径向相对实施,以及由径向支承面周向支承地实施,以便获得确保期望的球形几何形状的壳的定位。
但是,由于嵌槽的装配无间隙进行,因此,其支承面的圆柱形几何形状难以嵌装以形成球形主体。
另外,为使壳通过胶接固连在一起,适于在装配之前在至少一个嵌槽的支承面上布置胶合剂,在所述装配时,所述胶合剂在所述嵌槽之间流动。但是,装配时,圆柱形支承面之间的干扰会导致胶合剂在嵌槽交界面上的不良分布,尤其会不利于壳装配的保持可靠性。
因此,除了嵌槽交界面处间隙增大、不利于使球具有良好球度之外,壳的公知胶接固定存在装配问题以及尤其是使用时所述装配的保持可靠性问题。
本发明旨在通过提出一种具有两个半球形的壳的乒乓球来改进现有技术,该壳的自由边缘配有嵌槽,嵌槽的几何形状适于便于装配所述壳同时确保其保持可靠性。
发明内容
为此,根据第一方面,本发明提出一种乒乓球,其具有中空球体,该中空球体通过两个半球形的壳在实施在所述壳的自由边缘上的两个互补的嵌槽处胶接而形成,所述嵌槽每个都具有一个径向支承面和一个圆周支承面,径向支承面和圆周支承面布置成径向支承面周向相对和圆周支承面径向相对,所述圆周支承面每个都具有一个圆柱形部分和一个圆锥形部分。
根据第二方面,本发明提出一种用于制造这种乒乓球的制造方法,所述制造方法包括:
-成型两个半球形的壳,每个壳具有一个自由边缘,在自由边缘上形成有一个嵌槽,每个所述嵌槽具有一个径向支承面和一个圆周支承面,圆周支承面具有圆柱形部分和圆锥形部分;
-将胶合剂布置在至少一个嵌槽上;
-通过使径向支承面周向相对地布置以及使圆周支承面径向相对地布置,在嵌槽处装配所述壳。
附图说明
在下面参照附图所作的说明中,本发明的其他特征和优点将显示出来,在附图中:
-图1是根据本发明的一实施方式的乒乓球的示意图;
-图2是图1所示的球的纵剖面图;
-图2a是图2的放大图,更具体地示出球的半球形壳的装配区域。
具体实施方式
下面参照这些附图说明乒乓球,其具有中空球体1,该中空球体由两个尺寸相同的半球形的壳2、3形成,所述壳在其自由边缘处同轴装配,形成一条圆形接合线4。
壳2、3的自由边缘配有互补的嵌槽5、6,其实施在所述自由边缘的整个周边上,用于在壳装配时使所述壳可靠地对齐和相对定位,尤其是确保球的良好球度,而接合线4很不明显。
根据所示的实施方式,嵌槽5、6分别向壳2、3的内部和外部定向,每个嵌槽都具有一个径向支承面7、8和一个圆周支承面9、10,所述径向支承面的外端部形成接合线4,所述圆周支承面尤其用于在装配时使所述壳定中心。
嵌槽5、6互补,尤其是径向支承面7、8周向相对地布置,圆周支承面9、10径向相对地布置。更准确地说,每个圆周支承面9、10具有一个圆柱形部分11、12,其从径向支承面7、8开始延伸,用于确保壳2、3在装配时定中心。
参照图2a,径向支承面7、8彼此周向支承,而圆柱形部分11、12从所述径向支承面的内端部尤其按90°的角度延伸,大致具有相同的直径,以便无间隙地径向相对布置。
根据一个有利的实施例,壳2、3用一种热塑性材料单独注塑模制而成,然后面对面地布置以通过握持工具进行装配。
优选地,壳2、3的模制在高压下实施,例如在高于65巴/平方厘米的高压下实施,允许获得所述壳的精密尺寸和物理特征,以及根据所需的外观可调的外表面13,例如光亮表面、无光泽表面或者毛糙面。
另外,壳2、3的模制可以通过一个阀式热喷嘴型注塑系统无边角料地进行,尤其是用于避免球上出现任何痕迹以及用于减少材料损耗。优选地,为了避免壳2、3在其装配之前的任何修复工序,嵌槽5、6在模制时制成,使每个壳2、3的模型分别具有被包容式和包容式型腔。
具体地,模型布置成壳2、3在装配之后的尺寸是,球体1的厚度在0.20毫米至1.3毫米之间,直径在38.5毫米至45毫米之间,视所需球的使用而定。
例如,为了符合国际乒乓球协会(ITTF)要求的比赛标准,对于2.7克的球重来说,球体1可具有40.0毫米的直径和大致等于0.5毫米的厚度。
有利地,壳2、3用不包含赛璐珞的热塑性材料形成,以避免着火的危险以及在制造球时减少使用污染物。
热塑性材料具有的性能用于使制成的球的体育运动特征类似于赛璐珞球的体育运动特征,尤其是为了符合国际乒乓球协会规定的“三星”分类标准,以及可用于训练和/或比赛。
具体地,热塑性材料具有机械性能,可使乒乓球在实际体育运动条件下,具有最佳的击球冲击力、击球声、反弹力和抗冲击强度。为此,提出使用尤其具有密度小于1.22的热塑性材料,以使球体1的厚度用于获得要求的球重。
另外,根据ISO 527标准,材料的弹性模量和抗拉应力分别在2300至3000兆帕之间以及25至80兆帕之间,根据ISO 179标准,却贝冲击强度为20至90千焦耳/平方米之间。
有利地,热塑性材料包括至少一种弹性体材料,例如丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)和/或丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯酸盐共聚物(ASA),或者类似的弹性体材料,可在球的抗冲击强度与变形之间获得最佳比率,以便具有令人满意的能量恢复系数。
为了提高抗冲击强度,同时保持材料的弹性模量,热塑性材料也可包括聚碳酸酯(PC)。优选地,热塑性材料由ABS和/或ASA的均匀混合物形成,该混合物具有以重量计含量在40%至50%之间的聚碳酸酯。
另外,ABS/PC或者ASA/PC的化合物尤其适于高压注塑模制以形成壳2、3,便于实施同时减少污染物的使用以及爆裂或者起火的危险。
此外,根据所需的特征,热塑性材料可以不进行交联、不加载其他材料和/或没有增强剂。在实施变型中,热塑性材料可以加载玻璃纤维和/或通过加入交联添加剂进行交联,或者改变所述热塑性材料的化学结构。
模制后,通过胶接将壳2、3固连到嵌槽5、6处,所述胶接尤其可避免会产生因所述壳的厚度薄而球变形的危险的供热。
尤其是,胶合剂均匀地间置在嵌槽5、6的支承面7-10的交界面处,以确保整个所述交界面上的装配密封性。为此,例如用一个在所述嵌槽上自动定位的喷嘴,将胶合剂布置在至少一个嵌槽5、6的支承面7-10的周边(tour)上。
为了有利于嵌槽5、6之间胶合剂的最佳分布,在布置胶合剂和/或装配时,至少一个壳2、3可以旋转移动。
为便于装配,圆周支承面9、10每个都具有一个圆锥形的第二部分14、15。尤其是,在嵌槽5、6套装时,内嵌槽6的圆锥形部分15和外嵌槽5的圆柱形部分11确保壳2、3在装配时定中心。
另外,为了提高装配的保持可靠性,圆锥形部分14、15相互间形成一个用于容纳胶合剂的间隙16,从而可增大嵌槽5、6之间的胶合剂量,而不影响球体1的球形几何形状。
尤其是,在装配时,胶合剂在圆锥形部分14、15之间形成的间隙16内流动,同时可使壳2、3在径向支承面7、8和圆柱形部分11、12处对齐和定中心。
为此,间隙16的尺寸D大于圆柱形部分11、12的直径之差。尤其是,间隙16的尺寸D足以使一部分胶合剂在径向支承面7、8和圆柱形部分11、12分别周向和径向支承时,布置在所述间隙中并在所述间隙中流动。
根据所示的实施方式,每个嵌槽5、6从外向内相继具有径向支承面7、8、圆柱形部分11、12、然后是圆锥形部分14、15。
参考图2a,壳2的外嵌槽5具有沿所述外嵌槽连续延伸的一个径向支承面7、一个圆柱形部分11和一个圆锥形部分14,所述圆锥形部分直接从所述圆柱形部分的上端开始延伸。
壳3的内嵌槽6具有一个圆周支承面10,其圆锥形部分15和圆柱形部分12通过一个径向凸肩17相连接,径向凸肩用于限定圆锥形部分14、15之间的间隙16的尺寸D。因此,圆锥形部分14、15具有相同的圆锥角,该圆锥角用于使每个嵌槽5、6具有一定的厚度,尤其是可保持球的机械强度。
根据一个有利的实施例,圆柱形部分11、12每个都具有厚度e1、e2,厚度e1和e2之和大于壳2、3的标称厚度e。因此,限制接合线4处机械断裂的危险,圆柱形部分12的厚度e2相对于标称厚度e减小的值小于圆柱形部分11的厚度e1的值。
尤其是,厚度e1和厚度e2之和可大于厚度e的110%,尤其是在厚度e的110%至130%之间。另外,为了提高机械强度,厚度e2可大于厚度e1,尤其是在厚度e1的150%至250%之间。
参考图2a,内嵌槽6的自由边缘具有基部部分18,圆周支承面10从该基部部分延伸,所述基部部分的厚度从每个圆柱形部分11、12的厚度e1、e2之和减小直至壳2、3的标称厚度e。
尤其是,基部部分18具有内扁平部分19,减小的厚度限定在所述内扁平部分与壳3的外球形表面13之间,圆锥形部分15的圆锥角可尤其是根据形成壳2、3的材料,获得具有期望机械强度所需的厚度e2
至于外嵌槽5的自由边缘,其具有圆周支承面9从其延伸的基部部分20,所述基部部分的厚度始终等于标称厚度e,所述基部部分由壳2的两个球形母线限定。
优选地,相对于间隙16中含有的胶合剂量来说,圆锥形部分14、15的长度大于圆柱形部分11、12的长度,尤其是在所述圆柱形部分的长度的150%至300%之间。
更具体地,圆锥形部分14、15的长度在0.8毫米至1.2毫米之间,所述圆锥形部分之间形成的间隙16的尺寸D在0.03毫米至0.07毫米之间。另外,每个径向支承面7、8的长度可以在壳2、3的标称厚度e的15%至45%之间。
在壳2、3的标称厚度大致等于0.5毫米的情况下,例如可配置长度分别为0.16毫米和0.5毫米的一个径向支承面7、8和一个圆柱形部分11、12,圆锥形部分14、15之间的间隙16的尺寸D为0.05毫米,所述圆锥形部分在1毫米的高度上延伸。
在壳2、3装配之后,可配置一道清除工序,用于清除球体1的外表面13上、尤其是所述壳的接合线4处可能存在的过量胶合剂。因此,外表面13例如可用一个滚光设备或者振动球磨机进行磨光。
最后,在制造结束时,可配置一道控制乒乓球的特征的工序,尤其是在乒乓球的球度、反弹、重量和/或抗压缩力方面。

Claims (24)

1.一种乒乓球,其具有中空球体(1),中空球体通过两个半球形的壳(2,3)在实施在所述壳的自由边缘上的两个互补的嵌槽(5,6)处胶接而形成,所述嵌槽每个都具有一个径向支承面(7,8)和一个圆周支承面(9,10),径向支承面和圆周支承面布置成径向支承面(7,8)周向相对和圆周支承面(9,10)径向相对,所述乒乓球的特征在于,圆周支承面(9,10)每个都具有一个圆柱形部分(11,12)和一个圆锥形部分(14,15)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的乒乓球,其特征在于,圆柱形部分(11,12)每个都具有一厚度(e1,e2),圆柱形部分的厚度之和大于壳(2,3)的标称厚度(e)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的乒乓球,其特征在于,内嵌槽(6)的自由边缘具有基部部分(18),圆周支承面(10)从基部部分延伸,所述基部部分的厚度从每个圆柱形部分(11,12)的厚度(e1,e2)之和减小直至壳(2,3)的标称厚度(e)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的乒乓球,其特征在于,基部部分(18)具有内扁平部分(19)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的乒乓球,其特征在于,圆锥形部分(14,15)相互间形成一个间隙(16),间隙的尺寸D大于圆柱形部分(11,12)的直径之差。
6.根据权利要求1所述的乒乓球,其特征在于,胶合剂布置在嵌槽(5,6)的径向和圆周支承面(7-10)的交界面处。
7.根据权利要求1所述的乒乓球,其特征在于,每个嵌槽(5,6)从外向内相继具有径向支承面(7,8)、圆柱形部分(11,12)、然后圆锥形部分(14,15)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的乒乓球,其特征在于,至少一个嵌槽(5,6)的径向支承面(7,8)、圆柱形部分(11,12)和圆锥形部分(14,15)连续延伸。
9.根据权利要求5所述的乒乓球,其特征在于,至少一个圆周支承面(9,10)具有一个使圆锥形部分(14,15)连接于圆柱形部分(11,12)的径向凸肩(17),所述径向凸肩用于限定圆锥形部分(14,15)之间的间隙(16)的尺寸D。
10.根据权利要求1所述的乒乓球,其特征在于,圆锥形部分(14,15)具有相同的圆锥角。
11.根据权利要求1所述的乒乓球,其特征在于,圆锥形部分(14,15)的长度大于圆柱形部分(11,12)的长度。
12.根据权利要求1所述的乒乓球,其特征在于,径向支承面(7,8)的长度在壳(2,3)的标称厚度(e)的15%至45%之间。
13.根据权利要求1所述的乒乓球,其特征在于,圆柱形部分(11,12)具有相同的直径,以便无间隙地径向相对布置。
14.根据权利要求1所述的乒乓球,其特征在于,径向支承面(7,8)彼此周向支承。
15.根据权利要求1所述的乒乓球,其特征在于,壳(2,3)以不包含赛璐珞的热塑性材料制成。
16.根据权利要求15所述的乒乓球,其特征在于,热塑性材料包括至少一种弹性体材料。
17.根据权利要求15或16所述的乒乓球,其特征在于,热塑性材料包括聚碳酸酯。
18.根据权利要求17所述的乒乓球,其特征在于,热塑性材料包括ABS和/或ASA与以重量计含量在40%至50%之间的聚碳酸酯的混合物。
19.根据权利要求1所述的乒乓球,其特征在于,圆锥形部分(14,15)的长度在所述圆柱形部分(11,12)的长度的150%至300%之间。
20.根据权利要求16所述的乒乓球,其特征在于,所述至少一种弹性体材料选自ABS和ASA。
21.一种用于制造根据权利要求1至20中任一项所述的乒乓球的制造方法,其特征在于,所述制造方法包括:
-成型两个半球形的壳(2,3),每个壳具有一个自由边缘,在所述自由边缘上形成有一个嵌槽(5,6),每个所述嵌槽具有一个径向支承面(7,8)和一个圆周支承面(9,10),圆周支承面具有圆柱形部分(11,12)和圆锥形部分(14,15);
-将胶合剂布置在至少一个嵌槽(5,6)上;
-通过使径向支承面(7,8)周向相对地布置以及使圆周支承面(9,10)径向相对地布置,在嵌槽(5,6)处装配壳(2,3)。
22.根据权利要求21所述的制造方法,其特征在于,壳(2,3)由热塑性材料注塑模制而形成。
23.根据权利要求21或22所述的制造方法,其特征在于,胶合剂布置在至少一个嵌槽(5,6)的支承面(7-10)的周边上,在布置胶合剂时和/或在装配所述壳时,至少一个壳(2,3)旋转移动,以便有利于胶合剂分布在所述嵌槽之间。
24.根据权利要求21所述的制造方法,其特征在于,所述制造方法还包括一道清除工序,用于清除中空球体(1)的外表面(13)上可能存在的过量胶合剂。
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