CN107972737B - 用于机动车辆的复合部件 - Google Patents

用于机动车辆的复合部件 Download PDF

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CN107972737B
CN107972737B CN201710991647.9A CN201710991647A CN107972737B CN 107972737 B CN107972737 B CN 107972737B CN 201710991647 A CN201710991647 A CN 201710991647A CN 107972737 B CN107972737 B CN 107972737B
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CN107972737A (zh
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P·克勒纳
P·科诺特
T·邦加尔茨
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3032—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30321—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of protrusions belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/005—Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles, e.g. dismountable auxiliary seats
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/04—Arrangement of batteries
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    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B62D25/04—Door pillars ; windshield pillars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B62D25/06—Fixed roofs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
    • B62D29/001—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material
    • B62D29/005—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material preformed metal and synthetic material elements being joined together, e.g. by adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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Abstract

一种用于机动车辆的复合部件(10)，该复合部件具有第一部分(20)和连接至所述第一部分的第二部分(40)。该第一部分(20)包括金属材料，该第二部分(40)包括塑料。该第一部分(20)具有第一基底区域(21)和设置在该第一基底区域(21)上的凸起(31)，这些凸起(31)从该第一基底区域(21)延伸至该第二部分(40)、具有侧凹(33)并且被锚固在该第二部分(40)中，以便在该第一部分(20)与该第二部分(40)之间产生连接。还示出了一种用于生产这种复合部件(10)的方法。

Description

用于机动车辆的复合部件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合部件、尤其是一种用于机动车辆的复合部件。
背景技术
具有塑料部和金属部的复合部件例如被用于在机动车辆的表面上提供塑料但同时通过金属部确保复合部件的良好稳定性。
这类复合部件在车身构造中例如被用作A柱、B柱或车顶横梁，并且作为安装部件(作为电池支撑结构的一部分、作为座椅部件或者作为翻车防护杆)进行装配。也可以是其他使用区域，诸如长条座椅。
可以按不同方式实现塑料与金属之间的连接，例如：
-借助于结合剂产生材料结合(粘性结合)；
-借助于贯通成型产生宏观形状配合；
-通过收缩配合产生摩擦配合；
-通过表面的结构化产生微观形状配合。
DE 10 2011 104 398 A1示出了一种用于机动车辆的复合部件，该复合部分带有金属载体件，该金属载体件被设置在具有塑料的连接区域中，其中在该连接区域中设置了单独的连接元件，该连接元件以力配合的方式被连接至金属载体件。该连接元件允许与塑料的形状配合，结果是所述塑料被可靠地连接至金属载体件。在外侧围绕金属载体件的夹持元件被示出作为连接元件。
DE 10 2008 061 166 A1示出了具有金属部分和聚合物部分的复合部件。通过锌系磷化防止该金属部分腐蚀，这也导致了粗糙的表面结构。这改善了随后施加的聚合物涂层的结合。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种新式复合部件。
该目的通过下述1的主题实现。本发明还公开下述12的技术方案，其中下述2-11和13-15为优选技术方案：
1.一种用于机动车辆的复合部件，
该复合部件具有第一部分和连接至该第一部分的第二部分，
该第一部分包括金属材料，
该第二部分包括塑料，
该第一部分具有第一基底区域和设置在该第一基底区域上的凸起，
所述凸起从该第一基底区域延伸至该第二部分，
所述凸起具有侧凹；
并且所述凸起被锚固在该第二部分中以便在该第一部分与该第二部分之间产生连接。
2.如上述1所述的复合部件，其中该第一基底区域限定第一基底面，并且其中所述凸起形成该第一基底面的结构化部。
3.如上述1或2所述的复合部件，其中该第二部分具有第二基底区域和设置在该第二基底区域上的肋。
4.如上述3所述的复合部件，其中所述肋具有自由端，并且其中所述凸起被锚固在该自由端上。
5.如以上1-4之一所述的复合部件，其中该第二部分包括热塑性塑料、热固性塑料或者弹性体塑料。
6.如以上1-5之一所述的复合部件，其中该第二部分包括纤维增强塑料，尤其是短纤维增强塑料、长纤维增强塑料或者连续纤维增强塑料。
7.如以上1-6之一所述的复合部件，其中该第一部分包括铝、镁、钛、或具有这些金属中的一者或多者的合金或者钢。
8.如以上1-7之一所述的复合部件，其中所述凸起包括铝、镁、钛、或具有这些金属中的一者或多者的合金或者钢。
9.如以上1-8之一所述的复合部件，其中这些凸起是由与该第一基底区域相同的金属材料形成的。
10.如以上1-9之一所述的复合部件，其中在所述凸起与该第一基底区域之间的连接区域中，所述凸起与该第一基底区域一体地形成。
11.如以上1-10之一所述的复合部件，其中至少一些凸起最大程度地从该第一基底区域进入该第二部分，该最大程度是在10μm至2000μm的范围内。
12.一种用于生产复合部件的方法，该复合部件具有第一部分和连接至该第一部分的第二部分，该第一部分包括金属材料，该第二部分包括塑料，该第一部分具有第一基底区域和设置在该第一基底区域上的凸起，并且所述凸起被锚固在该第二部分中以便在该第一部分与该第二部分之间产生连接，
该方法具有以下步骤：
A)制造该第一部分的第一基底区域；
B)通过叠加制造法直接在该基底区域上产生所述凸起；
C)该第二部分被连接至该第一部分。
13.如以上12所述的方法，其中在步骤C)中，该第一部分被定位在用于制造该第二部分的工具中，并且通过初级成型和/或次级成型在该第一部分上于该工具中产生该第二部分。
14.如以上12所述的方法，其中制造该第二部分，然后在步骤C)中，该第二部分通过压制工艺被连接至该第一部分。
15.如以上14所述的方法，其中在该压制工艺之前，该第一部分或者该第二部分或者该第一部分和该第二部分二者至少区域性地被加热，以便在连接区域中融化该第二部分的材料。
这种复合部件允许改善金属部与塑料部之间的连接强度、允许连接的良好密封、并且与具有额外连接元件的其他部件相比允许更小的重量。虽然通过化学蚀刻或喷砂进行表面的结构化的复合部件也具有较大表面，但是它们不具有或仅具有非常少的侧凹，因此提供较差的连接。
根据一个优选实施方案，该第一基底区域限定第一基底面，这些凸起形成该第一基底面的结构化部。这使得可以实现良好的连接。尤其借助于叠加制造法来产生这些凸起。
根据一个优选实施方案，该第二部分具有第二基底区域和设置在该第二基底区域上的肋。这导致了轻型设计。
根据一个优选实施方案，这些肋具有自由端，这些凸起被锚固在该自由端上。这导致了可以尤其用于在该第一部分与该第二部分之间传输流体的通道并且导致了相对较大体积的复合部件。
根据一个优选实施方案，该第二部分包括热塑性塑料、热固性塑料或者弹性体塑料。通过这些塑料，可以实现与这些凸起的良好连接。
根据一个优选实施方案，第二部分包括纤维增强塑料，尤其是短纤维增强塑料、长纤维增强塑料或者连续纤维增强塑料。因而获得非常稳定的复合部件，尤其是通过锁定这些纤维来有利地影响在这些凸起处的连接。
根据一个优选实施方案，该第一部分包括铝、镁、钛、或具有这些金属中的一者或多者的合金或者钢。根据材料，在此可以获得轻而且还稳定的复合部件。
根据一个优选实施方案，这些凸起包括铝、镁、钛、或具有这些金属中的一者或多者的合金或者钢。这些材料也非常适合于这些凸起。
根据一个优选实施方案，这些凸起是由与该第一基底区域相同的金属材料形成的。这有助于回收并且避免形成原电池。
根据一个优选实施方案，在这些凸起与该第一基底区域之间的连接区域中，这些凸起与该第一基底区域一体地形成。这种构型允许简单生产和高强度。
根据一个优选实施方案，至少一些凸起最大程度地从该第一基底区域进入该第二部分，该最大程度在10μm至2000μm的范围内。这个最大程度足以实现良好的连接，并且作为最大程度小的结果，这些凸起重量较轻。
该目的还通过上述13的主题实现。
这种方法允许根据本发明的复合部件以低成本方式生产，并且适合于成批生产。
从以下描述的和在附图中表示的示例性实施例还以及从属权利要求显现了本发明的进一步细节和有利改进，但是这些实施例决不应理解为对本发明的限制。
附图说明
在附图中：
图1以透视图示示出了具有塑料/金属连接的复合部件，
图2以截面示出了图1的复合部件，
图3以透视图示示出了复合部件的另一个示例性实施例，
图4示出了图3的详细图示,
图5示出了复合部件的金属部分的详细图示，并且
图6示出了复合部件的详细图示。
在不同的图中，相同或者具有相同效果的零件由相同的参考号指示并且通常只描述一次。这也应用于与这些零件相关联的特性。
具体实施方式
图1和图2示出了尤其用于机动车辆的复合部件10。复合部件10具有第一部分20和连接至第一部分20的第二部分40。第一部分20包括金属材料，尤其是铝、镁、钛、或具有这些金属中的一者或多者的合金、钢或者某种其他合金，该第一部分优选地由这种材料组成。第二部分40包括塑料，尤其是热塑性塑料、热固性塑料或者弹性体。使用热塑性塑料导致产生特别好的连接。为了特别高应力的复合部件10，可以使用纤维增强塑料，其中短纤维、长纤维、连续纤维或者这些纤维的组合导致良好稳定性。
第一部分20具有第一基底区域21，在第一基底区域21上提供凸起31。这些凸起31从第一基底区域21延伸至第二部分40。
这些凸起31被锚固在第二部分40中，并且它们因而可以在第一部分20与第二部分40之间产生良好的连接。
第一基底区域21限定第一基底面23，这些凸起31形成第一基底面23的结构化部30。在此，第一基底面23可以是扁平的，但也可以是弯曲的或者具有边缘以便允许适配其中插入了复合部件10的区域。
由于凸起31远离基底面23延伸，因此能够涉及的是叠加结构或者通过叠加制造法产生的结构。相比之下，在通过蚀刻工艺或者通过某种其他方法用于产生空腔的表面23的结构化部的情况下，可以涉及减法制造法。
在本示例性实施例中，第二部分40具有第二基底区域41，在该第二基底区域上设置有肋42。这些肋42具有自由端43。第二基底区域41被连接至第一部分20，使得这些肋42被引导远离第一部分20。
这些凸起31优选地包括铝、镁、钛、或者具有这些金属中的一者或多者的合金、钢或者某种其他合金，这些凸起优选地由这种材料构成。凸起31和第一基底区域21优选地由相同的材料形成。
这些凸起31在附图中不必按比例绘制。
为了在第一部分20与第二部分40之间实现良好的连接，优选地提供至少100个凸起31。这应用于所有示例性实施例。
图3示出了复合部件10的另一个实施例，图4示出了图3的详细视图。与图1和图2的示例性实施例不同，肋42的端部43(从第二部分40看可以被称为自由端43)指向第一部分20，并且凸起31被锚固在自由端43中。
这在肋42之间产生通道，例如空气或液体可以流过这些通道。结果是，例如可以进行冷却或加热。
图5示出了如在图1至图4中形成的第一部分20。凸起31远离基底面23在所示的取向上向上突出，并且设置有侧凹33。因而与在更靠近基底面23提供的区域中相比，这些凸起31在进一步远离基底面23的区域中更进一步向外侧向地延伸。这种侧凹33改善了第一部分20与第二部分40之间的连接，因为第二部分40的塑料能够将自身锁定在侧凹33中。
在图5中，凸起31最大程度地从第一基底区域21进入第二部分，该第二部分从连接区域22(描绘线)延伸至上端。
在基底面23的设置有凸起31的区域中，首先，可以考虑在第一基底面23的高度处的这些凸起31的面积，也就是说，由图5的二维图示中的连接区域22的虚线标识的面积，其中在基底面的这个区域中的所有凸起31的面积被加在一起。其次，可以考虑整个基底面23，该整个基底面也包括凸起31的先前限定的面积。
因而，这种考虑中省略了基底面23中根本没有设置凸起31的区域，也就是说例如不提供任何连接的区域。
图6示出了凸起31的另一个示例性实施例。凸起31具有蘑菇头的形式，因而以杆状方式从基底面23向上延伸并且在上部区域中加宽。由此，同样形成侧凹33，并且第二部分40的塑料能够封闭凸起31。
在下文中描述了一种用于这样的复合部件10的生产方法。
在第一步骤A)中，制造第一部分20的第一基底区域21。所述部分还不具有完成的凸起31。
在第二步骤B)中，通过叠加制造法直接在基底区域21上产生凸起31。这种叠加制造法的实例是激光沉积焊接、金属粉末沉积焊接和选择性激光烧结。这些凸起31可以是如同被印在上面一样。
在第三步骤C)中，第二部分40被连接至第一部分20。这可以按不同方式执行。
第一种可能性是，在步骤C)中，第一部分20被定位在用于制造第二部分40的工具中，并且通过初级成型而在第一部分20上在该工具中产生第二部分40。第一部分20可以例如作为插入件被插入注射模具中，然后通过注射模制方法以初级成型和/或次级成型方式直接在第一部分上形成第二部分40，结果是在注射模制工艺过程中，第二部分40的塑料围绕凸起31直接流入注射模具中，第二部分的塑料在该注射模具中冷却。因而第二部分40的初级成型和/或次级成型以及连结至第一部分20同时实现。注射模制方法的替代方案是
-树脂传递模制(RTM)工艺；
-湿压工艺；
-热成型工艺；
-挤压工艺。
第一种可能性在第一部分20与第二部分40之间的全面积连接的情况下是尤其有利的，例如在图1和图2中所示。
第二种可能性是，在连结至第一部分20之前，例如通过热成型工艺、挤压工艺或者注射模制工艺来制造第二部分40，然后在步骤C)中，第二部分40通过压制工艺被连接至第一部分20。第二部分40和第一部分20因而被压制在一起。优选地，在压制工艺之前，第一部分20或第二部分40或第一部分20和第二部分40二者至少区域性地被加热，以便在连接区域中融化第二部分40的材料。这引起第二部分40的材料围绕凸起31流动，这种流动的结果是，该材料也进入侧凹33的区域中并且将其自身锁定在侧凹上。可能的是，例如第二部分40的有待连接至第一部分20上的表面在压制工艺之前被融化，或者第一部分20有待加热优选至高于第二部分40的融化温度的温度，使得在压制工艺中，通过第一部分20发生第二部分40的融化并且在第一部分20与第二部分40之间产生良好的接触。在压制工艺的过程中进一步提供热量是有益的以便用第二部分40的材料良好地填充第一部分20的区域中的空腔。
第二种可能性尤其在第一部分20与第二部分40之间连接的情况下是有利的，其中连接只是区域性地设置，例如在图3和图4中所示。
可以随后移除复合部件10。
当然，在本发明的范围内可以进行许多变化和修改。
优选地，具有凸起31的结构化部仅应用于旨在第一部分20与第二部分40之间进行连接的区域中。结果是，可以节省成本并且还可以减少重量。这尤其在第二部分40被连接至第一部分20之前对第二部分进行生产的生产变体的情况下是有利的。
在附图中，这些凸起31(简而言之)是呈点状设计。然而，细长设计也是可以的，例如呈具有侧凹的肋的形式。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于机动车辆的复合部件(10)，
该复合部件(10)具有第一部分(20)和连接至该第一部分(20)的第二部分(40)，
该第一部分(20)包括金属材料，
该第二部分(40)包括塑料，
该第一部分(20)具有第一基底区域(21)和设置在该第一基底区域(21)上的凸起(31)，
所述凸起(31)从该第一基底区域(21)延伸至该第二部分(40)，
所述凸起(31)具有侧凹(33)；
并且所述凸起(31)被锚固在该第二部分(40)中以便在该第一部分(20)与该第二部分(40)之间产生连接；
该第二部分(40)具有第二基底区域(41)和设置在该第二基底区域(41)上的肋(42)；
所述肋(42)具有自由端(43)，并且其中所述凸起(31)被锚固在该自由端(43)上；以及
在所述肋之间形成通道。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合部件(10)，其中该第一基底区域(21)限定第一基底面(23)，并且其中所述凸起(31)形成该第一基底面(23)的结构化部(30)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的复合部件(10)，其中该第二部分(40)包括热塑性塑料、热固性塑料或者弹性体塑料。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的复合部件(10)，其中该第二部分(40)包括纤维增强塑料。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的复合部件(10)，其中该第一部分(20)包括铝、镁、钛、或具有这些金属中的一者或多者的合金或者钢。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的复合部件(10)，其中所述凸起(31)包括铝、镁、钛、或具有这些金属中的一者或多者的合金或者钢。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的复合部件(10)，其中这些凸起(31)是由与该第一基底区域(21)相同的金属材料形成的。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的复合部件(10)，其中在所述凸起(31)与该第一基底区域(21)之间的连接区域(22)中，所述凸起(31)与该第一基底区域(21)一体地形成。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的复合部件(10)，其中至少一些凸起(31)最大程度地从该第一基底区域(21)进入该第二部分(40)，该最大程度是在10μm至2000μm的范围内。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的复合部件(10)，其中该第二部分(40)包括短纤维增强塑料、长纤维增强塑料或者连续纤维增强塑料。
11.一种用于生产如权利要求1-10中的一项所述的复合部件(10)的方法，该复合部件(10)具有第一部分(20)和连接至该第一部分(20)的第二部分(40)，该第一部分(20)包括金属材料，该第二部分(40)包括塑料，该第一部分(20)具有第一基底区域(21)和设置在该第一基底区域(21)上的凸起(31)，并且所述凸起(31)被锚固在该第二部分(40)中以便在该第一部分(20)与该第二部分(40)之间产生连接，
该方法具有以下步骤：
A)制造该第一部分(20)的第一基底区域(21)；
B)通过叠加制造法直接在该基底区域(21)上产生所述凸起(31)；
C)该第二部分(40)被连接至该第一部分(20)。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中在步骤C)中，该第一部分(20)被定位在用于制造该第二部分(40)的工具中，并且通过初级成型和/或次级成型在该第一部分(20)上于该工具中产生该第二部分(40)。
13.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中制造该第二部分(40)，然后在步骤C)中，该第二部分(40)通过压制工艺被连接至该第一部分(20)。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中在该压制工艺之前，该第一部分(20)或者该第二部分(40)或者该第一部分(20)和该第二部分(40)二者至少区域性地被加热，以便在连接区域中融化该第二部分(40)的材料。
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US10556385B2 (en) 2020-02-11
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