CN107984856A - 一种冬暖夏凉的双面面料及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种冬暖夏凉的双面面料及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN107984856A
CN107984856A CN201711310373.9A CN201711310373A CN107984856A CN 107984856 A CN107984856 A CN 107984856A CN 201711310373 A CN201711310373 A CN 201711310373A CN 107984856 A CN107984856 A CN 107984856A
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郑小华
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种冬暖夏凉的双面面料及其制备工艺，属于复合材料领域，包括上下叠加黏合的散热层和保温层，所述散热层与所述保温层之间经防水透气的TPU层黏合，所述散热层至少含有20～40重量份聚酯纤维、5～20重量份碳材料或/和其他高辐射率材料和40～70重量份棉纤维；所述保温层由竹纤维复合材料与棉纤维组成。本发明的有益效果是：采用保温层和散热层两层叠加黏合，利用保温层和散热层的辐射率差异，使保温层在外侧时，双面面料具体良好的保温保暖效果；当散热层在外侧时，双面面料具有良好的散热效果，从而实现了同一种面料可以同时用于冬夏两季，具有冬暖夏凉的效果。

Description

一种冬暖夏凉的双面面料及其制备工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料领域，尤其涉及一种冬暖夏凉的双面面料及其制备工艺。
背景技术
保暖性是指人体着装以后，当环境温度较低时，防止人体散热的功能，或对人体保温的性质。服用材料对人体保暖的性能，来自于材料纤维的形态和性能，以及服装材料的结构与性能。如果是服装，还与服装的形态和组成相关，所以，服装的保暖性受到了多种综合因素的影响。然而服装材料的保暖性是服装保暖性的主体，也是最能主观调节服装保暖性的因素。
辐射率是指衡量物体表面以辐射的形式释放能量相对强弱的能力。物体的辐射率等于物体在一定温度下辐射的能量与同一温度下黑体辐射能量之比。黑体的辐射率等于1，其他物体的辐射率介于0和1之间。辐射率仅仅与物体表面的性质(成分、结构)有关。在定给温度条件下，任何物体的辐射率在数值上等于此物体的吸收率。因此，如果可以控制辐射率，让它在需要放热的时候变高，需要降温的时候变低，就可以改变人体对外辐射热量的多少，进而实现衣物帮助人体保温还是散热的调控。文献《a dual-mode textile for humanbody radiative heating and cooling》报导了一种利用铜和乙炔黑两种辐射率不同的材料制备保温材料，但是其柔韧性和大面积可穿戴性还有待改进和加强，此外，耐磨、耐洗性还急需提高。
发明内容
为克服现有技术中存在的同一面料只适用于冬天或夏天、功能性差、适用范围窄等问题，一方面，本发明旨在提供了一种冬暖夏凉的双面面料，用于服装面料，具有保持人体体温恒定、适用于春夏秋冬四季，具有冬暖夏凉的功效，其包括上下叠加黏合的散热层和保温层，所述散热层与所述保温层之间经防水透气的TPU层黏合，所述散热层至少含有20～40重量份聚酯纤维、5～20重量份碳材料或/和其他高辐射率材料和40～70重量份棉纤维；所述保温层由竹纤维复合材料与棉纤维组成。
优选地，所述竹纤维复合材料由80～95重量份竹纤维和5～15重量份铜材料和0～15重量份的其他低辐射率的材料组成。
优选地，所述铜材料为铜纳米材料，包括铜纳米颗粒和纳米铜线中的一种或两种。
优选地，所述铜材料为纳米铜线。
优选地，所述竹纤维复合材料占所述保温层总重量的40～60％。
优选地，所述散热层还包括低于10重量份的压电陶瓷粉末。
优选地，所述碳材料为石墨烯、碳纳米管、乙炔黑、科琴黑或Cabot碳材料。
优选地，所述其他高辐射材料为电瓷、SiC、Cr2O3及氮化物中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
优选地，所述竹纤维复合材料可以是竹纤维复合长丝或竹纤维复合短纤维，其细度为1～3D,优选为2.5D。
优选地，所述散热层和保温层可以是机织布、针织布或无纺布，如若是无纺布，优选为水刺无纺布。
优选地，所述散热层中优选聚酯纤维的细度为1.5D，长度为38mm；棉纤维的长度优选为长度为31～38mm的长绒棉；所述碳材料或/和其他高辐射率材料优选通过浸轧处理包覆于所述聚酯纤维和棉纤维表面。
优选地，所述碳材料或/和其他高辐射率材料也可以为纤维状，如碳纤维，其细度为3D、长度为28～35mm。
另一方面，本发明还提供了一种上述冬暖夏凉的双面面料的制备工艺，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：将聚酯纤维和棉纤维按比例混合、开松，再加入碳材料或/和其他高辐射率材料，混合均匀，编织成机织布散热层、针织布散热层或无纺布散热层；
步骤二：将铜材料或/和其他低辐射率的材料以及抗氧化剂搅拌混合均匀，然后加入至竹纤维中，经捏合机混合，双螺杆挤出机挤出、纺丝箱体纺丝得到竹纤维复合材料；
步骤三：将竹纤维复合材料与棉纤维编织成机织布保温层、针织布保温层或无纺布保温层；
步骤四：将机织布散热层、针织布散热层或无纺布散热层与机织布保温层、针织布保温层或无纺布保温层黏合，黏合胶水采用防水透气的TPU高分子材料。
优选地，步骤二中所述捏合机的捏合温度为170～200℃，时间为10～30分钟
优选地，步骤二中纺丝温度为250～260℃，纺丝速度为1000～1200m/min。
优选地，所述铜材料或/和其他低辐射率的材料、抗氧化剂以及竹纤维在捏合机捏合前，先经两次研磨机进行研磨，控制内部颗粒直径最大为1～3μm。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
(1)采用保温层和散热层两层叠加黏合，散热层由辐射率超高的碳材料或/和其他高辐射率材料和常见的纤维组成，而保温层由辐射率较低的铜材料或/和其他辐射率较低的材料和天然竹纤维材料组成，利用保温层和散热层的辐射率差异，使保温层在外侧时，双面面料具体良好的保温保暖效果；当散热层在外侧时，双面面料具有良好的散热效果；从而实现了同一种面料可以同时用于冬夏两季，具有冬暖夏凉的效果；
(2)双面面料中，碳纤维等高辐射材料的辐射率高达1，高于大部分的常规衣服面料的辐射率(0.8左右)，这个数字意味着常规衣物只能以固定的散热量来为人体提供保温；当散热层朝外时，辐射散失的热量会大于体内的产热，从而导致体表温度的下降；而铜材料或/和其他低辐射率材料则接近0.3，当这一层朝外时，辐射散失的热量会小于体内的产热，从而起到比常规面料好得多的保温效果，此时，压电陶瓷还能使散热层中的材料产热，达到最优的保温效果；
(3)采用棉纤维制成，十分亲肤且含有竹纤维，不仅接触皮肤具有凉感，十分适合炎热夏季使用，而且具有天然杀菌作用，有益于健康；此外采用TPU高分子材料进行黏合，具有极佳的生物相容性、无毒、无过敏反应，且透气性好；
(4)竹纤维的横截面凹凸变形，布满了近似于椭圆形的孔隙，呈高度中空，毛细管效应极强，具有优异的吸附性能，能够大量吸附低辐射率颗粒，进而使低辐射材料均匀吸附在竹纤维上。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例一：
本实施例中双面面料的制备工艺，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：将40重量份聚酯纤维和40重量份棉纤维按比例混合、开松，再加入10重量份碳材料或/和其他高辐射率材料以及3重量份的压电陶瓷粉末，混合均匀，编织成机织布散热层；
步骤二：将5重量份的铜材料或/和其他低辐射率的材料以及2重量份的抗氧化剂搅拌混合均匀，然后加入至85重量份的竹纤维中，经捏合机混合，双螺杆挤出机挤出、纺丝箱体纺丝得到竹纤维复合长丝，其中捏合温度170℃，时间为10min；纺丝温度为260℃，纺丝速度为1000m/min；
步骤三：将60重量份的竹纤维复合材料与40重量份的棉纤维编织成机织布保温层；
步骤四：将机织布散热层与机织布保温层黏合，黏合胶水采用防水透气的TPU高分子材料。
实施例二：
本实施例中双面面料的制备工艺，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：将20重量份聚酯纤维和70重量份棉纤维按比例混合、开松，再加入20重量份碳材料或/和其他高辐射率材料以及5重量份的压电陶瓷粉末，混合均匀，编织成针织布散热层；
步骤二：将15重量份的铜材料或/和其他低辐射率的材料以及1重量份的抗氧化剂搅拌混合均匀，然后加入至95重量份的竹纤维中，经捏合机混合，双螺杆挤出机挤出、纺丝箱体纺丝得到竹纤维复合长丝，其中捏合温度200℃，时间为15min；纺丝温度为270℃，纺丝速度为1100m/min；
步骤三：将40重量份的竹纤维复合材料与40重量份的棉纤维编织成针织布保温层；
步骤四：将针织布散热层与针织布保温层黏合，黏合胶水采用防水透气的TPU高分子材料。
实施例三：
本实施例中双面面料的制备工艺，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：将30重量份聚酯纤维和60重量份棉纤维按比例混合、开松，再加入12重量份碳材料或/和其他高辐射率材料以及8重量份的压电陶瓷粉末，混合均匀，编织成无纺布散热层；
步骤二：将8重量份的铜材料或/和其他低辐射率的材料以及3重量份的抗氧化剂搅拌混合均匀，然后加入至80重量份的竹纤维中，经捏合机混合，双螺杆挤出机挤出、纺丝箱体纺丝得到竹纤维复合长丝，其中捏合温度180℃，时间为20min；纺丝温度为270℃，纺丝速度为1200m/min；
步骤三：将45重量份的竹纤维复合材料与50重量份的棉纤维编织成无纺布保温层；
步骤四：将无纺布散热层与无纺布保温层黏合，黏合胶水采用防水透气的TPU高分子材料。
实施例四：
本实施例中双面面料的制备工艺，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：将25重量份聚酯纤维和55重量份棉纤维按比例混合、开松，再加入10重量份碳材料或/和其他高辐射率材料以及2重量份的压电陶瓷粉末，混合均匀，编织成机织布散热层；
步骤二：将14重量份的铜材料或/和其他低辐射率的材料以及2重量份的抗氧化剂搅拌混合均匀，然后加入至88重量份的竹纤维中，经捏合机混合，双螺杆挤出机挤出、纺丝箱体纺丝得到竹纤维复合长丝，其中捏合温度180℃，时间为20min；纺丝温度为270℃，纺丝速度为1200m/min；
步骤三：将55重量份的竹纤维复合材料与45重量份的棉纤维编织成无纺布保温层；
步骤四：将机织布散热层与无纺布保温层黏合，黏合胶水采用防水透气的TPU高分子材料。
实施例四：
本实施例中双面面料的制备工艺，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：将38重量份聚酯纤维和65重量份棉纤维按比例混合、开松，再加入6重量份碳材料或/和其他高辐射率材料以及10重量份的压电陶瓷粉末，混合均匀，编织成针织布散热层；
步骤二：将12重量份的铜材料或/和其他低辐射率的材料以及2重量份的抗氧化剂搅拌混合均匀，然后加入至88重量份的竹纤维中，经捏合机混合，双螺杆挤出机挤出、纺丝箱体纺丝得到竹纤维复合长丝，其中捏合温度180℃，时间为20min；纺丝温度为270℃，纺丝速度为1200m/min；
步骤三：将40重量份的竹纤维复合材料与55重量份的棉纤维编织成无纺布保温层；
步骤四：将针织布散热层与无纺布保温层黏合，黏合胶水采用防水透气的TPU高分子材料。
上述说明示出并描述了本发明的优选实施例，如前所述，应当理解本发明并非局限于本文所披露的形式，不应看作是对其他实施例的排除，而可用于各种其他组合、修改和环境，并能够在本文所述发明构想范围内，通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。而本领域人员所进行的改动和变化不脱离本发明的精神和范围，则都应在本发明所附权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种冬暖夏凉的双面面料，其特征在于，包括上下叠加黏合的散热层和保温层，所述散热层与所述保温层之间经防水透气的TPU层黏合，所述散热层至少含有20～40重量份聚酯纤维、5～20重量份碳材料或/和其他高辐射率材料和40～70重量份棉纤维；所述保温层由竹纤维复合材料与棉纤维组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种冬暖夏凉的双面面料，其特征在于，所述竹纤维复合材料由80～95重量份竹纤维和5～15重量份铜材料和0～15重量份的其他低辐射率的材料组成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种冬暖夏凉的双面面料，其特征在于，所述铜材料为铜纳米材料，包括铜纳米颗粒和纳米铜线中的一种或两种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种冬暖夏凉的双面面料，其特征在于，所述铜材料为纳米铜线。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种冬暖夏凉的双面面料，其特征在于，所述竹纤维复合材料占所述保温层总重量的40～60％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种冬暖夏凉的双面面料，其特征在于，所述散热层还包括低于10重量份的压电陶瓷粉末。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种冬暖夏凉的双面面料，其特征在于，所述碳材料为石墨烯、碳纳米管、乙炔黑、科琴黑或Cabot碳材料。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种冬暖夏凉的双面面料，其特征在于，所述其他高辐射材料为电瓷、SiC、Cr2O3及氮化物中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
9.一种根据权利要求1～8任一项所述冬暖夏凉的双面面料的制备工艺，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：将聚酯纤维和棉纤维按比例混合、开松，再加入碳材料或/和其他高辐射率材料，混合均匀，编织成机织布散热层、针织布散热层或无纺布散热层；
步骤二：将铜材料或/和其他低辐射率的材料以及抗氧化剂搅拌混合均匀，然后加入至竹纤维中，经捏合机混合，双螺杆挤出机挤出、纺丝箱体纺丝得到竹纤维复合材料；
步骤三：将竹纤维复合材料与棉纤维编织成机织布保温层、针织布保温层或无纺布保温层；
步骤四：将机织布散热层、针织布散热层或无纺布散热层与机织布保温层、针织布保温层或无纺布保温层黏合，黏合胶水采用防水透气的TPU高分子材料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种冬暖夏凉的双面面料的制备工艺，步骤二中所述捏合机的捏合温度为170～200℃，时间为10～30分钟。
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CN110843293A (zh) * 2019-11-05 2020-02-28 上海工程技术大学 具有散热和保温的面料及其制备方法
CN111139639A (zh) * 2020-01-09 2020-05-12 江苏大学 一种室外保温复合材料及其制备方法与应用
CN111485431A (zh) * 2019-01-27 2020-08-04 广州山木新材料科技有限公司 一种疏水凉感面料的染整工艺

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CN111485431A (zh) * 2019-01-27 2020-08-04 广州山木新材料科技有限公司 一种疏水凉感面料的染整工艺
CN110843293A (zh) * 2019-11-05 2020-02-28 上海工程技术大学 具有散热和保温的面料及其制备方法
CN110843293B (zh) * 2019-11-05 2021-11-19 上海宝鸟服饰有限公司 具有散热和保温的面料及其制备方法
CN111139639A (zh) * 2020-01-09 2020-05-12 江苏大学 一种室外保温复合材料及其制备方法与应用
CN111139639B (zh) * 2020-01-09 2022-10-28 江苏大学 一种室外保温复合材料及其制备方法与应用

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