CN107973828B - 基于糖氧苷类荧光探针、合成方法及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于糖氧苷类荧光探针、合成方法及其应用。所述的荧光探针经过四步反应得到,具有反应原料廉价易得,反应步骤少,产率高等特点。本发明揭示了所述基于糖氧苷荧光探针的多种用途,包括:1.铁离子的检测,由于该荧光探针为螺环结构无荧光,而在加入铁离子后,发射出强烈的红色荧光;2.Job’s Plot曲线,利用Job’s Plot分析该探针对铁离子的结合比。3.离子竞争实验,探讨了其它几种常见的阳离子存在下,探针的竞争性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于糖氧苷的荧光探针及其制备方法和用途,具体的说,涉及一种具有罗丹明B结构的糖氧苷类荧光探针化合物、合成方法及其应用。
背景技术
铁作为生物系统中最基本的元素之一,在动植物的生物系统中起着举足轻重的作用。铁离子作为辅因子广泛存在于蛋白质和酶中,如氧化还原催化剂。铁离子的缺乏和过量都将导致生命系统的紊乱,所以体内外对铁离子的检测非常重要。铁离子因为其顺磁性的特点而会淬灭荧光,这使通过荧光信号来检测铁离子非常难。
碳水化合物又叫做糖类化合物,是多羟基醛、多羟基酮及其缩聚物和某些衍生物的总称,一般由碳、氢、氧三种元素组成。近年来,随着现代分离、分析技术的进步及生物学研究的不断深入,人们对糖类化合物的重要性有了越来越多的认识,解决了糖类复杂结构的鉴定难题。糖由于其天然高水溶性、低毒性和高生物相容性,常被用于设计合成羰基荧光探针,对于发展糖类探针具有重要的意义。
氧杂蒽类中的罗丹明系列衍生物,具有激发和发射波长在可见光区,较高的荧光量子产率,较大的摩尔消光系数等优点。罗丹明因其内酯环结构的“开-闭”环平衡体系可以形成良好的荧光开关,而成为目前使用最广泛的探针之一。罗丹明类荧光探针通常是无色的,并且是无荧光的,当加入分析物时,螺环打开,颜色变成粉红色并释放出强荧光,所以常被用作生物及化学工程方面的“裸眼”探针。
近年来,基于罗丹明的“开-闭”环机理识别金属离子的光学传感器技术由于其优异的选择性和高灵敏度等特点而被广泛用于金属离子检测、荧光免疫分析和细胞成像等领域。可用于铁离子识别的光学传感器虽然已有一些报道,如Xiang等人(Organic Letters,2006,8(8):1549-1552.)报道了一种含有双罗丹明B基团的Fe3+光学传感器,由于其分子量大,同时水溶性差的特点,而被用于乙醇中离子的检测;Tea和Bae(Tetrahedron Letters,2007,48(31):5389-5392.)设计合成了一个基于罗丹明的荧光物质,该物质在甲醇和乙腈1:1(v/v)体系中对Fe3+有较高的灵敏度和选择性;Kim等人(Chemical Communications,2010,46(9):1407-1409.)将罗丹明6G与2-羟基-5-硝基苯甲醛通过可水解的亚胺键连接在一起,用于水溶液中Fe3+的检测,但是其检出限是0.1mM。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于糖氧苷的荧光探针及其制备方法。
本发明的另一目的是将该荧光探针应用于铁离子的检测。
实现本发明的技术解决方案是:一种基于糖氧苷的荧光探针,所述荧光探针具有如下结构:
上述目标化合物RDG1的合成,包括如下步骤:
罗丹明B异羟肟酸,碳酸钾加入到干燥丙酮中,向该溶液中缓慢滴加四乙酰基-1-溴-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖的丙酮溶液,溶液搅拌过夜,浓缩,柱层析得到目标化合物RDG1,其中,罗丹明B异羟肟酸结构如下:
进一步的,罗丹明B异羟肟酸与碳酸钾的摩尔比为1:3—1:4,碳酸钾与四乙酰基-1-溴-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖的摩尔比为1:1-1:1.2。
进一步的,柱层析中石油醚与乙酸乙酯的体积比为6:1-3:1。
上述目标化合物RDG2的合成,包括如下步骤:
将化合物RDG1,甲醇钠,甲醇加入到容器中,氮气保护,常温搅拌过夜,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,粗品经柱层析得到目标化合物RGD2。
进一步的,化合物RDG1与甲醇钠的摩尔比为1:3-1:5。
进一步的,柱层析中乙酸乙酯与甲醇的体积比为3:1-1:1。
上述合成的基于糖氧苷的荧光探针在检测水中铁离子的应用。
本发明具有以下明显优点:(1)一种脂溶性荧光探针和一种水溶性荧光探针。(2)两种荧光化合物对铁离子具有明显的选择性,与铁离子结合后溶液变成粉红色,发出强烈荧光。(3)在多种阳离子的干扰下,两种探针具有很好的竞争性,有开发实际应用的潜质。
附图说明
图1基于糖的荧光探针化合物RDG1对不同阳离子的紫外光谱图。
图2基于糖的荧光探针化合物RDG1对不同阳离子的荧光光谱图。
图3基于糖的荧光探针化合物RDG1的荧光滴定图。
图4基于糖的荧光探针化合物RDG1的紫外滴定图。
图5基于糖的荧光探针化合物RDG1的荧光竞争实验柱状图。
图6基于糖的荧光探针化合物RDG1检测铁离子的Job’s Plot曲线。
图7基于糖的荧光探针化合物RDG2对不同阳离子的荧光光谱图。
图8基于糖的荧光探针化合物RDG2的荧光滴定图。
图9基于糖的荧光探针化合物RDG2的荧光竞争实验柱状图。
图10pH对基于糖的荧光探针化合物RDG2检测铁离子的影响。
具体实施方式
以下提供本发明一种基于糖氧苷的荧光化合物的合成及其在铁离子检测方面的应用测试。
本发明化合物的合成路线如下,首先以罗丹明B为原料,合成相应的罗丹明内酯(2),经过酰氯化后与羟胺反应,合成罗丹明B异羟肟酸(3),再与2,3,4,6-O-四乙酰基-1-溴-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖反应合成全乙酰化的氧苷罗丹明B化合物RDG1,最后经过甲醇钠脱保护后得到化合物RDG2。
实施例1
化合物2的制备
罗丹明B溶解在1mol·L-1的氢氧化钠水溶液中,搅拌过夜。乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,分别用1mol·L-1的氢氧化钠水溶液和盐水洗,干燥,浓缩得到化合物2,产率为90%。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.99(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.60(m,2H),7.21(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.56(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),6.44(d,J=2.5Hz,2H),6.33(dd,J=8.9,2.6Hz,2H),3.35(q,J=7.1Hz,8H),1.16(t,J=7.1Hz,12H).
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ168.9,152.4,152.0,148.6,133.4,128.2,128.0,127.0,123.8,123.2,107.1,105.0,96.7,85.9,43.5,11.6ppm.
实施例2
化合物3的制备
向溶解在二氯甲烷中的化合物2溶液中缓慢加入POCl3,回流6h,冷却,浓缩得到紫红色油状物,无需提纯,直接投入下一步。
将该油状物溶解在干燥乙腈中,在0℃缓慢加入到含有盐酸羟胺和三乙胺溶液中,N2保护,在室温下搅拌2天,出现白色固体,过滤除去白色固体,旋蒸除去溶剂,柱层析得到化合物3,产率72%。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.87(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.52–7.42(m,2H),7.13(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),6.58(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.49(d,J=2.1Hz,2H),6.34(dd,J=8.9,2.5Hz,2H),3.40(q,J=7.0Hz,8H),1.23(t,J=7.0Hz,12H).
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ162.6,152.8,149.8,148.0,131.6,127.9,127.1,122.7,121.9,107.0,103.4,97.2,65.0,43.4,11.7ppm.
实施例3
化合物5的制备
将五乙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖溶解在干燥二氯甲烷中,在0℃下,加入HBr-AcOH(33%W/W)溶液,最终混合物在0℃下搅拌30min,置于室温下搅拌过夜,将反应混合物倒入冰水中,萃取,有机层分别用NaHCO3水溶液和盐水萃取,干燥,浓缩得到化合物5,产率98.6%。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ6.61(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),5.56(t,J=9.7Hz,1H),5.16(t,J=9.8Hz,1H),4.84(dd,J=10.0,4.0Hz,1H),4.31(m,2H),4.15–4.10(m,1H),2.10(s,3H),2.10(s,3H),2.05(s,3H),2.04(s,3H).
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ170.3,169.5,169.4,169.4,83.2,72.7,71.9,67.8,65.0,61.3,20.6,20.5,20.4ppm.
实施例4
化合物RDG1的制备
罗丹明B异羟肟酸,碳酸钾加入到干燥丙酮中,向该溶液中缓慢滴加四乙酰基-1-溴-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖的丙酮溶液,溶液搅拌过夜,浓缩,柱层析得到化合物RDG1,产率73%。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.89(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.44(m,2H),7.01(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.54(dd,J=8.8,3.8Hz,2H),6.26–6.37(m,5H),5.05–4.98(m,2H),4.88(t,J=9.3Hz,1H),4.58(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.02(dd,J=12.1,3.7Hz,1H),3.79(dd,J=12.0,2.1Hz,1H),3.30–3.38(m,8H),3.14(d,J=9.8Hz,1H),2.09(s,3H),2.06(s,3H),1.94(s,3H),1.93(s,4H),1.17(m,12H).
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ169.62,169.26,168.62,168.13,165.36,152.45,152.34,150.74,147.92,147.65,132.67,127.82,127.71,127.31,126.14,123.16,122.16,106.89,106.59,104.20,103.89,103.60,96.80,96.68,71.92,70.69,68.20,67.07,65.48,60.42,43.35,19.70,19.55,11.63ppm.
HRMS(EI+):m/z calcd for C42H50N3O12[M+H]+788.3389;found 788.3399.
实施例5
化合物RDG2的制备
将RDG1,甲醇钠,甲醇加入到25mL圆底烧瓶中,氮气保护,常温搅拌过夜,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,粗品经柱层析得到化合物RGD2,产率80%。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.93(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.57(t,J=7.5,1.1Hz,1H),7.51(t,J=7.4,6.8Hz,1H),7.12(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.47(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),6.41(d,J=6.2Hz,3H),6.30(t,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.28(t,J=2.2Hz,1H),5.86(s,1H),4.45(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.54(s,1H),3.46(t,J=9.0Hz,1H),3.35(m,9H),3.20(s,1H),3.12(t,J=9.1Hz,1H),3.09–2.98(m,2H),2.55(s,1H),1.79(s,1H),1.18(m,12H).
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ154.8,137.4,137.1,135.7,127.4,127.4,127.5,127.4,126.9,126.6,81.8,78.0,75.5,73.8,72.2,69.6,67.6,66.3,55.3,40.7,9.9ppm..
HRMS(EI+):m/z calcd for C34H42N3O8[M+H]+620.2966;found 620.2972.
实施例6
RDG1荧光探针检测阳离子的紫外和荧光光谱。
由于RDG1化合物没有水溶性的基团,因此该探针检测体系是在乙腈溶液中进行。荧光和紫外测试条件均为:探针浓度2.0×10-5mol/L,金属离子的浓度为探针的10equiv.。荧光探针RDG1的激发波长为510nm,狭缝宽度除特殊说明外均为(3,3)。
探针RDG1对不同离子的紫外光谱图如图1所示,在不添加离子时,探针RDG1在500nm以上没有紫外吸收,说明探针RDG1在溶液中的主要存在形式是螺环型。当加入10equiv.铁离子时,溶液立即变红,且在560nm处出现很强的紫外吸收峰,这是铁离子引起的开环作用所致。当加入其它离子时,如:Hg2+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Pb2+,Ni2+,Co3+,Cu2+,Ba2+,Ag+,Cd2 +,Zn2+,K+,Na+,Cr3+并没有很明显的紫外吸收,当加入Al3+时,溶液有一些淡红色,同时产生很弱的紫外吸收。为了更好地说明该荧光探针在水中的选择性,同样地,我们检测了探针RDG1(2.0×10-5mol/L)在分别加入10equiv.的不同金属离子的荧光强度变化。如图2所示,在测试体系中,探针RDG1在500nm以上没有荧光光谱,加入10equiv.的铁离子时,溶液由无色转变成粉红色,同时在582nm处产生很强的荧光光谱。当加入其它离子时,溶液不能变成粉红色。这些结果表明,探针RDG1可以作为裸眼探针检测铁离子。
实施例7
荧光探针化合物RDG1对铁离子的荧光和紫外滴定实验。
测试Fe3+的加入量对荧光探针的荧光和紫外光谱的影响是有必要的。实验进一步测试了不同浓度的Fe3+的加入对荧光探针RDG1的荧光强度的变化,样品的浓度为2.0×10- 5mol/L,如图3所示,溶液的荧光强度随着Fe3+浓度的增加而增加,当加入到2.0×10-5mol/L的Fe3+时,荧光强度达到最大,随后趋于平衡。这个结果表明了一定浓度的荧光探针对Fe3+的检测是有饱和限度的。此外,铁离子的加入对RDG1的紫外可见光谱的影响见图4,可以看出,随着铁离子的逐渐增加,吸光度也随之增加,当铁离子的加入量为2.0×10-5mol/L,趋于平衡,吸光度不再增加。
实施例8
荧光探针化合物RDG1的荧光竞争实验。
为了进一步探究探针RDG1的选择性,我们研究了测试体系中的荧光竞争实验。荧光实验通过比较加入10equiv.其它不同离子和随后加入10equiv.的铁离子前后的荧光强度变化,结果通过柱状图5来表示,由图可知,在向探针RDG1(2.0×10-5mol/L)中加入其它离子时,没有或微弱的荧光变化,而在加入10equiv.的铁离子后,荧光显著增强,通过荧光变化,可以将铁离子和其它离子区分开来。再向其它离子溶液中加入等当量的铁离子后,荧光始终有显著变化,说明其它离子并不影响荧光探针RDG1对铁离子的检测,因此该探针具有很好的离子选择性,能在复杂环境中对铁离子进行检测,有开发实际应用的潜质。
实施例9
荧光探针RDG1与Fe3+的结合比测试实验。
为了研究化合物RDG1与Fe3+在测试体系中的结合比情况,实验利用紫外滴定和Job’s-Plot曲线来确定。探针和铁离子的总浓度为4×10-5mol/L,改变铁离子的配比从0-1。从图6可以看出,在总浓度不变条件下,化合物RDG1与不同浓度的Fe3+混合后的荧光强度变化,发现[Fe3+]/([Fe3+]+[RDG1])的值为0.5时,溶液的紫外吸收达到最大值,说明化合物RDG1与Fe3+反应的结合比为1:1。
实施例10
RDG2荧光探针检测阳离子的荧光光谱。
由于RDG2化合物有多个水溶性的基团,因此该探针检测体系是在水溶液中进行。测试条件为:探针浓度1.0×10-5mol/L,金属离子的浓度为探针的5equiv.。荧光探针RDG2的激发波长为530nm,狭缝宽度除特殊说明外均为(5,5)。
如图7所示,在不添加离子时,探针RDG2在500nm以上没有紫外吸收,说明探针RDG1在溶液中的主要存在形式是螺环型。当加入10equiv.铁离子时,溶液立即从无色变成粉红色,同时在575nm处有很强的荧光光谱。当加入其它离子时,如:Hg2+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Pb2+,Ni2+,Al3 +,Co3+,Cu2+,Ba2+,Ag+,Cd2+,Zn2+,K+,Na+,Cr3+并没有颜色变化,也没有产生明显的荧光光谱。这些结果表明,探针RDG2可以作为裸眼探针检测铁离子。
实施例11
荧光探针化合物RDG2对铁离子的荧光滴定实验。
实验进一步测试了不同浓度的Fe3+的加入对荧光探针RDG2的荧光强度的变化,样品的浓度为1.0×10-5mol/L,如图8所示,溶液的荧光强度随着Fe3+浓度的增加而增加,当加入到5.0×10-5mol/L的Fe3+时,荧光强度达到最大,随后趋于平衡。这个结果表明了一定浓度的荧光探针对Fe3+的检测是有饱和限度的。
实施例12
荧光探针化合物RDG2的荧光竞争实验。
为了进一步探究探针RDG2的选择性,我们研究了测试体系中的荧光竞争实验。荧光实验通过比较加入5equiv.其它不同离子和随后加入5equiv.的铁离子前后的荧光强度变化,结果通过柱状图9来表示,由图可知,在向探针RDG2(1.0×10-5mol/L)中加入其它离子时,没有或微弱的荧光变化,而在加入5equiv.的铁离子后,荧光显著增强,通过荧光变化,可以将铁离子和其它离子区分开来。再向其它离子溶液中加入等当量的铁离子后,荧光始终有显著变化,说明其它离子并不影响荧光探针RDG2对铁离子的检测,因此该探针具有很好的离子选择性,能在复杂环境中对铁离子进行检测,有开发实际应用的潜质。
实施例13
pH对荧光探针化合物RDG2检测铁离子的影响。
由于溶液中的H+在达到一定的浓度后,会导致罗丹明衍生物的螺环打开。为将探针更好的应用于实际,我们进一步研究了在pH范围在3-11时,探针RDG2在加入铁离子前后的荧光变化。如图10所示,可以看出探针RDG2在浓度为10-5mol/L时,在pH值4-11范围内,荧光强度变化是及其微弱的,可以忽略不计。然而,加入5equiv.的铁离子后,由于螺环打开,荧光增强明显(pH=3-7)。当pH>7时,荧光强度显著降低。说明探针RDG2在实际样品中检测铁离子的最佳pH范围为4–7。
Claims (8)
3.如权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于,罗丹明B异羟肟酸与碳酸钾的摩尔比为1:3-1:4,碳酸钾与四乙酰基-1-溴-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖的摩尔比为1:1-1:1.2。
4.如权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于,柱层析中石油醚与乙酸乙酯的体积比为6:1-3:1。
5.如权利要求1所述的通式(Ⅱ)的合成方法,其特征在于,将通式(Ⅰ)的化合物,甲醇钠,甲醇加入到容器中,氮气保护,常温搅拌过夜,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,粗品经柱层析得到通式(Ⅱ)的目标化合物。
6.如权利要求5所述的合成方法,其特征在于,通式(Ⅰ)的化合物与甲醇钠的摩尔比为1:3-1:5。
7.如权利要求5所述的合成方法,其特征在于,柱层析中乙酸乙酯与甲醇的体积比为3:1-1:1。
8.如权利要求1所述的基于糖氧苷的荧光探针在检测水中铁离子的应用。
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