CN108023073B - 一种低温钠离子电池正极材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- MECMQNITHCOSAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese titanium Chemical group [Ti].[Mn] MECMQNITHCOSAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Mn]O[Mn]=O GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 3
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004436 sodium atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明属电化学技术领域,具体为一种低温钠离子电池正极材料及其制备方法。本发明的低温钠离子电池正极材料为锰钛二元金属氧化物,其化学式为Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O2‑x F x ,0<x≤0.2。该电极材料采用固相合成法制备。该正极材料具有优越的耐低温性能,可以在‑30℃~80℃下工作,在‑20℃下仍有40~110 mAh/g可逆容量。该正极层状材料比能量高,循环性能良好,适用温度范围广,制备方法简单,是一种优良的钠离子电池正极材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属电化学技术领域,具体涉及可用钠离子电池的耐低温正极活性材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
近几年锂离子电池飞速发展,已经广泛应用到各行各业。但人们需求日益增加与锂源储量贫瘠直接制约着锂离子电池发展,尤其是大规模储电,例如能源汽车和智能电网的发展,对二次电池的发展提出了新的要求。钠原子与锂原子具有相似的原子结构和化学性质,而且全球钠元素的储量及其丰富,所以人们迫切希望用钠离子电池代替或者部分代替锂离子电池。将钠离子电池应用到极端环境,例如低温环境,成为了钠离子电池正极材料的巨大挑战,因此寻找新的钠离子电池正极材料变得非常迫切。
本发明利用固相合成法制备了新型钠离子电池正极材料Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O2-x F x (0<x≤0.2),是一种具有正交晶系的新型层状正极材料,是具有较高充放电容量良好循环性能和优越的耐低温的钠离子电池正极材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种电化学性能好,且耐低温的钠离子电池正极材料及其制备方法。
本发明提出的耐低温钠离子电池正极材料,为锰钛二元金属氧化物,其化学式为Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O2-x F x (0<x≤0.2)。组成金属氧化物的锰钛氟的元素比例符合0.66:0.34:x。经研究表明,此类正极材料具有良好的电化学性能,快速充放电性能良好,优越的耐低温性能,可作为高性能低温钠离子电池的正极材料。到目前为止还没有关于此类钠离子电池正极材料及其制备的报道。
本发明提出的耐低温钠离子电池正极材料Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O2-x F x (0<x≤0.2)为粉末形式,其一次颗粒尺寸在2~5 μm。
本发明提出的耐低温钠离子电池正极材料Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O2-x F x (0<x≤0.2)的制备方法,使用固相合成法,具体步骤如下:
将Na2CO3、Mn2O3、NaF和TiO2按照Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O2-x F x (0<x≤0.2)的化学计量比混合,研磨后,用球磨机球磨10~20 h,将球磨后的混合物置入管式炉中,在800~1100 ℃加热10~20h,冷却到室温,即获得Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O2-x F x (0<x≤0.2)样品。
本发明中,Na0.66Mn0.66Ti 0.34 O2-x F x (0<x≤0.2)晶体结构和物相由X射线衍射(XRD)确定。衍射结果表明该方法制备的Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O2-x F x (0<x≤0.2)样品是单一纯相,属于正交晶系,空间群为Pbam,属于Tunnel结构层状材料。
本发明中,将Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O2-x F x (0<x≤0.2)材料涂覆在铝箔上,制成电极,作为钠离子电池的正极。将70%的样品,20%导电炭黑均匀分散到10%PVDF的NMP溶液里。均匀涂覆在铝箔上,经过干燥后,冲成直径为14 mm的圆形电极片。
本发明中,Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O2-x F x (0<x≤0.2)电化学性能测试采用由三电极组成的钠离子电池系统。其中,Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O2-x F x (0<x≤0.2)作为工作电极,钠箔作为对电极和参比电极。电解液为1M NaClO4+EC+DEC+PC (VEC:VDEC:VPC=1:1:1),电池在充满氩气的手套箱内进行组装。该钠离子电池的电池性能在蓝电(Land)电池测试系统上进行。
本发明中,利用固相合成法合成的Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O2-x F x ,具有较好的充放电性能,在电压范围1.5 ~ 3.8V(vs. Na+/Na)和电流密度10~150mA/g时,具有优良的充放电性能和循环稳定性,平均充放电平台在1.5-3.6 V之间,具有较高的能量密度。并具有优越的耐低温性能,可逆容量约为50~120 mAh/g,可以在-30℃~ 80℃下工作,在-20℃下仍有40 ~110 mAh/g可逆容量。该正极层状材料比能量高,循环性能良好,适用温度范围广,制备方法简单,是一种优良的钠离子电池正极材料。
附图说明
图1为Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O1.97F0.03和Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O1.94F0.06的XRD图。
图2为Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O1.94F0.06电极在各个温度下的放电曲线。
具体实施方式
实施例1,
用Na2CO3、Mn2O3、NaF和TiO2作为前驱体,按照Na:Mn:Ti : F为0.66:0.66:0.34:0.03的比例混合,球磨12h后,将获得的混合物在管式炉中,于900℃烧12h,降温后即可获得Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O1.97F0.03样品。
XRD表征表明(见附图1),合成的Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O1.97F0.03是单一相,属于正交晶系,空间群为Pbam。将70%的样品,20%导电炭黑均匀分散到10%PVDF的NMP溶液里。均匀涂覆在铝箔上,经过干燥后,冲成直径为14 mm的圆形电极片。将该圆形电极片作为工作电极,以钠箔作为对电极组成纽扣电池。其电解液为1M NaClO4+EC+DEC+PC (VEC:VDEC:VPC=1:1:1),在充满氩气的手套箱中装配电池。电池的恒电流充放电测试在Land电池测试系统上进行。Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O1.97F0.03在1.5~3.8V(vs. Na+/Na)的电化学窗口内,充放电可逆容量为60~90mAh/g,在-20℃下仍保持50-70mAh/g的可逆容量。
实施例2
用Na2CO3、Mn2O3、NaF和TiO2作为前驱体,按照Na :Mn:Ti : F为0.66 : 0.66 :0.34 : 0.06的比例混合,球磨12 h后,将获得的混合物在管式炉中,于900℃烧12 h,降温后即可获得Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O1.94F0.06样品。
XRD表征表明(见附图1),合成的Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O1.94F0.06是单一相,属于正交晶系,空间群为Pbam。将70%的样品,20%导电炭黑均匀分散到10% PVDF的NMP溶液里。均匀涂覆在铝箔上,经过干燥后,冲成直径为14 mm的圆形电极片。将该圆形电极片作为工作电极,以钠箔作为对电极组成纽扣电池。其电解液为1M NaClO4+EC+DEC+PC (VEC:VDEC:VPC=1:1:1),在充满氩气的手套箱中装配电池。电池的恒电流充放电测试在Land电池测试系统上进行。Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O1.94F0.06在1.5 ~ 3.8 V(vs. Na+/Na)的电化学窗口内,充放电可逆容量为50 ~ 80mAh/g,在-20℃下仍保持40-60mAh/g的可逆容量。
Claims (3)
1.一种低温钠离子电池正极材料,其特征在于,为锰钛二元金属氧化物,其化学式为Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O2-xFx,0.06≤x≤0.2;
所述的低温钠离子电池正极材料的制备方法,将Na2CO3、Mn2O3、NaF和TiO2按照Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O2-xFx的化学计量比混合,研磨,用球磨机球磨10~20h,将球磨后的混合物置入管式炉中,在800~1100℃加热10~20h,冷却到室温,即获得电池正极材料样品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低温钠离子电池正极材料,其特征在于,为粉末形式,其一次颗粒尺寸在2~5μm。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的低温钠离子电池正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,将Na2CO3、Mn2O3、NaF和TiO2按照Na0.66Mn0.66Ti0.34O2-xFx的化学计量比混合,研磨,用球磨机球磨10~20h,将球磨后的混合物置入管式炉中,在800~1100℃加热10~20h,冷却到室温,即获得电池正极材料样品。
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CN106450260B (zh) * | 2016-09-26 | 2019-08-13 | 电子科技大学 | 锂离子电池正极材料LiCo1-x-yVxMgyO2-yFy及其制备方法 |
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