CN107954722B - 一种通过自扩散制备Si3N4梯度材料的方法 - Google Patents

一种通过自扩散制备Si3N4梯度材料的方法 Download PDF

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CN107954722B
CN107954722B CN201711271134.7A CN201711271134A CN107954722B CN 107954722 B CN107954722 B CN 107954722B CN 201711271134 A CN201711271134 A CN 201711271134A CN 107954722 B CN107954722 B CN 107954722B
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郭伟明
吴利翔
牛文彬
林华泰
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种通过自扩散制备Si3N4梯度材料的方法。本发明以Si3N4和MO2(M=Ti,Zr,Hf)粉为原料,以MgO‑Re2O3为烧结助剂,经混料、干燥后得到混合粉体;混合粉体经过冷等静压后,将样品埋粉后放入烧结炉中,最终获得Si3N4梯度材料;本发明方法得到的Si3N4材料表面为一层梯度MN层,MN作为一种高硬度、耐磨以及导电相物相,在提高Si3N4陶瓷的表面硬度、抗磨损性的同时,还可实现直接对其表面进行涂层处理;且相对密度高于95%,表层硬度为18~25GPa,断裂韧性为10~14MPa·m1/2,抗弯强度为1000~1500Mpa,梯度层厚度为10~200μm。

Description

一种通过自扩散制备Si3N4梯度材料的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及非氧化物陶瓷基复合材料技术领域,特别涉及一种通过自扩散制备Si3N4梯度材料的方法。
背景技术
Si3N4陶瓷材料作为一种结构材料,具有优异的力学性能,例如高硬度、高强、耐磨、耐高温等优异性能,可广泛应用于轴承、高速切削刀具、装甲等方面,但在极高温以及高速切削等恶劣条件下仍然容易磨损,寿命有限,所以需要对表面进一步增强,加强其使用可靠性,对于Si3N4陶瓷通常可进行制备梯度材料,或者对其进行PVD、CVD涂层处理。
目前梯度材料的制备主要是通过将不同配方或不同原料的材料烧结为一体,实现表层与硬度具有不同的性能,但是由于表层与芯部材料在成分、结构上的差别,使得两者的结合力较弱,有的甚至在烧结过程中都会出现表层与芯部的脱离,这极大地弱化了梯度材料的应用;同样地,对于不导电材料运用PVD、CVD技术时,需要对改材料表面覆盖一层导电层,再对其进行涂层处理,然而在基体与导电层之间仍然存在结合力不足的问题,并且PVD、CVD技术往往还存在涂层太薄防护效果不佳这一缺陷。
基于以上应用背景,急需寻求一种方法实现梯度材料的制备,并且梯度层不仅厚度可调而且之间具有较强的结合力。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺点与不足,提供一种通过自扩散制备SiN4梯度材料的方法。该方法简单,得到的梯度材料,表层和内里结合紧密。
本发明中,通过MO2(TiO2,ZrO2,HfO2)往表面扩散,并且扩散后MO2的量从外到里逐渐减少,扩散的MO2再与Si3N4进行反应,得到梯度MN结构。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现。
一种通过自扩散制备Si3N4梯度材料的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)以Si3N4和MO2,M=Ti,Zr,Hf粉为原料,以MgO-Re2O3为烧结助剂,经混料、干燥后,得到Si3N4-MO2-MgO-Re2O3混合粉体;
(2)将Si3N4-MO2-MgO-Re2O3混合粉体通过冷等静压成型获得坯体;将坯体埋在Si3N4粉中,并进行后续两步烧结,整个过程烧结气氛为氮气,最后得到具有MN梯度的Si3N4陶瓷。
本发明中,步骤(1)中,Re为Sc,Y,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Pm,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb或Lu中任一种。
本发明中,步骤(1)中,以Si3N4、MO2和MgO-Re2O3的总质量为100%计,Si3N4的质量百分比为50~75%,MO2的质量百分比为20~40%,MgO-Re2O3的质量百分比为5~30%;MgO-Re2O3中的MgO和Re2O3质量比为1:5~5:1。
本发明中,步骤(1)中,以Si3N4、MO2和MgO-Re2O3的总质量为100%计,Si3N4的质量百分比为60~72%,MO2的质量百分比为20~40%,MgO-Re2O3的质量百分比为8~20%;MgO-Re2O3中的MgO和Re2O3质量比为1:1~3:1。
本发明中,步骤(1)所述的Si3N4粉纯度为95~100%,粒径为<10μm;MO2纯度为98~100%,粒径为<10μm;MgO粉纯度为95~100%,Re2O3纯度为99.9%。
本发明中,步骤(1)中,将Si3N4、MO2和MgO-Re2O3进行混料时,以乙醇为溶剂,以Si3N4球为球磨介质,在行星式球磨机上混合4~18h。
本发明中,步骤(2)中,Si3N4粉属于外加的粗粉(纯度不要求很高),主要是防止ZrO2,TiO2,HfO2挥发直接逸出样品表面。
本发明中,步骤(2)中,冷等静压成型压力100~300MPa,保压时间为1~10min。
本发明中,步骤(2)中,冷等静压成型压力180~220MPa,保压时间为4~6min。
本发明中,步骤(2)中,两步烧结法的烧结程序如下:以18~22℃/min的升温速率将温度升至1250~1600℃并保温0.5~24h,然后以8~12℃/min的升温速率将温度升至1600~2000℃,并保温0.5~24h,整个过程烧结气氛为氮气,通过石墨发热电阻炉烧结获得具有MN梯度的Si3N4梯度材料。
本发明中,上述方法制备得到Si3N4梯度材料,Si3N4梯度材料表面为梯度MN层,其厚度可调节,相对密度大于95%,表层硬度为20~25GPa,断裂韧性为10~14MPa·m1/2,抗弯强度为1000~1500Mpa,梯度层厚度为10~200μm。
和现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的优点及效果:
(1)制备的梯度层之间结合力较强;
(2)制备的梯度层厚度可以进行调节。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1中得到的梯度材料中TiN的分布示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例中,Si3N4梯度材料的梯度层厚度通过扫描电子显微镜放大后,利用测量软件进行测量.
实施例1
一种通过自扩散制备Si3N4梯度材料的具体方法如下:
(1)以Si3N4和ZrO2粉为原料,以MgO和Y2O3为烧结助剂,按Si3N4:ZrO2:MgO-Re2O3的质量分数比为70%:20%:10%,所述的MgO-Re2O3中的MgO:Re2O3质量分数比为55%:45%;以乙醇为溶剂,以Si3N4球为球磨介质,在辊式球磨机上混合24h,经混料、干燥后,得到混合均匀的Si-ZrO2-MgO-Y2O3混合粉体。
(2)将Si-ZrO2-MgO-Y2O3混合粉体放入模具进行冷等静压成型,冷等静压成型压力200MPa,保压时间为5min。
(3)将Si-ZrO2-MgO-Y2O3坯体埋入Si3N4粉中,放入氮化硼坩埚,以20℃/min的升温速度将温度升到1400℃保温2h,然后以10℃/min的升温速度将温度升到1800℃保温2h,整个过程气氛为1atm的氮气,通过自扩散实现梯度Si3N4陶瓷的制备。制备的复合材料中,Si3N4呈长棒状自增韧结构,具有良好的韧性;TiN,ZrN,HfN呈等轴状,具有高硬度,且MN分布从表面到心部逐渐递减(如图1所示)。
本实施例制备得到的梯度Si3N4陶瓷的相对密度达到99%,硬度为19GPa,断裂韧性为12MPa·m1/2,抗弯强度为1200Mpa,梯度层厚度为60μm。
实施例2
按照Si3N4:ZrO2:MgO-Re2O3的质量分数比为50%:40%:10%进行配料,其中MgO:Yb2O3质量分数比为60%:40%,按照实施例1方法制备Si3N4陶瓷,其中首先升温至1375℃保温24h,然后升温至1900℃保温12h,进行10MPa的气压烧结,烧结气氛为氮气。制备所得陶瓷材料的相对密度为99%,材料的硬度为25GPa,断裂韧性为14MPa·m1/2,抗弯强度为1500Mpa,梯度层厚度为100μm。
实施例3
按照Si3N4:TiO2:MgO-Gd2O3的质量分数比为72%:20%:8%进行配料,其中MgO:Gd2O3质量分数比为60%:40%,按照实施例1方法制备Si3N4陶瓷,其中首先升温至1375℃保温4h,然后升温至1900℃保温4h,进行10MPa的气压烧结,烧结气氛为氮气。制备所得陶瓷材料的相对密度为99%,材料的硬度为20GPa,断裂韧性为14MPa·m1/2,抗弯强度为1200Mpa,梯度层厚度为80μm。
实施例4
按照Si3N4:TiO2:MgO-Y2O3的质量分数比为50%:40%:10%进行配料,其中MgO:Y2O3质量分数比为55%:45%,按照实施例1方法制备Si3N4陶瓷,其中首先升温至1500℃保温24h,然后升温至1900℃保温12h,进行10MPa的气压烧结,烧结气氛为氮气。制备所得陶瓷材料的相对密度为99%,材料的硬度为24GPa,断裂韧性为14MPa·m1/2,抗弯强度为1500Mpa,梯度层厚度为150μm。
实施例5
按照Si3N4:HfO2:MgO-Lu2O3的质量分数比为70%:20%:10%进行配料,其中MgO:Lu2O3质量分数比为60%:40%,按照实施例1方法制备Si3N4陶瓷,其中首先升温至1500℃保温12h,然后升温至1900℃保温12h,进行10MPa的气压烧结,烧结气氛为氮气。制备所得陶瓷材料的相对密度为99%,材料的硬度为25GPa,断裂韧性为14MPa·m1/2,抗弯强度为1500Mpa,梯度层厚度为60μm。
实施例6
按照Si3N4:HfO2:MgO-La2O3的质量分数比为50%:40%:10%进行配料,其中MgO:La2O3质量分数比为55%:45%,按照实施例1方法制备Si3N4陶瓷,其中首先升温至1600℃保温24h,然后升温至1900℃保温12h,进行10MPa的气压烧结,烧结气氛为氮气。制备所得陶瓷材料的相对密度为99%,材料的硬度为25GPa,断裂韧性为14MPa·m1/2,抗弯强度为1500Mpa,梯度层厚度为200μm。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种通过自扩散制备Si3N4梯度材料的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)以Si3N4和MO2,M=Ti,Zr,Hf粉为原料,以MgO-Re2O3为烧结助剂,经混料、干燥后,得到Si3N4-MO2-MgO-Re2O3混合粉体,Re为Sc,Y,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Pm,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb或Lu中任一种,以Si3N4、MO2和MgO-Re2O3的总质量为100%计,Si3N4的质量百分比为50~75%,MO2质量百分比为20~40%,MgO-Re2O3的质量百分比为5~30%;MgO-Re2O3中的MgO和Re2O3质量比为1:5~5:1,所述的Si3N4粉纯度为95~100%,粒径为<10μm;MO2纯度为98~100%,粒径为<10μm;MgO粉纯度为95~100%,Re2O3纯度为99.9%;
(2)将Si3N4-MO2-MgO-Re2O3混合粉体通过冷等静压成型获得坯体;将坯体埋在Si3N4粉中,并进行后续两步烧结,整个过程烧结气氛为氮气,最后得到具有MN梯度的Si3N4陶瓷,所述的冷等静压成型压力100~300MPa,保压时间为1~10min,所述的两步烧结法的烧结程序如下:以18~22℃/min的升温速率将温度升至1250~1600℃并保温0.5~24h,然后以8~12℃/min的升温速率将温度升至1600~2000℃,并保温0.5~24h,整个过程烧结气氛为氮气,通过石墨发热电阻炉烧结获得具有MN梯度的Si3N4梯度材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,以Si3N4、MO2和MgO-Re2O3的总质量为100%计,Si3N4的质量百分比为60~72%,MO2质量百分比为20~40%,MgO-Re2O3的质量百分比为8~20%;MgO-Re2O3中的MgO和Re2O3质量比为1:1~3:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,将Si3N4、MO2和MgO-Re2O3进行混料时,以乙醇为溶剂,以Si3N4球为球磨介质,在行星式球磨机上混合4~18h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,冷等静压成型压力180~220MPa,保压时间为4~6min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法制备得到Si3N4梯度材料,Si3N4梯度材料的表面为梯度MN层,相对密度大于95%,表层硬度为20~25GPa,断裂韧性为10~14MPa·m1/2,抗弯强度为1000~1500Mpa,梯度层厚度为10~200μm。
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