CN107973770A - 一种氰基取代的螺环类延迟荧光材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种氰基取代的螺环类延迟荧光材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种氰基取代的螺环类延迟荧光材料的制备方法,该方法构筑的螺芴氧杂蒽的氰基衍生物材料作为一类延迟荧光发光材料应用于OLED器件。该系列材料结构如下:其中,R1,R2相同或不同,具体为氢、甲基、乙基等烷基基团或叔丁基;DCNSFX为R1=R2=氢时对应的结构。该材料具有螺环结构具有的较高的热稳定性和良好的成膜性以及较低的合成成本等优势,可用于有机电致发光等有机电子学领域。将其与商业化材料4,4′,4″‑三(咔唑‑9‑基)三苯胺(TCTA)以质量比1∶1掺杂,实现了有效的激基复合物型热激发延迟荧光的绿色发光。
Description
技术领域
本发明具体涉及一种氰基取代的螺环类激基复合物热激活延迟荧光受体材料的制备方法,并涉及这些材料在有机电致发光等领域的应用,属于有机半导体材料技术领域。
背景技术
自从20世纪80年代华裔科学家邓青云以8-羟基喹啉铝(Alq3)作为双层有机电致发光器件的发光层,首次实现了直流电压驱动的有机电致发光二极管器件(OLEDs)以来,关于有机发光二极管(OLEDs)的研究一直不断突破。近年来,OLED的相关技术逐渐成熟,有望成为下一代显示技术。
延迟荧光机理,特别是热激活延迟荧光(TADF)的提出,使得荧光类材料重新成为研究热点。小分子荧光发光材料相对磷光材料具有低成本、易合成的优势,延迟荧光发光机理的提出又进一步解决了其效率低的缺陷。使得小分子荧光材料有望推动OLED商业化和低成本化进程。在激基复合物热激活延迟荧光的研究报道中,大多数的分子结构集中在苯胺类、苯基吡啶类非螺环结构化合物上。关于螺环化合物和氰基基团在激基复合物热激活延迟荧光研究中的报道很少。
基于此,我们以可廉价、高效制备的螺芴氧杂蒽为骨架,通过低毒的氰基化反应构筑氰基取代的螺环发光材料。基于氰基的强吸电子特性和螺环材料的空间位阻效应,可实现对材料发光效率和能级的有效调控。在此基础上,我们通过将这系列化合物与商业化材料4,4′,4″-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯胺(TCTA)掺杂,实现了稳定的激基复合物发光,通过光物理和瞬态表征,证明该激基复合物发光具有热激活延迟荧光性质。实现了氰基取代的螺环类化合物在激基复合物热激活延迟荧光中的应用。在拓展了螺环类化合物的应用领域的同时也拓展了激基复合物热激活延迟荧光材料的来源。同时,该材料具有合成成本低、热稳定性好等优点,螺环类化合物以其特殊的十字交叉空间位阻结构,使其能够有效的抑制热激活延迟荧光材料普遍存在的发光猝灭和器件效率滚降问题,在未来的有机发光材料领域有很好的成本优势和性能优势。这种材料体系的开发也有利于我们更好地认识和理解热激活延迟荧光(TADF)的机制和分子设计。
发明内容
技术问题:本发明的目的在于提出一种氰基取代的螺环类激基复合物热激活延迟荧光受体材料的制备方法。拓展热激活延迟荧光材料的适用范围和材料体系,加深对热激活延迟荧光材料的机制和分子设计的理解。指出了该材料在有机电致发光等有机电子以及分子电子领域中的应用。
技术方案:本发明的氰基取代的螺环类延迟荧光材料是基于螺[芴-9,9′-氧杂蒽]SFX的氰基取代材料,具有如下结构:
其中,R1,R2相同或不同,具体为氢、甲基、乙基等烷基基团或叔丁基。
其中:
氰基取代的螺环类延迟荧光材料通过绿色低毒的方法一步制备获得,2,3’,6’7-四氰基螺芴氧杂蒽TCNSFX的制备方法如下:
称取2,3’,6’,7-四溴螺芴氧杂蒽和三水亚铁氰化钾、碳酸钾、醋酸钯和四丁基溴化铵于反应瓶中,循环抽真空数次,再将N,N-二甲基甲酰胺注入反应瓶中,150℃下反应24h,冷却,加入二氯甲烷后搅拌,抽滤后将滤液蒸干上样进行柱层析分离,以石油醚:乙酸乙酯梯度洗脱即可获得产物TCNSFX。
DCN-RSFX的制备方法如下:
其中,R1,R2相同或不同,具体为氢、甲基、乙基等烷基基团或叔丁基;
称取DBr-RSFX和三水亚铁氰化钾、碳酸钾、醋酸钯和四丁基溴化铵于反应瓶中,循环抽真空数次,再将N,N-二甲基甲酰胺注入反应瓶中,150℃下反应24h,冷却,加入二氯甲烷后搅拌,抽滤后将滤液蒸干上样进行柱层析分离,以石油醚:乙酸乙酯梯度洗脱即可获得产物DCN-RSFX。
DCNSFDBX的制备方法如下:
称取DBrSFDBX和三水亚铁氰化钾、碳酸钾、醋酸钯和四丁基溴化铵于反应瓶中,循环抽真空数次,再将N,N-二甲基甲酰胺注入反应瓶中,150℃下反应24h,冷却,加入二氯甲烷后搅拌,抽滤后将滤液蒸干上样进行柱层析分离,以石油醚:乙酸乙酯梯度洗脱即可获得产物DCNSFDBX。
本发明的氰基取代的螺环类延迟荧光材料的应用为:该材料和4,4′,4″-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯胺TCTA以质量比1∶1掺杂后,能够有效地呈现激基复合物型热激发延迟荧光的绿色发光;其器件结构为:铟锡氧化物ITO阳极/电子传输层/发光层/空穴传输层/金属阴极Al,其中发光层为4,4′,4″-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯胺TCTA与发光材料以1∶1的掺杂比混合蒸镀,阴极通过真空镀膜技术制备。
有益效果:通过核磁共振(NMR)、气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对所获材料的结构进行表征,通过热重分析和差热分析测试了材料的热稳定性,通过紫外-可见分光和荧光分析测试了材料的吸收和发光性能,通过瞬态光谱测试其掺杂薄膜的荧光寿命,通过积分球方法测试其荧光量子效率。
热重分析和差热分析测试显示该类材料具有较高的热稳定性与玻璃化转变温度;光谱测试表明这类材料通过和TCTA掺杂可实现稳定有效的激基复合物荧光发射;通过荧光寿命和量子效率测试表明在形成激基复合物的发射之后,荧光量子效率和荧光寿命均有明显提高。
这类材料可以应用于有机半导体器件等领域。氰基取代的螺环类发光材料适用于有机发光二极管的制备等。
在此基础上,设计了具有简单结构的有机发光二极管器件来评价该分子材料的实用性。其器件结构为:铟锡氧化物(ITO)阳极/电子传输层/发光层/空穴传输层/金属阴极(A1),其中发光层为4,4′,4″-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯胺(TCTA)与发光材料以1∶1的掺杂比混合蒸镀,阴极通过真空镀膜技术制备。实验结果表明:该材料显示了稳定的基于热激活延迟荧光的激基复合物发光与高效的器件效率,器件表现出较好的性能。
本发明的主要优点在于:
(1)原料廉价,合成方法简便,适于大量生产;
(2)材料具有较高的溶解性;
(3)螺芴化合物的空间位阻结构有利于改善目前TADF的效率滚降问题;
(4)材料可实现高效的激基复合物发光和优异的器件性能。
附图说明
图1.DCNSFX的核磁谱图。
图2.DCNSFDBX的核磁谱图。
图3.DCNSFX及其与TCTA掺杂的蒸镀薄膜荧光发射谱图。
图4.DCNSFDBX及其与TCTA掺杂的蒸镀薄膜的荧光发射谱图。
图5.基于DCNSFX、DCSFDBX的OLED的器件结构。
具体实施方式
该种氰基取代的螺环类激基复合物热激活延迟荧光受体材料是基于螺[芴-9,9′-氧杂蒽](SFX)的氰基取代材料,具有如下结构:
其中,R1,R2相同或不同,具体为氢、甲基、乙基等烷基基团或叔丁基;DCNSFX为R1=R2=氢时对应的结构。
该氰基取代的螺环类发光材料的合成路线,具体如下(以2,3’,6’,7-四氰基螺芴氧杂蒽(TCNSFX)为例):
合成步骤具体如下:
(1)预先准备好一已烘干的100mL的反应瓶、冷凝管连接好装置,向反应瓶中加入2,3’,6’,7-四溴螺芴氧杂蒽、三水亚铁氰化钾、醋酸钯、碳酸钠和四丁基溴化铵,抽真空充氮气三次;
(2)抽取N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂适量打入烧瓶,然后置于油浴锅中加热至150℃,搅拌反应回流24h。
(3)反应液用二氯甲烷溶解过滤得到粗产物,无水硫酸镁干燥,柱层析提纯得到产物TCNSFX。
本发明所述的氰基取代的螺环类发光材料可应用于有机电致发光器件,其器件结构为:铟锡氧化物(ITO)阳极/电子传输层/发光层/空穴传输层/金属阴极(A1),其中发光层为4,4′,4″-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯胺(TCTA)与发光材料以1∶1的掺杂比混合蒸镀,阴极通过真空镀膜技术制备。
为了更好地理解本发明专利的内容,下面通过具体的实例来进一步说明本发明的技术方案,具体包括合成、性质测定。但这些实施实例并不限制本发明。
实施例1.2,7-二氰基螺芴氧杂蒽(DCNSFX)的合成
称取2,7-二溴螺芴氧杂蒽,亚铁氰化钾,醋酸钯(0.1-0.5mol%),碳酸钠和四丁基溴化铵于两口瓶中,循环抽真空鼓氮气3次,然后氮气保护,用注射器向反应体系加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂(10ml),150℃下反应24h,冷却,加入二氯甲烷后搅拌,抽滤后将滤液蒸干上样进行柱层析分离,以石油醚:乙酸乙酯梯度洗脱即可获得产物DCNSFX,产率为75%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ7.95-7.93(d,J=8Hz,2H),7.74-7.72(d,J=8Hz,2H),7.49(s,2H),7.30-7.28(m,4H),6.85-6.81(m,2H),6.29-6.27(d,J=8Hz,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ155.93,151.20,141.93,132.49,129.84,129.37,127.11,123.81,121.70,121.62,118.42,117.65,113.32,54.60;GC-MS(EI-m/z):理论值382.11。
实施例2.2,3′,6′,7-四氰基螺芴氧杂蒽(TCNSFX)的合成
称取2,3′,6′,7-四溴螺芴氧杂蒽,亚铁氰化钾,醋酸钯(0.1-0.5mol%),碳酸钠和四丁基溴化铵于两口瓶中,循环抽真空鼓氮气3次,然后氮气保护,用注射器向反应体系加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂(10ml),150℃下反应24h,冷却,加入二氯甲烷后搅拌,抽滤后将滤液蒸干上样进行柱层析分离,以石油醚:乙酸乙酯梯度洗脱即可获得产物TCNSFX,产率为62%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ8.00-8.02(d,J=8Hz,2H),7.81-7.83(d,J=8Hz,2H),7.65(s,2H),7.44(s,2H),7.17-7.19(d,J=8Hz,2H),6.41-6.43(d,J=8Hz,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ154.02,150.56,141.85,133.56,129.52,128.57,127.87,126.47,122.42,121.69,117.80,117.26,114.03,113.75,54.14.;GC-MS(EI-m/z):理论值432.10,实测值432。
实施例3.2,7-二氰基螺芴苯并氧杂蒽(DCNSFDBX)的合成
称取2,7-二溴螺芴苯并氧杂蒽,亚铁氰化钾,醋酸钯(0.1-0.5mol%),碳酸钠和四丁基溴化铵于两口瓶中,循环抽真空鼓氮气3次,然后氮气保护,用注射器向反应体系加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂(10ml),150℃下反应24h,冷却,加入二氯甲烷后搅拌,抽滤后将滤液蒸干上样进行柱层析分离,以石油醚:乙酸乙酯梯度洗脱即可获得产物DCNSFDBX,产率为78%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ8.78-8.81(d,J=12Hz,2H),8.02-8.04(d,J=8Hz,2H),7.74-7.81(m,6H),7.61-7.65(t,J=16Hz,2H),7.51(s,2H),7.32-7.34(d,J=8Hz,2H),6.25-6.28(d,J=12Hz,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ156.77,146.12,142.10,133.90,132.73,130.38,127.85,127.48,126.97,124.68,124.15,123.96,121.88,118.40,114.82,113.41,54.82;GC-MS(EI-m/z):理论值482.14实测值482。
实施例4.DCNSFX和DCNSFDBX的薄膜荧光发射光谱的测定
将两种材料分别以真空蒸镀的方式在石英片基底上沉积20nm的净薄膜和以掺杂比1∶1与TCTA掺杂的薄膜。采用岛津UV-3150紫外可见光谱仪和RF-530XPC荧光光谱仪进行吸收光谱和发射光谱测定。光致发光光谱所用激发波长为320nm,DCNSFX和DCNSFDBX的最大发射峰分别为405、415nm。DCNSFX和DCNSFDBX与TCTA掺杂后的最大荧光发射峰分别为525、521nm。具体见附图4。
实施例5.DCNSFX和DCNSFDBX掺杂TCTA后的荧光发射光谱的测定
我们采用真空蒸镀的方式将氰基衍生物作为客体材料和相应的主体材料在石英片上混合沉积制备成相应的掺杂薄膜,这种掺杂薄膜的发射峰分别在493、508和502nm,与其纯薄膜的发射峰相比有了100nm左右的红移,并且发射峰峰宽甚至达到275nm。
实施例6.DCNSFX和DCNSFDBX掺杂TCTA后的荧光寿命的测定
在空气气氛下,对称氰基取代螺环芳烃DCNSFX和DCNSFDBX与TCTA的掺杂薄膜的荧光寿命,分别为42、28和64μs。
实施例7.掺杂TCTA的OLED器件制备
通过真空蒸镀制备器件,器件结构为ITO/MoO3(5nm)/NPB(35nm)/TCTA(5nm)/TCTA:TCNSFX(1∶1,20nm)/TmPyPB(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(120nm),NPB、TCTA、TmPyPB及LiF分别作为空穴注入层、电子阻挡层、电子传输和阴极缓冲层。
表一:掺杂前后荧光寿命和量子效率汇总
Claims (5)
1.一种氰基取代的螺环类延迟荧光材料,其特征在于该材料是基于螺[芴-9,9′-氧杂蒽]SFX的氰基取代材料,具有如下结构:
其中,R1,R2相同或不同,具体为氢、甲基、乙基等烷基基团或叔丁基。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的氰基取代的螺环类延迟荧光材料的制备方法,其特征在于氰基取代的螺环类延迟荧光材料通过绿色低毒的方法一步制备获得,2,3’,6’7-四氰基螺芴氧杂蒽TCNSFX的制备方法如下:
称取2,3’,6’,7-四溴螺芴氧杂蒽和三水亚铁氰化钾、碳酸钾、醋酸钯和四丁基溴化铵于反应瓶中,循环抽真空数次,再将N,N-二甲基甲酰胺注入反应瓶中,150℃下反应24h,冷却,加入二氯甲烷后搅拌,抽滤后将滤液蒸干上样进行柱层析分离,以石油醚∶乙酸乙酯梯度洗脱即可获得产物TCNSFX。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的氰基取代的螺环类延迟荧光材料的制备方法,其特征在于DCN-RSFX的制备方法如下:
其中,R1,R2相同或不同,具体为氢、甲基、乙基等烷基基团或叔丁基;
称取DBr-RSFX和三水亚铁氰化钾、碳酸钾、醋酸钯和四丁基溴化铵于反应瓶中,循环抽真空数次,再将N,N-二甲基甲酰胺注入反应瓶中,150℃下反应24h,冷却,加入二氯甲烷后搅拌,抽滤后将滤液蒸干上样进行柱层析分离,以石油醚:乙酸乙酯梯度洗脱即可获得产物DCN-RSFX。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的氰基取代的螺环类延迟荧光材料的制备方法,其特征在于DCNSFDBX的制备方法如下:
称取DBrSFDBX和三水亚铁氰化钾、碳酸钾、醋酸钯和四丁基溴化铵于反应瓶中,循环抽真空数次,再将N,N-二甲基甲酰胺注入反应瓶中,150℃下反应24h,冷却,加入二氯甲烷后搅拌,抽滤后将滤液蒸干上样进行柱层析分离,以石油醚∶乙酸乙酯梯度洗脱即可获得产物DCNSFDBX。
5.一种如权利要求1所述的氰基取代的螺环类延迟荧光材料的应用,其特征在于该材料和4,4′,4″-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯胺TCTA以质量比1∶1掺杂后,能够有效地呈现激基复合物型热激发延迟荧光的绿色发光;其器件结构为:铟锡氧化物ITO阳极/电子传输层/发光层/空穴传输层/金属阴极Al,其中发光层为4,4′,4″-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯胺TCTA与发光材料以1∶1的掺杂比混合蒸镀,阴极通过真空镀膜技术制备。
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