CN107964384A - 一种通用型双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及聚氨酯胶黏剂制备领域,特别涉及一种通用型双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂及其制备方法,主要包括聚己二酸乙二醇酯(聚酯)的制备、改性聚酯树脂(甲组分)的制备、三羟甲基丙烷‑TDI加成物(乙组分)的制备,具有粘结力强,适用范围广、毒性低的优良特性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚氨酯胶黏剂制备领域,特别涉及一种通用型双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯(PU)胶黏剂是指在分子链中含有氨基甲酸酯基团(—NHCOO—)或异氰酸酯基(—NCO)的胶黏剂。与含有活泼氢的材料,如泡沫塑料、木材、皮革、织物、纸张、陶瓷等多孔材料和金属、玻璃、橡胶、塑料等表面光洁的材料都有着优良的化学黏合力。
聚氨酯树脂的结构对其性能起决定性作用。聚氨酯是一种由软硬段镶嵌而成的线性有机聚合物,其结构如下所示:
~软段~硬段~软段~硬段~软段~
聚氨酯树脂的软段由一般由聚醚、聚酯等低聚物多元醇构成,这类多元醇的分子量通常约为600~3000。一般来说,用于制备胶粘剂的聚氨酯树脂的硬/软段比例都较低,其性能也主要由软段决定。聚氨酯的硬段由多异氰酸酯和小分子扩链剂生成的异氰酸酯基、氨基甲酸酯基,及异氰酸酯与水或胺类扩链剂产生的脲基,对材料的力学性能有重要影响,尤其是拉伸强度、硬度和抗撕裂强度等性能。
双组分聚氨酯是-NCO基团与-OH基团之间的化学反应。但所形成的氨酯键在催化剂存在下,其氨酯键中的仲氮原子上的活泼氢还会和过量的-NCO基团反应生成脲基甲酸酯键。在一定的条件下,这一反应还可以迅速地发展下去,直到耗尽残余的-NCO基团。
双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂是聚氨酯胶黏剂中最重要的一个大类,用途广,用量大。通常是由甲、乙两个组分分开包装的,使用时,将甲组分与乙组分按一定比例,用醋酸乙酯稀释混合均匀后施胶涂布。引入纳米粒子可显著提高其耐热性、拉伸强度、抗剪强度以及剥离强度等,但加入的纳米材料要适当,若加入过多则可能会破坏部分大分子中硬段的有序排列而使力学性能下降。随着TMP量的增加,胶粘剂的剥离强度先增加后减小。TMP作为交联剂,可以提高胶粘剂的交联度,使胶的内聚强度增加,剥离强度提高,但是随着TMP用量的增加,预聚物中剩余NCO含量降低,生成的脲基减少,而脲基的内聚能比氨酯基还高,这又导致剥离强度下降。刚开始,交联密度增大使剥离强度提高起主导作用,当达到一定的交联密度后,强极性脲键减少使剥离强度降低起主要作用,两种作用的综合结果,使得TMP用量的增加,剥离强度先上升后下降。
高性能双组分溶剂型复膜胶采用聚酯多元醇作主剂,改性异氰酸酯(与三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)加成或二聚、三聚体)为固化剂。此时需严格控制固化剂中的游离异氰酸酯质量分数(低于0.5%-1.0%,甚至更低)。为了降低毒性,可采用脂肪族异氰酸酯(如异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、四甲基间苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯(TMXDI)代替芳香族异氰酸酯。但是,脂肪族异氰酸酯比芳香族的价高,而且反应性低。
为解决上述问题,本发明提出一种通用型双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂及其制备方法,具有粘结力强,适用范围广、毒性低的优良特性。
发明内容
一种通用型双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂及其制备方法,主要包括聚己二酸乙二醇酯(聚酯)的制备、改性聚酯树脂(甲组分)的制备、三羟甲基丙烷-TDI加成物(乙组分)的制备,包括以下步骤:
聚己二酸乙二醇酯(聚酯)的制备:于不锈钢反应釜中投入重量份乙二醇,加温并搅拌,加入重量份己二酸,逐步升温当酸值达一定值时,加压,控制酸值出料,制得外观为浅黄色聚己二酸乙二醇。
改性聚酯树脂(甲组分)的制备:反应釜中投入乙酸丁酯,开动搅拌,投入聚己二酸乙二醇(即上述⑴制备的聚酯),加热至60℃,加入甲苯二异氰酸酯,升温,再加乙酸乙酯溶解,最后加入丙酮溶解,制得浅黄色或茶色透明粘稠液(甲组分)。
三羟甲基丙烷-TDI加成物(乙组分)的制备:反应釜内加甲苯二异氰酸酯和乙酸乙酯(一级品),开动搅拌器,滴加预先熔融的三羟甲基丙烷,控制滴加温度,滴完,并保温1h,冷却到室温,制得外观为浅黄色的粘稠液(乙组分)。
通用型双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂:混合得聚己二酸乙二醇酯为原料、以溶剂聚氨酯树脂为主成分(甲组分),以三羟甲基丙烷-TDI加成物为固化剂(乙组分)的双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详述,但不应理解为是对本发明保护范围的限制,凡基于上述技术思路,利用于本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段所做的修改、替换、变更均属于本发明的范围。
实施例1
聚己二酸乙二醇酯(聚酯)的制备:于不锈钢反应釜中投入300重量份乙二醇,加温并搅拌,加入700重量份己二酸,逐步升温到200-210℃,出水量达170-190重量份。当酸值达40mg KOH/g时,加压至0.048MPa。釜内温度200℃,出水8h,酸值达10mgKOH/g时,再减压至0.67KPa以下,内温控制在210℃,减压去醇5h,控制酸值2mg KOH/g出料。制得羟值为50-70mg KOH/g(分子量1600-2200),外观为浅黄色聚己二酸乙二醇,产率为62%。
实施例2
聚己二酸乙二醇酯(聚酯)的制备:于不锈钢反应釜中投入350重量份乙二醇,加温并搅拌,加入重量份730重量份己二酸,逐步升温到200-210℃,出水量达170-190重量份。当酸值达40mg KOH/g时,加压至0.048MPa。釜内温度200℃,出水8h,酸值达10mg KOH/g时,再减压至0.67KPa以下,内温控制在210℃,减压去醇5h,控制酸值2mg KOH/g出料。制得羟值为50-70mg KOH/g(分子量1600-2240),外观为浅黄色聚己二酸乙二醇,产率为70%。
实施例3
聚己二酸乙二醇酯(聚酯)的制备:于不锈钢反应釜中投入400重量份乙二醇,加温并搅拌,加入760重量份己二酸,逐步升温到200-210℃,出水量达170-190重量份。当酸值达40mg KOH/g时,加压至0.048MPa。釜内温度200℃,出水8h,酸值达10mgKOH/g时,再减压至0.67KPa以下,内温控制在210℃,减压去醇5h,控制酸值2mg KOH/g出料。制得羟值为50-70mg KOH/g(分子量1600-2320),外观为浅黄色聚己二酸乙二醇,产率为60%。
最优配比为350重量份乙二醇,加温并搅拌,加入重量份730重量份己二酸,制得羟值为50-70mg KOH/g(分子量1600-2240),外观为浅黄色聚己二酸乙二醇,产率为70%。
实施例4
改性聚酯树脂(甲组分)的制备:反应釜中投入5kg乙酸丁酯,开动搅拌,投入60kg聚己二酸乙二醇(即上述⑴制备的聚酯),加热至60℃,加入4-6kg甲苯二异氰酸酯(80/20,根据羟值与酸值决定添加量),升温至110-120℃,粘度达6A(变速箱W-6,电机2.8KW)。打开计量槽加入5kg乙酸乙酯溶解,再加10kg乙酸乙酯溶解,最后加入134-139kg丙酮溶解,制得浅黄色或茶色透明粘稠液(甲组分),产率为98%。
三羟甲基丙烷-TDI加成物(乙组分)的制备:反应釜内加246.5kg甲苯二异氰酸酯(80/20)和212kg乙酸乙酯(一级品),开动搅拌器,滴加预先熔融的三羟甲基丙烷60kg,控制滴加温度65-70℃,2h滴完,并在70℃保温1h,冷却到室温,制得外观为浅黄色的粘稠液(乙组分),产率为98%。
Claims (5)
1.一种通用型双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂及其制备方法,主要包括聚己二酸乙二醇酯(聚酯)的制备、改性聚酯树脂(甲组分)的制备、三羟甲基丙烷-TDI加成物(乙组分)的制备。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种通用型双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂及其制备方法,其特征在于聚己二酸乙二醇酯(聚酯)的制备:于不锈钢反应釜中投入重量份乙二醇,加温并搅拌,加入重量份己二酸,逐步升温当酸值达一定值时,加压,控制酸值出料,制得外观为浅黄色聚己二酸乙二醇。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种通用型双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂及其制备方法,其特征在于改性聚酯树脂(甲组分)的制备:反应釜中投入乙酸丁酯,开动搅拌,投入聚己二酸乙二醇(即上述⑴制备的聚酯),加热至60℃,加入甲苯二异氰酸酯,升温,再加乙酸乙酯溶解,最后加入丙酮溶解,制得浅黄色或茶色透明粘稠液(甲组分)。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种通用型双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂及其制备方法,其特征在于三羟甲基丙烷-TDI加成物(乙组分)的制备:反应釜内加甲苯二异氰酸酯和乙酸乙酯(一级品),开动搅拌器,滴加预先熔融的三羟甲基丙烷,控制滴加温度,滴完,并保温1h,冷却到室温,制得外观为浅黄色的粘稠液(乙组分)。
5.一种通用型双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂及其制备方法,其特征在于,聚己二酸乙二醇酯为原料、以溶剂聚氨酯树脂为主成分(甲组分),以三羟甲基丙烷-TDI加成物为固化剂(乙组分)的双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂。
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Cited By (2)
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CN109486465A (zh) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-03-19 | 广东莱尔新材料科技股份有限公司 | 一种双组分聚氨酯胶粘剂及其制备方法 |
CN113234413A (zh) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-10 | 新疆天利高新石化股份有限公司 | 一种bi废液高效回收利用方法 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109486465A (zh) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-03-19 | 广东莱尔新材料科技股份有限公司 | 一种双组分聚氨酯胶粘剂及其制备方法 |
CN109486465B (zh) * | 2018-11-13 | 2021-01-05 | 广东莱尔新材料科技股份有限公司 | 一种双组分聚氨酯胶粘剂及其制备方法 |
CN113234413A (zh) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-10 | 新疆天利高新石化股份有限公司 | 一种bi废液高效回收利用方法 |
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